Focusing on how rape, sexual assault, and harassment relate to underrepresentation of women in public authority, this book provides an insightful exploration of the policy context that impedes women's advancement to positions of power. The election of Donald Trump precipitated one of the largest outpourings of political protest on a single day in U.S. history with the 2017 March for Women. The emboldened #MeToo and #TimesUp movements reacted not only to the historical injustice of sexual offenses perpetrated upon women, but women's associated underrepresentation in positions of power and public authority. Women, Power, and Rape Culture examines the principal events, actors, and paradigms in the politics of rape, sexual assault, and harassment since Trump's election. Unlike other studies, it connects these traumatic events to women's underrepresentation in the public sphere. Chapters consider the power of presidential speech, judges, and Congress to create structural barriers to women's representation as well as the stultifying effects of weak college and university responses to sexual violence. Disparities in women's representation in positions of public authority are considered in light of the disproportionate burden imposed on women by a culture that discounts the prevalence of rape and harassment and by the policies that inadequately address them, allowing them to perpetuate.
James and Minnie face numerous challenges as they set out from their small village in Scotland to take on the task of homesteading on the Canadian Prairies. On board the ship they are subjected to many mishaps that cause Minnie to second guess their decision to leave the comforts of home and family. Fortunately, they are befriended by others who, facing uncertain futures in Europe, are in similar situations. They share mutual uncertainties that enable them to gain strength and reassurance from each other. While some incidents are based on fact, others are included to add to the novel’s uniqueness.
Caffeine is the world's most popular drug! Almost all of us start our day with a jolt of caffeine from coffee, tea or cola. And many of us crave chocolate when we're stressed or depressed. Without it we're lethargic, head-achy and miserable. Why? Why do we crave caffeine? How much do we really know about our number one drug of choice? Here is the first natural, cultural, and artistic history of our favorite mood enhancer--how it was discovered, its early uses, and the unexpected parts it has played in medicine, religion, painting, poetry, learning, and love. Weinberg and Bealer tell an intriguing story of a remarkable substance that has figured prominently in the exchanges of trade and intelligence among nations and whose most common sources, coffee, tea, and chocolate, have been both promoted as productive of health and creativity and banned as corrupters of the body and mind or subverters of social order. Some Highlights From the World of Caffeine Balzac's addiction to caffeine drove him to eat coffee, as some schizophrenic patients are observed to do today, and may have killed him Mary Tuke breaks the male monopoly on tea in England in 1725 The ways caffeine functions as a smart pill Goethe's responsibility for the discovery of caffeine Did a mini Ice Age help bring coffee, tea and chocolate to popularity in Europe? What is the mystery of coffee's origin? As good as gold: the stories of how caffeine, in its various forms, was used as cash in China, Africa, Central America and Egypt What does the civet cat have to do with the most costly coffee on earth today? The World of Caffeine is a captivating tale of art and society -- from India to Balzac to cybercafes -- and the ultimate caffeine resource.
Engage diverse learners in your classroom with culturally responsive instruction! This new edition covers standards-based, culturally responsive lesson planning and instruction, differentiated instruction, RTI, and the Common Core.
Just as the clothes we wear can communicate our personality and how we want to be perceived, so fashion can reflect the politics and preoccupations of the society that produced it. A Cultural History of Western Fashion guides you through the relationships between haute couture and ready-to-wear designer fashions, popular culture, big business, high-tech production, as well as traditional and social media. Exploring fashion's interdisciplinary nature, English and Munroe also highlight the parallel evolution of clothing design and the other visual arts over the last 150 years. This new edition includes expanded coverage of the build up to the First World War and brings this classic text up to date. There is also a new chapter on smart textiles and technology, exploring the work of Hussein Chalayan and Iris Van Herpen among others, and expanded coverage of the role of sustainability in the contemporary fashion industry, including biosynthetic textile production and Stella McCartney's use of vegan leather.
Proposing that Samuel Richardson's novels were crucial for the construction of female individuality in the mid-eighteenth century, Bonnie Latimer shows that Richardson's heroines are uniquely conceived as individuals who embody the agency and self-determination implied by that term. In addition to placing Richardson within the context of his own culture, recouping for contemporary readers the influence of Grandison on later writers, including Maria Edgeworth, Sarah Scott, and Mary Wollstonecraft, is central to her study. Latimer argues that Grandison has been unfairly marginalised in favor of Clarissa and Pamela, and suggests that a rigorous rereading of the novel not only provides a basis for reassessing significant aspects of Richardson's fictional oeuvre, but also has implications for fresh thinking about the eighteenth-century novel. Latimer's study is not a specialist study of Grandison but rather a reconsideration of Richardson's novelistic canon that places Grandison at its centre as Richardson's final word on his re-envisioning of the gendered self.
This new edition of a bestselling textbook is designed for students, scholars, and anyone interested in 20th century fashion history. Accessibly written and well illustrated, the book outlines the social and cultural history of fashion thematically, and contains a wide range of global case studies on key designers, styles, movements and events. The new edition has been revised and expanded: there are new sections on eco-fashion, fashion and the museum, major changes in the fashion market in the 21st century (including the impact of new media and retailing networks), new technologies, fashion weeks, the rise of asian fashion centers and more. There are twice as many illustrations. In its second edition, A Cultural History of Fashion in the 20th and 21st Centuries is the ideal introductory text for all students of fashion.
Build your cultural literacy while inspiring deep, thoughtful, unbiased thinking in students. Discover a six-step framework for becoming culturally literate that complements the Common Core and encourages students to be at the center of learning. Explore how to develop teacher-student relationships, engage in collaborative conversations, and encourage feedback to give voice to the increasingly diverse student body found in today’s classrooms
Everyone knows the battles of the Civil War, with their generals and their soldiers. But few people living today know the story of Mary “Mother” Bickerdyke, a hero in her time. Mother: The Life of Mary Bickerdyke is the story of a woman who revolutionized the healing process. Mary travelled the width and breadth of America, working in hospitals, asylums, prisons, missions, houses of the poor...and at many a battlefield. She is most often recognized for her work during the American Civil War, but her loving toil occurred throughout her long life. Mary helped soldiers and generals, paupers and farmers, orphans and amputees. She loved her country and its people, and gave up a life of ease to care for others. As Mary Livermore once wrote, the good woman “lived a grand, good life, packed with noble deeds wrought for others.” Now, her astounding history has been captured for the modern reader in Mother: The Life of Mary Bickerdyke.
Bonnie Sachatello-Sawyer and her co-authors have taken an important study and turned it into an intriguing, readable, and practical book. Adult learners provide a unique opportunity for museum educators. But what are adult learners looking for? What motivates them to take a class or attend a museum-sponsored activity? What do planners and instructors need to know to maximize the experience for participants? The authors analyzed a wide variety of programs from the perspective of planners, instructors, and participants. They discovered what works and what doesn't, and they've distilled this knowledge into twelve basic steps you can use to design truly meaningful experiences for your museum's adult programs. Visit the authors' web page
Women’s reproduction, including conception, pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and other physical acts of motherhood (as well as the rejection of those roles), played a critical role in the evolution and management of Cuba’s population. While existing scholarship has approached Cuba’s demographic history through the lens of migration, both forced and voluntary, Race and Reproduction in Cuba challenges this male-normative perspective by centering women in the first book-length history of reproduction in Cuba. Bonnie A. Lucero traces women’s reproductive lives, as well as key medical, legal, and institutional interventions influencing them, over four centuries. Her study begins in the early colonial period with the emergence of the island’s first charitable institutions dedicated to relieving poor women and abandoned white infants. The book’s centerpiece is the long nineteenth century, when elite interventions in women’s reproduction hinged not only on race but also legal status. It ends in 1965 when Cuba’s nascent revolutionary government shifted away from enforcing antiabortion laws that had historically targeted impoverished women of color. Questioning how elite demographic desires—specifically white population growth and nonwhite population management—shaped women’s reproduction, Lucero argues that elite men, including judges, physicians, philanthropists, and public officials, intervened in women’s reproductive lives in racially specific ways. Lucero examines how white supremacy shaped tangible differences in the treatment of women and their infants across racial lines and outlines how those reproductive outcomes were crucial in sustaining racial hierarchies through moments of tremendous political, economic, and social change.
Spending a year as teachers at one of the poorest elementary schools in Louisiana, the authors witnessed first hand the damages of the standards and accountability measures forced on poor children. They present their story in journal form, demonstrating how the poverty of the children, the lack of resources of the schools, the demoralization of teachers, and the imposition of the accountability "reforms" are some of the prime factors for the failure of American education. They offer advice for some real reform that would focus on the economic inequality of school districts.
A study of North Norway and Atlantic Canada, two regions experiencing severe crisis due to over-exploitation of fishing resources. The book examines the implications of common market integration, privatized resource management, and small business development policies for fishery dependent communities. 30 illustrations.
Madison, Georgia was a hoppin' place while it hosted three (and later a fourth) Confederate hospitals during the eight months before their final retreat in July 1864. Every few days the train depot was a flurry of activity as surgeons, attendants, and locals unloaded hundreds of sick and wounded soldiers fresh from the battles in Tennessee and North Georgia. Most of the records of their care were saved by the Director of Hospitals of the Army of Tennessee and then ferreted out 140 years later by the author from collections scattered across many states. This book includes verbatim transcriptions of those documents, the subsequent hospital histories, surgeon biographies, and thousands of names in hundreds of regiments.
A paradigm-shifting approach to treating mental disorders like anxiety, depression, and ADHD with food and nutrients, by two leading scientists who share their original, groundbreaking research with readers everywhere for the first time.
God Has a Purpose for You, Daughter of the King! Do you struggle with feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, and worthlessness? Do you ever ask yourself: Am I worth anything? Is it wrong to be an introvert? How do I deal with my broken past? Don’t think you’re alone. Millions of others have faced the same battles you do—and have overcome them. They’ve been victorious by learning to see themselves as God sees them—as unique individuals ready to make a special contribution in the world. They’ve come to understand that they were Created for a Purpose. And so were you. That’s the message of this devotional: God made you, loves you, and has a plan for your life. Take that message to heart, then read on and be inspired as you come to know God’s ultimate purpose—to create eternal beauty in your life.
Some fires still burn when star-crossed lovers reunite… When a dangerous mission leads him deep into the jungles of Honduras, Navy SEAL Sam Shaymore is confronted with his fiery past in the form of Kelly Denning. Once their romance had been forbidden because of class differences. Then a tragedy drove them apart. But the minute he looks into her eyes, Sam knows he's never forgotten the sultry kisses and luscious curves of the beautiful Enchanter Mage. Nor can he turn his back on helping her. Sam's unit has been charged with arresting Kelly. But if he can believe her, Kelly needs his help now to save some kidnapped Mage children and to stop a conspiracy with far-reaching implications. Threatened with being kicked off his SEAL unit if he does not follow his orders, Sam must risk everything…even his heart!
The first book to focus on evidence-based social work practice with low-income women This one-of-a-kind book presents evidence-based coverage of the assessment and treatment of the most common mental health disorders among women, particularly low-income women. For each disorder— depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma (including sexual abuse), generalized anxiety disorder, substance use disorder, and borderline personality disorder—the authors include assessment instruments and detailed case examples that illustrate the assessment and treatment recommendations.
This book weaves together theory, research, and practical information related to the psychological aspects of physical education. Unlike other exercise/sport psychology books on the market, The Psychology of Teaching Physical Education is written especially for future and practicing physical educators and focuses on the psychological principles and strategies that are most relevant to them. The book covers the important topics of motivation, reinforcement, feedback, modeling, prosocial behaviors/moral development, and self-perception. In each chapter, narratives about real practicing teachers show how they apply the principles and theories of psychology to physical education, and particularly to actual situations that readers are likely to encounter professionally. Each chapter contains three main sections: following an opening scenario in which Blankenship captures the reader's attention with a real-life problem, the author then (1) highlights theories related to the subject matter of the chapter, (2) summarizes the research that has been conducted on the theories and the chapter topic, and (3) gives examples of practical applications of the theory and research to physical education. Throughout the chapter, as the theory, research, and application of the topic are discussed, Blankenship presents possible solutions to the challenge presented in the chapter-opening vignette. The classroom applications and real-world examples are relevant to many different physical education settings, including those at the elementary, middle, and high school levels, in both urban and rural schools representing various geographical regions of the country. These examples bring the theories to life and help readers envision how their own classes will benefit as they apply what theyíve learned about the psychology of teaching physical education. Key Features of the Book A theory-to-research-to-practice approach. An author whose background in both sport psychology and physical education makes her uniquely qualified to write this book. Chapter-ending application exercises that encourage readers to go beyond rote memorization of concepts and principles to apply what they learned in various specific examples. Sample instructional models and guidelines to enable readers to incorporate concepts discussed in the chapter into their own classes. A comprehensive glossary.
An authoritative and detailed illustration of the state of journalistic practice in the United States today, The American Journalist in the 21st Century sheds light on the demographic and educational backgrounds, working conditions, and professional and ethical values of print, broadcast, and Internet journalists at the beginning of the 21st century. Providing results from telephone surveys of nearly 1,500 U.S. journalists working in a variety of media outlets, this volume updates the findings published in the earlier report, The American Journalist in the 1990s, and reflects the continued evolution of journalistic practice and professionalism. The scope of material included here is extensive and inclusive, representing numerous facets of journalistic practice and professionalism, and featuring separate analyses for women, minority, and online journalists. Many findings are set in context and compared with previous major studies of U.S. journalists conducted in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. Serving as a detailed snapshot of current journalistic practice, The American Journalist in the 21st Century offers an intriguing and enlightening profile of professional journalists today, and it will be of great interest and value to working journalists, journalism educators, media managers, journalism students, and others seeking insights into the current state of the journalism profession.
Winnipeg was Canada's first important city in the west and was the supply point for other prairie cities like Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton, and even far-off Vancouver. It exploded from a village of 2,700 people in 1877 to a fully modern metropolis of 100,000 in just thirty years and by then had a university, newspapers, publishing firms, a major theatre, and a vibrant mass of immigrants who flooded in to open up the West. Growing Winnipeg was served with paddle-wheelers on the Red River, Red River ox carts, a Canadian-owned railway to St. Paul, Minnesota, and finally the CPR linking Montreal with the west coast. A Winnipeg Album is a pictorial impression of Winnipeg's colourful, dramatic, and relatively brief history, compiled and with commentary by John David Hamilton and Bonnie Dickie. Over one hundred stunning black-and-white photographs record the early days of the city and trace some of the dramatic events that made Winnipeg "Canada's Chicago.
The universe of electronic resources is indeed diverse, expansive, intimidating, and unstructured compared to the finite, prepackaged print world upon which the information delivery infrastructure has been constructed. Electronic Resources: Selection and Bibliographic Control addresses the resultant concerns of information professionals as they struggle to define, select, and control electronic resources in libraries and information centers today. This book offers readers an overview of issues and provides a common ground for deliberations and decisionmaking. Librarians and students concerned with the Internet and related issues will appreciate the broad scope and in-depth discussions in Electronic Resources: Selection and Bibliographic Control. From both conceptual and pragmatic standpoints, this book enlightens the reader on such topics as: Internet resources the relationship between OPAC and Internet Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) versus USMARC Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Core Language and the Information Bus Dublin Core Metadata as a discovery/retrieval tool decision-making matrix model e-texts and e-theses digital materials and digital librariesThis book also gives the reader an inside look at a number of specific emerging projects from around the world. Highlighted here are the CATRIONA project from the U.K.--designing an Internet discovery and retrieval system; the ALCUIN project--using traditional infrastructure to handle Internet resources; the Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities (CETH) and the Electronic Text Center at the University of Virginia; the OCLC Internet Cataloging project; and the National Digital Library Program (NDLP), Encoded Archival Description (EAD), and electronic CIP projects at the Library of Congress.Electronic Resources: Selection and Bibliographic Control clearly illustrates the evolving role of librarian fro
In this delightful collection, you'll find more than 30 Russian tales—animal tales, fairy tales, tales of everyday life, and tales of spirits and the supernatural. You'll discover new renditions of familiar and beloved tales, as well as a number of obscure spirit tales, which were officially ignored by the Soviets. There are tales for all ages and tastes—funny stories, scary stories, and stories to make you think. In addition you'll find a fascinating overview of the country and its history, activity ideas and recipes, color photographs, and a list of recommended reading. An outstanding resource for educators, storytellers, and general readers, this is an essential addition to the folklore shelf in school and public libraries. Grades K-12.
Bonnie Schwartz lays out simple, researched and practice proven approaches that a parent can do to promote literacy in the home and encourage children to explore the great adventures to be found in books. The first step in fostering literacy and good reading strategies in the home is to learn a little bit about how language is acquired and how this affects the development of reading. The purpose of this book is to expose parents to these processes and build a knowledge base of basic games, activities, and strategies parents can easily use at home to foster reading development.
Women in World History brings together the most recent scholarship in women's and world history in a single volume covering the period from 1450 to the present, enabling readers to understand women's relationship to world developments over the past five hundred years. Women have served the world as unfree people, often forced to migrate as slaves, trafficked sex workers, and indentured laborers working off debts. Diseases have migrated through women's bodies and women themselves have deliberately spread religious belief and fervor as well as ideas. They have been global authors, soldiers, and astronauts encircling the globe and moving far beyond it. They have written classics in political and social thought and crafted literary and artistic works alongside others who were revolutionaries and reform-minded activists. Historical scholarship has shown that there is virtually no part of the world where women's presence is not manifest, whether in archives, oral testimonials, personal papers, the material record, evidence of disease and famine, myth and religious teachings, and myriad other forms of documentation. As these studies mount, the idea of surveying women's past on a global basis becomes daunting. This book aims to redress this situation and offer a synthetic world history of women in modern times.
The U.S. healthcare system is now spending many millions of dollars to improve "patient safety" and "inter-professional practice." Nevertheless, an estimated 100,000 patients still succumb to preventable medical errors or infections every year. How can health care providers reduce the terrible financial and human toll of medical errors and injuries that harm rather than heal? Beyond the Checklist argues that lives could be saved and patient care enhanced by adapting the relevant lessons of aviation safety and teamwork. In response to a series of human-error caused crashes, the airline industry developed the system of job training and information sharing known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). Under the new industry-wide system of CRM, pilots, flight attendants, and ground crews now communicate and cooperate in ways that have greatly reduced the hazards of commercial air travel. The coauthors of this book sought out the aviation professionals who made this transformation possible. Beyond the Checklist gives us an inside look at CRM training and shows how airline staff interaction that once suffered from the same dysfunction that too often undermines real teamwork in health care today has dramatically improved. Drawing on the experience of doctors, nurses, medical educators, and administrators, this book demonstrates how CRM can be adapted, more widely and effectively, to health care delivery. The authors provide case studies of three institutions that have successfully incorporated CRM-like principles into the fabric of their clinical culture by embracing practices that promote common patient safety knowledge and skills.They infuse this study with their own diverse experience and collaborative spirit: Patrick Mendenhall is a commercial airline pilot who teaches CRM; Suzanne Gordon is a nationally known health care journalist, training consultant, and speaker on issues related to nursing; and Bonnie Blair O'Connor is an ethnographer and medical educator who has spent more than two decades observing medical training and teamwork from the inside.
Journey with Bonnie as she shares insights, ideas, and stories of how connecting with ourselves, with others, and with the world creates lasting value. JOY exists when we support and honor each other and when we feel connected to those whose lives touch our own.
As someone who has worked both as a broadcast reporter and a network executive, Anderson has seen the good, the bad, and the ugly in the industry. Using investigative reporting and personal memoir, she now chronicles the decline of television journalism into infotainment.
Unintentional injuries, including car crashes, drowning, burns, poisoning, and suffocation, are a leading cause of death to young children. Child abuse, infectious diseases, and food poisoning also affect children under five. This bibliography provides information useful to those who care for young children, who are doing research on how to prevent injuries, or who supervise or train people who care for children either in child care or home settings. The volume is organized by types of injuries, and each section includes references providing information about prevalence, risk factors, specific hazards, and prevention techniques for the the injury area. Unintentional injuries, including car crashes, drowning, burns, poisoning, and suffocation, are a leading cause of death to young children. Child abuse, infectious diseases, and food poisoning also affect children under five. This bibliography provides information useful to those who care for young children, who are doing research on how to prevent injuries, or who supervise or train people who care for children either in child care or home settings. The volume is organized by types of injuries, and each section includes references providing information about prevalence, risk factors, specific hazards, and prevention techniques for the injury area. The opening chapter of the book includes references that address injury prevention in general or more than one injury class as well as curriculum guides and other training materials addressing more than one injury class. The remaining chapters address individual injury classes. Each chapter opens with a summary of findings related to the injury prevention topic.
While much has been written about the role of caregiving for the elderly and chronically ill and for children with special needs, little is known about "military caregivers" -- the population of those who care for wounded, ill, and injured military personnel and veterans. These caregivers play an essential role in caring for injured or wounded service members and veterans. This enables those for whom they are caring to live better quality lives, and can result in faster and improved rehabilitation and recovery. Yet playing this role can impose a substantial physical, emotional, and financial toll on caregivers. This report summarizes the results of a study designed to describe the magnitude of military caregiving in the United States today, as well as to identify gaps in the array of programs, policies, and initiatives designed to support military caregivers. Improving military caregivers' well-being and ensuring their continued ability to provide care will require multifaceted approaches to reducing the current burdens caregiving may impose, and bolstering their ability to serve as caregivers more effectively. Given the systematic differences among military caregiver groups, it is also important that tailored approaches meet the unique needs and characteristics of post-9/11 caregivers."--Abstract.
Over the past 40 years, Japanese designers have led the way in aligning fashion with art and ideology, as well as addressing identity and social politics through dress. They have demonstrated that both creative and commercial enterprise is possible in today's international fashion industry, and have refused to compromise their ideals, remaining autonomous and independent in their design, business affairs and distribution methods. The inspirational Miyake, Yamamoto and Kawakubo have gained worldwide respect and admiration and have influenced a generation of designers and artists alike. Based on twelve years of research, this book provides a richly detailed and uniquely comprehensive view of the work of these three key designers. It outlines their major contributions and the subsequent impact that their work has had upon the next generation of fashion and textile designers around the world. Designers discussed include: Issey Miyake, Yohji Yamamoto, Rei Kawakubo, Naoki Takizawa, Dai Fujiwara, Junya Watanabe, Tao Kurihara, Jun Takahashi, Yoshiki Hishinuma, Junichi Arai, Reiko Sudo & the Nuno Corporation, Makiko Minagawa, Hiroshi Matsushita, Martin Margiela, Ann Demeulemeester, Dries Van Noten, Walter Beirendonck, Dirk Bikkembergs, Alexander McQueen, Hussein Chalayan and Helmut Lang.
The straightforward, concise, and easy-to-read reference manual which is equivalent to having the best instructor offering guidance on what to do next and how to avoid potential complications is now available in an updated Second Edition. Essentials of Cataract Surgery, Second Edition comprehensively details every step of phacoemulsification cataract extraction surgery, from preoperative evaluation to intraoperative instruction to postoperative care. The basic elements of cataract surgery are presented in a clear and easy-to-read format. Dr. Bonnie An Henderson brings together advice and teaching techniques from the Harvard Intensive Cataract Surgical Training Conference at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. The book provides both beginning and practicing surgeons with personal tips and expert advice from leading cataract mentors of top US ophthalmology residency programs. Inside Essentials of Cataract Surgery, Second Edition are detailed chapters covering fluidics, IOL calculations and design, capsular complications and management, and the latest phaco technology, including femtosecond cataract surgery. Each chapter contains a summary box, highlighting the key points of each topic discussed. Additionally, the included images, diagrams, photographs, and tables enhance understanding of specific topics. With detailed information and expert pearls in a user-friendly format, Essentials of Cataract Surgery, Second Edition is perfect for residents, fellows, medical students, and practicing ophthalmologists looking to improve their surgical techniques.
Class action lawsuits--allowing one or a few plaintiffs to represent many who seek redress--have long been controversial. The current controversy, centered on lawsuits for money damages, is characterized by sharp disagreement among stakeholders about the kinds of suits being filed, whether plaintiffs' claims are meritorious, and whether resolutions to class actions are fair or socially desirable. Ultimately, these concerns lead many to wonder, Are class actions worth their costs to society and to business? Do they do more harm than good? To describe the landscape of current damage class action litigation, elucidate problems, and identify solutions, the RAND Institute for Civil Justice conducted a study using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The researchers concluded that the controversy over damage class actions has proven intractable because it implicates deeply held but sharply contested ideological views among stakeholders. Nevertheless, many of the political antagonists agree that class action practices merit improvement. The authors argue that both practices and outcomes could be substantially improved if more judges would supervise class action litigation more actively and scrutinize proposed settlements and fee awards more carefully. Educating and empowering judges to take more responsibility for case outcomes--and ensuring that they have the resources to do so--can help the civil justice system achieve a better balance between the public goals of class actions and the private interests that drive them.
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