Board on Life Science's Books

Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences

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Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences

Traditionally, the natural sciences have been divided into two branches: the biological sciences and the physical sciences. Today, an increasing number of scientists are addressing problems lying at the intersection of the two. These problems are most often biological in nature, but examining them through the lens of the physical sciences can yield exciting results and opportunities. For example, one area producing effective cross-discipline research opportunities centers on the dynamics of systems. Equilibrium, multistability, and stochastic behavior-concepts familiar to physicists and chemists-are now being used to tackle issues associated with living systems such as adaptation, feedback, and emergent behavior. Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences discusses how some of the most important scientific and societal challenges can be addressed, at least in part, by collaborative research that lies at the intersection of traditional disciplines, including biology, chemistry, and physics. This book describes how some of the mysteries of the biological world are being addressed using tools and techniques developed in the physical sciences, and identifies five areas of potentially transformative research. Work in these areas would have significant impact in both research and society at large by expanding our understanding of the physical world and by revealing new opportunities for advancing public health, technology, and stewardship of the environment. This book recommends several ways to accelerate such cross-discipline research. Many of these recommendations are directed toward those administering the faculties and resources of our great research institutions-and the stewards of our research funders, making this book an excellent resource for academic and research institutions, scientists, universities, and federal and private funding agencies.

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122

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309147514

ISBN 13

9780309147514

Life Sciences and Related Fields

Trends Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention

By: International Union of Microbiological Societies,International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,IAPâ¬"The Global Network of Science Academies,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention: An International Workshop

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Life Sciences and Related Fields

Trends Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention

During the last decade, national and international scientific organizations have become increasingly engaged in considering how to respond to the biosecurity implications of developments in the life sciences and in assessing trends in science and technology (S&T) relevant to biological and chemical weapons nonproliferation. The latest example is an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention, held October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. Life Sciences and Related Fields summarizes the workshop, plenary, and breakout discussion sessions held during this convention. Given the immense diversity of current research and development, the report is only able to provide an overview of the areas of science and technology the committee believes are potentially relevant to the future of the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention (BWC), although there is an effort to identify areas that seemed particularly ripe for further exploration and analysis. The report offers findings and conclusions organized around three fundamental and frequently cited trends in S&T that affect the scope and operation of the convention: The rapid pace of change in the life sciences and related fields; The increasing diffusion of life sciences research capacity and its applications, both internationally and beyond traditional research institutions; and The extent to which additional scientific and technical disciplines beyond biology are increasingly involved in life sciences research. The report does not make recommendations about policy options to respond to the implications of the identified trends. The choice of such responses rests with the 164 States Parties to the Convention, who must take into account multiple factors beyond the project's focus on the state of the science.

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164

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309210712

ISBN 13

9780309210713

Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential

An International Faculty Development Project on Education About the Responsible Conduct of Science

By: Bibliotheca Alexandrina,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Developing a Framework for an International Faculty Development Project on Education about Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential

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Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential

An International Faculty Development Project on Education About the Responsible Conduct of Science

In many countries, colleges and universities are where the majority of innovative research is done; in all cases, they are where future scientists receive both their initial training and their initial introduction to the norms of scientific conduct regardless of their eventual career paths. Thus, institutions of higher education are particularly relevant to the tasks of education on research with dual use potential, whether for faculty, postdoctoral researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, or technical staff. Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential describes the outcomes of the planning meeting for a two-year project to develop a network of faculty who will be able to teach the challenges of research in the life sciences with dual use potential. Faculty will be able to incorporate such concepts into their teaching and research through exposure to the tenets of responsible conduct of research in active learning teaching methods. This report is intended to provide guidelines for that effort and to be applicable to any country wishing to adopt this educational model that combines principles of active learning and training with attention to norms of responsible science. The potential audiences include a broad array of current and future scientists and the policymakers who develop laws and regulations around issues of dual use.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030922120X

ISBN 13

9780309221207

Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

Advancing Global Consensus on Research Oversight: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences

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Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

Advancing Global Consensus on Research Oversight: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences

Continuing advances in science and technology offer the promise of providing tools to meet global challenges in health, agriculture, the environment, and economic development; some of the benefits are already being realized. However, such advances have the potential to challenge the oversight systems for responsible conduct of life sciences research with dual use potential â€" research that may have beneficial applications but that also could be misused to cause harm. Between June 10 and 13, 2018, more than 70 participants from 30 different countries and 5 international organizations took part in an international workshop, The Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences: Advancing Global Consensus on Research Oversight, to promote global dialogue and increased common understandings of the essential elements of governance for such research. Hosted by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, Croatia, the workshop was a collaboration among the InterAcademy Partnership, the Croatian Academy, the Croatian Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity, and the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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211

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309477999

ISBN 13

9780309477994

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats

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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

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317

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309100321

ISBN 13

9780309100328

Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society

Does the Public Trust Science? A Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences

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Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society

Does the Public Trust Science? A Workshop Summary

Does the public trust science? Scientists? Scientific organizations? What roles do trust and the lack of trust play in public debates about how science can be used to address such societal concerns as childhood vaccination, cancer screening, and a warming planet? What could happen if social trust in science or scientists faded? These types of questions led the Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a 2-day workshop on May 5-6, 2015 on public trust in science. This report explores empirical evidence on public opinion and attitudes toward life sciences as they relate to societal issues, whether and how contentious debate about select life science topics mediates trust, and the roles that scientists, business, media, community groups, and other stakeholders play in creating and maintaining public confidence in life sciences. Does the Public Trust Science? Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society highlights research on the elements of trust and how to build, mend, or maintain trust; and examine best practices in the context of scientist engagement with lay audiences around social issues.

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118

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309377951

ISBN 13

9780309377959

The Human Exploration of Space

By: Committee on Human Exploration,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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The Human Exploration of Space

By: Committee on Human Exploration,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

During 1988, the National Research Council's Space Science Board reorganized itself to more effectively address NASA's advisory needs. The Board's scope was broadened: it was renamed the Space Studies Board and, among other new initiatives, the Committee on Human Exploration was created. The new committee was intended to focus on the scientific aspects of human exploration programs, rather than engineering issues. Their research led to three reports: Scientific Prerequisites for the Human Exploration of Space published in 1993, Scientific Opportunities in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1994, and Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1997. These three reports are collected and reprinted in this volume in their entirety as originally published.

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174

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309591716

ISBN 13

9780309591713

Life Sciences

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Science Board,Task Group on Life Sciences

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Life Sciences

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Science Board,Task Group on Life Sciences

Early in 1984, NASA asked the Space Science Board to undertake a study to determine the principal scientific issues that the disciplines of space science would face during the period from about 1995 to 2015. The findings of this study are published in this volume.

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Page Count

154

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038804

ISBN 13

9780309038805

Book's by Board on Life Science

Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences

Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences

Life Sciences and Related Fields

Life Sciences and Related Fields

Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential

Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential

Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society

Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society

The Human Exploration of Space

The Human Exploration of Space

Life Sciences

Life Sciences

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