This book provides a theoretical foundation for the analysis of discrete data such as count and binary data in the longitudinal setup. Unlike the existing books, this book uses a class of auto-correlation structures to model the longitudinal correlations for the repeated discrete data that accommodates all possible Gaussian type auto-correlation models as special cases including the equi-correlation models. This new dynamic modelling approach is utilized to develop theoretically sound inference techniques such as the generalized quasi-likelihood (GQL) technique for consistent and efficient estimation of the underlying regression effects involved in the model, whereas the existing ‘working’ correlations based GEE (generalized estimating equations) approach has serious theoretical limitations both for consistent and efficient estimation, and the existing random effects based correlations approach is not suitable to model the longitudinal correlations. The book has exploited the random effects carefully only to model the correlations of the familial data. Subsequently, this book has modelled the correlations of the longitudinal data collected from the members of a large number of independent families by using the class of auto-correlation structures conditional on the random effects. The book also provides models and inferences for discrete longitudinal data in the adaptive clinical trial set up. The book is mathematically rigorous and provides details for the development of estimation approaches under selected familial and longitudinal models. Further, while the book provides special cares for mathematics behind the correlation models, it also presents the illustrations of the statistical analysis of various real life data. This book will be of interest to the researchers including graduate students in biostatistics and econometrics, among other applied statistics research areas. Brajendra Sutradhar is a University Research Professor at Memorial University in St. John’s, Canada. He is an elected member of the International Statistical Institute and a fellow of the American Statistical Association. He has published about 110 papers in statistics journals in the area of multivariate analysis, time series analysis including forecasting, sampling, survival analysis for correlated failure times, robust inferences in generalized linear mixed models with outliers, and generalized linear longitudinal mixed models with bio-statistical and econometric applications. He has served as an associate editor for six years for Canadian Journal of Statistics and for four years for the Journal of Environmental and Ecological Statistics. He has served for 3 years as a member of the advisory committee on statistical methods in Statistics Canada. Professor Sutradhar was awarded 2007 distinguished service award of Statistics Society of Canada for his many years of services to the society including his special services for society’s annual meetings.
Everyone has a goal in life and a reason to live for. But Vijay, a fighter pilot whose plane is hit and he himself seriously wonded during Indo-Pak war, has given up trying to survive. His pessimistic attitude towards life is due to the recollection of the traumatic encounter with someone during childhood gives him a reason to survive. What makes Vijay a pessimist? Which incident makes him change his mind? Was he able to save himself and his plane? An inspiring and thought provoking novel setup in the background of Indo-Pak war, which gives a reason for all of us to take life positively.
This is the first book in longitudinal categorical data analysis with parametric correlation models developed based on dynamic relationships among repeated categorical responses. This book is a natural generalization of the longitudinal binary data analysis to the multinomial data setup with more than two categories. Thus, unlike the existing books on cross-sectional categorical data analysis using log linear models, this book uses multinomial probability models both in cross-sectional and longitudinal setups. A theoretical foundation is provided for the analysis of univariate multinomial responses, by developing models systematically for the cases with no covariates as well as categorical covariates, both in cross-sectional and longitudinal setups. In the longitudinal setup, both stationary and non-stationary covariates are considered. These models have also been extended to the bivariate multinomial setup along with suitable covariates. For the inferences, the book uses the generalized quasi-likelihood as well as the exact likelihood approaches. The book is technically rigorous, and, it also presents illustrations of the statistical analysis of various real life data involving univariate multinomial responses both in cross-sectional and longitudinal setups. This book is written mainly for the graduate students and researchers in statistics and social sciences, among other applied statistics research areas. However, the rest of the book, specifically the chapters from 1 to 3, may also be used for a senior undergraduate course in statistics.
Proceedings from a 2016 sustainability symposium Information from REWAS 2016 proceedings were collected and published in REWAS 2016: Towards Materials Resource Sustainability. This collection covers the proceedings of the symposium sponsored by the Recycling and Environmental Technologies Committee; the Materials and Society Committee; the Extracting & Processing Division; and the Light Metals Division of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Topics covered include: enabling and understanding the sustainability related to ferrous and non-ferrous metals processing; batteries; rare earth element applications; and building materials. At REWAS 2016, materials professionals exchanged ideas with other researchers and stakeholders to outline a path toward a resource-efficient society.
The well being of the humans including animals depend upon very much on how the soil productivity is maintained without ecosystems degradation. Most likely soil can efficiently sustain humanity with food, fibre, feed to animals and clean environmental maintenance only when it is considered and managed from the holistic and ecosystem points of view. Plants need at least 16 essential elements for their normal growth and to complete their life. The soil testing provides the status of the nutrients determined in the laboratory for the application of appropriate rate of fertilizers to eliminate the nutrients limiting for production. The soil testing along with plant analysis gives the true status of plant nutrients affected by soil properties to take the proper care for the plant growth. Our available water resources are diminishing and getting polluted with excess use of fertilizers and pesticides which are ultimately affecting the environment, food produced and water quality. The purpose of this book 'Soil Testing and Analysis' is (i) to provide the vital plant nutrients functions for which soil testing is to be made; (ii) to determine the nutrient status of the soil with appropriate methods, measurements and criteria for interpreting those assessments; (iii) to analyze the appropriate parts of the plant samples for nutrient elements with available methods of analysis; (iv) to analyze the important water quality parameters with interpretations; and (v) to prepare the soil, plant and water samples for the analysis of pesticide residues with the different available methods. This is a comprehensive presentation of useful information for the scientific and technical personals involved in such types of analysis.
The number of objective questions: representing from vast canvas of agriculture runs into thousands thus covering a wide spectrum of subject matter. The book begins with general agriculture and almost covers exhaustive outlines of all the important facts. Any specific interest for furthering the knowledge is facilitated by twenty different sub subjects of agricultural sciences namely: Agriculture (General), Ecology, Plant Genetics Resources, Agricultural Meteorology, Farm Machinery Engineering, Soil Science, Agricultural Extension, Genetics, Soil Water Conservation Engineering, Agricultural Economics, ICT & Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Statistics, Agronomy, Microbiology, Watershed Engineering, Biotechnology, Nematology, Model and IARI Sample Papers, Breeding, Pathology, Entomology, Physiology, Environmental Science. The questions in the specific chapters range chapters from basics to some in-depth, conceptual questions. The questions have been further facilitated with answers being given at the same place. Finally there are model test papers to particularly address the concerns of examinees. The book is exhaustive and covers the entire gamut of examination pattern in agriculture and will prove to be a worthy companion for the examinees. The general coverage of the book will enable a reader to prepare for a vast range of syllabi and examinations. It is believed that the present book is very powerful in terms of its general exhaustively and also in terms of its subject selection.
Today, the market is of cut-throat competition. All the players in the market are focusing on expanding their empire at the cost of customer loyalty and brand establishment. The environment in which they operate is fast changing and includes both internal and external environment. Internal environment is affected by vision, mission, strategic policies and other internal mechanisms of the organization. On the other hand, external environment is affected by the factors that are beyond the control of business.
The book "yah Dhoop Tumhari Hai" is a collection of poems on various topics of life, society and environment. The book tries to express the human sentiments under the adverse condition of individual and social crcumstances in simple words and phrases used by common man. It depicts the dialogue between the man and nature through poetry in cotemporary form and style. The contents of book are also contemporary and mostly about the youth struggling with the challenges and opportunities of their time and space. The book describes mainly the life and society of Indian subcontinent in lucid words and verses where economical growth has created in equality and resulted in material and mental proverty as well among the down trodden. The neo rich class, a product of social and political developments has much conflicts and contradictions towards their ethical values creating the social embalance and turmoil which has given a ground to the writing of the book. This has been expressed in different words and meaning in the poems of the book. The book also describes the relation between man and nature where they share each other's happiness and sorrow. The land and river, the sun and moon, the stars and cloud, the wind and mountain, all converse with each other while living together. The poetries of this book make a record of these conversation where they symbolize the eternal love and affection with one and all.
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