This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions. The book offers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.
Clarkesworld is a Hugo Award-winning science fiction and fantasy magazine. Each month we bring you a mix of fiction (new and classic works), articles, interviews and art. Our September 2014 issue contains: Original Fiction by Susan Palwick ("Weather"), JY Yang ("Patterns of a Murmuration, In Billions of Data Points"), and Xia Jia ("Spring Festival: Happiness, Anger, Love, Sorrow, Joy"). Classic stories by Brendan DuBois ("Falling Star"), Leigh Kennedy ("Her Furry Face"), and Peter Watts ("Giants"). Non-fiction by Mark Cole (Why Science Fiction Isn't Always to Blame), an interview with Ann Leckie, an Another Word column by Alethea Kontis, and an editorial/special announcement by Neil Clarke.
This book adopts the viewpoint of the marketer and follows a marketing decision-making sequence rather than traditional legal classifications. While dealing with laws which impose controls over the activities of marketers, the book also explains how the law can be used to obtain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
In The Legacy, when her brief, disastrous marriage to a fortune hunter ends in scandal, Baronesse Sabina von Ziegler's vengeful adoptive father imprisons her in a cloister. She arranges a daring escape and suddenly finds herself betrothed to Wolfgang Behaim, a tradition-bound printer from the rising middle class with a secret that threatens to destroy everything he holds dear. As they fight to discover the truth of the mysteries surrounding the Baron's machinations, they find themselves challenged by a fiery passion they cannot resist. Can they overcome their past and find love even as lies, war, and an unexpected enemy conspire against them? In The Promise, a sacred pledge and a gypsy's curse drive this medieval love story. Günter Behaim, a professional soldier in the service of Emperor Charles V, has been hardened by betrayal and disloyalty in his life, and he has sworn to make few promises of his own and keep those until death. When his closest friend is mortally wounded on the battlefield, however, Günter pledges to marry the other man's betrothed and keep her safe. That woman turns out to be a Spanish beauty named Alonsa García de Aranjuéz, but she will have no part of such an agreement. Trying to keep his promise, Günter uses every weapon in his romantic arsenal to convince the reluctant woman to marry him, and he begins to love her very much. Meanwhile, Alonsa is falling in love too, but she dares not reveal her feelings because she is under a curse that brings misfortune to any man who loves her. As war draws near and danger surrounds them, the couple has to make a crucial decision: accept their fates or risk everything to be together?
Examines the legal controls imposed on the manufacturing, labelling, packaging, distribution, promotion, pricing and retailing of goods and services. The book aims to provide a text appropriate for practitioners and students of marketing and focuses on the impact of the laws on the marketing of products.
Brendan Behan's genius was to strike a chord between critic and common man. When he died, at the age of 41, he was arguably the most celebrated Irish writer of the twentieth century. After the Wake is a collection of seven prose works and a series of articles. It includes all that exists of an unfinished novel, 'The Catacombs', and pieces together items whose comic and fanciful accounts evoke Flann O'Brien. Also featured are works of acknowledged excellence, 'The Confirmation Suit' and 'A Woman of No Standing'. This writing bears all the hallmarks of the author's talent – an ability to bring characters to life quickly and unforgettably, a sharp ear for dialogue and dialect, and a natural vocation for story-telling. This diverse collection is a delightful and entertaining windfall from one of Ireland's most colourful writers. An essential complement to Behan's master works.
In this fundamentally important work, Professor Brendan Kelly explores the background to Irish psychiatry in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, charting its progress and development. Using detailed case studies from the original records, the author examines some of the more unusual treatments explored and the history behind them. What emerges is a collection of piercing, untold stories of crime and illness, drama and tragedy. They are filled with a sense of the powerlessness of those detained and the dedicated – and sometimes misguided – enthusiasm of those trying to help. This book sheds important light on the foundations for the treatment of mental illness in Ireland.
This book examines promoting engagement for children and adolescents from challenging contexts or who are dealing with challenging conditions. The volume concentrates on three vulnerable groups: marginalized youths who have experienced repeated exclusion and sought their second chance in alternative education; children who are coming from economically, culturally, and linguistically disadvantaged backgrounds; and students with social or emotional issues. It defines engagement as evolving over the course of learning, an interpersonal as well as personal process involving students, learning environment, teachers, and peers. Chapters identify the complex personal, sociocultural, economic, and systemic barriers that keep these vulnerable students from fully engaging in school, and explore the enabling role of collaborative and supported learning activities in building academic success and a foundation for productive adult lives. In addition, chapters present instructional practices based on engagement enablers. Chapters also pinpoint specific learning skills and subject areas that can provide openings for promoting motivation and participation. Featured topics include: The importance of cognitive and social enablers for promoting learning engagement. Engagement in instruction from teachers and testing within classrooms. Student voice and perspective as a reading engagement enabler. Promoting academic engagement and aspiration for challenging and advanced mathematics. Alternative educational programs for re-engaging marginalized youths who “don’t fit”. Empowering Engagement is a must-have resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners, clinicians, and graduate students in the fields of child and school psychology, educational policy and politics, social work, motivation and learning, schooling and pedagogies, and related disciplines.
The widespread move towards more market-driven models of political economy combined with the expanding internationalisation of business and commerce has led to a series of proposals for global competition rules. To date these proposals have been hotly contested. The purpose of this book is to investigate in some depth whether there is a rational foundation for pursuing international competition rules, and what form these laws should take. The book takes examples from existing competition laws around the world, in particular the US and the EU both of which have a long history of enforcing established competition rules.
Certainly all presidents and prime ministers have engaged in spin to a certain extent, but in the past the media - and the public - checked the extent to which our leaders were able to fudge the truth. However, President Bush has repeatedly used deception, told outright lies, and rewritten history to sell his policy agenda. And thanks to one of the most aggressive public relations teams ever assembled, he has been able to get away with it since he began his campaign. In the wake of September 11, the administration has taken its questionable conduct to a new level by attempting to intimidate critics and has tried to connect virtually every policy initiative to the war on terrorism. Bush has used the same tactics to mislead the public on a wide range of other major policy initiatives, from the environment to homeland security to Social Security - all with little scepticism from the media.
The philosophy of religion is a core area in the study of philosophy, as well as being a subject of growing contemporary interest. It encompasses some of the major and most complex philosophical questions. Does God exist? What is God's nature? Why does God allow evil? What is a religious experience? Are religion and science compatible? What relevance does evolution have for religious belief? It also covers questions concerning the challenge of religious pluralism, a topic of great contemporary relevance. Written with the specific needs of students new to philosophy in mind, Religion: Key Concepts in Philosophy covers the work of major thinkers and outlines clearly the central questions and arguments encountered in studying the philosophy of religion. This is an engaging and clear introduction to a major component of the undergraduate philosophy curriculum, as well as being an ideal support for general readers.
The third volume of the definitive political history of Northern Ireland. The Good Friday Agreement deserved the attention the world gave it, even if it was not always accurately understood. After its ratification in two referendums, for the first time in history political institutions throughout the island of Ireland rested upon the freely given assent of majorities of all the peoples on the island. It marked, it was hoped, the full political decolonization of Ireland. Whether Ireland would reunify, or whether Northern Ireland remain in union with Great Britain now rested on the will of the people of Ireland, North and South respectively: a complex mode of power-sharing addressed the self-determination dispute. The concluding volume of Brendan O'Leary's A Treatise on Northern Ireland explains the making of this settlement, and the many failed initiatives that preceded it under British direct rule. Long-term structural and institutional changes and short-term political maneuvers are given their due in this lively but comprehensive assessment. The Anglo-Irish Agreement is identified as the political tipping point, itself partially the outcome of the hunger strikes of 1980-81 that had prevented the criminalization of republicanism. Until 2016 the prudent judgment seemed to be that the Good Friday Agreement had broadly worked, eventually enabling Sinn Féin and the DUP to share power, with intermittent attention from the sovereign governments. Cultural Catholics appeared content if not in love with the Union with Great Britain. But the decision to hold a referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union has collaterally damaged and destabilized the Good Friday Agreement. That, in turn, has shaped the UK's tortured exit negotiations with the European Union. In appraising these recent events and assessing possible futures, readers will find O'Leary's distinctive angle of vision clear, sharp, unsentimental, and unsparing of reputations, in keeping with the mastery of the historical panoramas displayed throughout this treatise.
Reinterpreting the first century of American history, Brendan McConville argues that colonial society developed a political culture marked by strong attachment to Great Britain's monarchs. This intense allegiance continued almost until the moment of independence, an event defined by an emotional break with the king. By reading American history forward from the seventeenth century rather than backward from the Revolution, McConville shows that political conflicts long assumed to foreshadow the events of 1776 were in fact fought out by factions who invoked competing visions of the king and appropriated royal rites rather than used abstract republican rights or pro-democratic proclamations. The American Revolution, McConville contends, emerged out of the fissure caused by the unstable mix of affective attachments to the king and a weak imperial government. Sure to provoke debate, The King's Three Faces offers a powerful counterthesis to dominant American historiography.
Creator of the bestselling The Brick Bible: A New Spin on the Old Testament and The Brick Bible: The New Testament, author Brendan Powell Smith offers a new take on American history. For more than a decade, Smith has honed his masterful work using LEGO(R) to re-create scenes from the Bible. Now, he turns his attention to unforgettable US presidential assassinations, both fatal and failed. Rediscover some of the most profound attacks that have occurred throughout US history involving the notorious assassinations on Abraham Lincoln, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy. But did you also know that Richard Paul Pavlick sought to assassinate President Kennedy in 1960, though at the last minute he suddenly changed his mind? Or, that an unknown assailant desperately tried to murder Lincoln just eight months before his fatal night at Ford's Theatre? In addition, Smith reveals failed murder attempts against such presidents as Gerald Ford, Richard Nixon, Bill Clinton, and most recently, the 2011 attempt against President Barack Obama. With over four hundred highly detailed illustrations, Smith captivates the authenticity of these assassinations (re-creating famous photographs and oral history) while simultaneously demonstrating a creative new medium. Whether a historian or a LEGO(R) enthusiast, readers of all ages will surely be enthralled with Brendan Powell Smith's latest brick creation!
The Boundaries of Australian Property Law offers a unique perspective on real property law in Australia. As the overwhelming majority of land interests in Australia now fall under the Torrens title system, this book's particular focus on the development and operation of the Torrens system in Australia is both timely and welcome. Addressing the prescribed Priestly 11 requirements for a property law subject in Australia, this informative and academically rigorous book includes carefully selected statutory material and case law from all Australian jurisdictions, as well as the United Kingdom. The general law system is also discussed and referred to where necessary, to give context and depth to the analysis of real property law. Written by prominent real property law academics from law schools around Australia, and edited by Hossein Esmaeili and Brendan Grigg, this text is a modern and much-needed addition to real property law literature.
You’ve heard of sacred places, writings, relics, and rituals, holy days and magical times of year. But these are actually representations of relationships that people have with each other and the elements of the world. Some of these relationships environmental: they involve landscapes, animals, and the streets of your home town. Some are personal, such as families, friends, and elders. Some are public, involving musicians, storytellers, medical doctors, and even soldiers. This book studies twenty-two relationships, from a variety of traditions, and shows their place in ‘the good life’. Yet these relations are always fragile, and threatened by fears, from the fear of loneliness, to the fear of the loss of personal or political freedom, to the fear of death. To escape from these fears, people often trap themselves into ways of life that are bad for everyone, including themselves. This book studies how that happens, and how to prevent it. More than beliefs, laws, and teachings, our relationships are the true basis of spirituality, and freedom.
This book provides groundbreaking evidence demonstrating how student-authored explanatory animations can embody and document learning as an exciting new development within digital pedagogy. Explanatory animations can be an excellent resource for teaching and learning but there has been an underlying assumption that students are predominately viewers rather than animation authors. The methodology detailed in this book reverses this scenario by putting students in the driver’s seat of their own learning. This signals not just a change in perspective, but a complete change in activity that, to continue the analogy, will forever change the conversation and make redundant phrases like “Are we there yet?” and “How much longer?” The digital nature of such practices provides compelling evidence for reconceptualising explanatory animation creation as a pedagogical activity that generates multimodal assessment data. Tying together related themes to advance approaches to evidence-based assessment using digital technologies, this book is intended for educators at any stage of their journey, including pre-service teachers.
What can critical social psychology teach us about our sense of identity? How have psychosocial and feminist approaches challenged our understanding of subjectivity? Where is this complex and fast-moving field heading? This new edition of Critical Social Psychology addresses these questions and more, providing important insight into social psychology. Thoroughly updated and revised, it clearly outlines approaches such as social constructionism and psychoanalysis, and explains how these ideas can illuminate topics like social influence and prejudice. The second edition of Critical Social Psychology: - Includes two new chapters on applied health psychology and applied work psychology - Uses 'critical thinking boxes' to demonstrate the practical application of theory and debates, helping you engage with the different ideas - Contains revised content including an expanded section on research methods, as well as enhanced coverage of action research and critical narrative approaches Guiding you through the key topics in social psychology and mapping the critical approaches onto each concept, Critical Social Psychology is essential reading for students of both psychology and other social sciences.
The Long War is a timely book, given the ongoing events taking place in Northern Ireland. It chronicles the very active history of the relationship among the IRA, Sinn Fein, and the British government from the early 1980s to today. The author has spoken with many of the participants on all sides and has included material that updates the book right up to the latest peace talks.
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