Referencing more than 40 ancient works as well as 70 books and papers of contemporary scholars, this book opens up the civilization, society, culture and communication of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang period represented unprecedented prosperity in the ancient world. Combining the socio-cultural background of ancient China and academic achievements of modern times, this book presents an intensive and in-depth exploration of the communicative organisations, methods and ideas of that period. The book looks at Tang methods of communication, from the postal delivery system and first newspaper to military communication in times of peace and war. It also considers questions of literature, poetry and public space as well as the impact of folk culture and communication on the Tang Dynasty, and examines the intellectual atmosphere of the time and debates surrounding freedom of speech and thought, positioning the Tang Dynasty as the end of the classic world and the beginning of modern society.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge approaches for decision-making in hierarchical organizations. It presents soft-computing-based techniques, including fuzzy sets, neural networks, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization, and shows how these approaches can be effectively used to deal with problems typical of this kind of organization. After introducing the main classical approaches applied to multiple-level programming, the book describes a set of soft-computing techniques, demonstrating their advantages in providing more efficient solutions to hierarchical decision-making problems compared to the classical methods. Based on the book Fuzzy and Multi-Level Decision Making (Springer, 2001) by Lee E.S and Shih, H., this second edition has been expanded to include the most recent findings and methods and a broader spectrum of soft computing approaches. All the algorithms are presented in detail, together with a wealth of practical examples and solutions to real-world problems, providing students, researchers and professionals with a timely, practice-oriented reference guide to the area of interactive fuzzy decision making, multi-level programming and hierarchical optimization.
This book provides an overview of electronic and optical properties of graphite-related systems. It presents a well-developed and up-to-date theoretical model and addresses important advances in essential properties and diverse quantization phenomena. Key features include various Hamiltonian models, dimension-enriched carbon-related systems, complete and unusual results, detailed comparisons with the experimental measurements, clear physical pictures, and further generalizations to other emergent 2D materials. It also covers potential applications, such as touch-screen panel devices, FETs, supercapacitors, sensors, LEDs, solar cells, photodetectors, and photomodulators.
Few social issues have received more public attention and scholarly debate than the death penalty. While the abolitionist movement has made a successful stride in recent decades, a small number of countries remain committed to the death penalty and impose it with a relatively high frequency. In this regard, the People’s Republic of China no doubt leads the world in both numbers of death sentences and executions. Despite being the largest user of the death penalty, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward capital punishment, while claiming “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use. Based on a content analysis of 38,512 comments collected from 63 cases in 2015, this study examines the diversity and rationales of netizens’ opinions of and interactions with China’s criminal justice system. In addition, the book discusses China’s social, systemic, and structural problems and critically examines the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Habermas’s communicative rationality framework. Readers will be able to contextualize Chinese netizens’ discussions and draw conclusions about commonalities and uniqueness of China’s death penalty practice.
This book presents the application of system analysis techniques with case studies to help readers learn how the techniques can be applied, how the problems are solved, and which sustainable management strategies can be reached.
This book provides a detailed analysis of China's foreign policy towards the Gulf and Arabian peninsula region from the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the end of the 20th century. Based on extensive original research, it looks at the relations between China and each of the countries of the region over the entire period. It demonstrates that two key factors have shaped China's foreign policy with the region - China's relations with the United States and the Soviet Union, and China's drive to increase its economic ties with the countries of the region, especially after becoming a net importer of oil in the early 1990s.
Scholars have analyzed Chinese society in the light of contemporary Western social and natural sciences for centuries. This compact volume turns the tables and opens tantalizing new perspectives on the American civilization by examining it through the lens of ancient Confucianism. The current work invites Americans to step through the looking glass -- backwards, this time -- and view ourselves from a Confucian perspective. In his analysis, Zhang draws together references to the I Ching, Leibniz, Tocqueville, Lipset and Aristotle, a judicious few statistics such as crime rate and economic growth, and the lions of Chinese philosophy. Chapter 1: The American Civilization and Ancient Confucianism in Open Society Chapter 2: "All Men Are Created Equal" Versus All Men Are Born Equal Chapter 3: Democracy and Law Chapter 4: Education and Knowledge Chapter 5: Economic Freedom and Development Chapter 6: The American Universalism and Rational Civilizations in the Future
The assumption still made in much social science research that Europe provides a universal model of development is fundamentally mistaken, according to R. Bin Wong. The solution is not, however, simply to reject Eurocentric norms but to build complementary perspectives, such as a Sinocentric one, to evaluate current understandings of European developments. A genuinely comparative perspective, he argues, will free China from wrong expectations and will allow those working on European problems to recognize the distinct character of Western development.
Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors A systematic and complete discussion of the latest progress in flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting and sensing technologies In Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of the design methods, working mechanisms, microfabrication processes, and applications of flexible energy harvesters for wearable and implantable devices. The book discusses the monitoring of normal force, shear force, strain, and displacement in flexible sensors, as well as relevant artificial intelligence algorithms. Readers will also find an overview of design and research challenges facing professionals in the field, as well as a variety of perspectives on flexible energy harvesters and sensors. With an extensive focus on the use of flexible piezoelectric material technologies for medical applications, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors also includes: A thorough introduction to the working principles of piezoelectric devices, including discussions of flexible PEH and piezoelectric sensors Comprehensive treatments of the design of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including the challenges associated with their structural design Fulsome explanations of the fabrication of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including piezoelectric ceramic thin and think films In-depth treatments of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters, including optimized cantilever, bimorph, and optimized bimorph PEH Perfect for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and solid-state physicists, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors will also earn a place in the libraries of sensor developers, and surface physicists.
This textbook emphasizes a diversity of values from different cultures, religions, and geographical locations. The book is designed to assist students, computing professionals, and faculty members to act in a more professional and ethical manner. Compelling case studies, ethical reasoning, and cultural perspectives will be included throughout the book, and the authors will apply lessons learned over many years of intense involvement in computing ethics. The text is appropriate either as a main text in a stand-alone ethics course or as a supplementary text for other related courses.
This remarkable book brings to an English-speaking audience detailed scholarship originally conceived and written in the Malay language and with a Malay perspective. It examines the nature of monarchy in the Malay world, which includes present-day Malaysia and Indonesia, before and during the onset of Western colonialism when the Malay world was ruled by a large number of separate Muslim sultanates. It highlights that monarchs were the highest authority in the social, political, legal and economic system, rather than the government of a clearly defined territory; the notion of Dewaraja (god-king) and what a model monarch’s attributes should be; and how the monarch’s role related to Islamic principles, including the Islamic ideal of the Caliph of God meting out fair judgement and punishment. Two prominent and pivotal concepts of traditional Malay society, that of daulat (sovereignty) and derhaka (disloyalty) are here analysed and evaluated against the background of the period of absolute monarchy. Moreover, this volume also discusses the parts played by leading ministers and viziers, who often exercised enormous power, explores the role of monarchs in managing and regulating economic activity, and outlines differences between the different sultanates.
Graphene for Post-Moore Silicon Optoelectronics Provides timely coverage of an important research area that is highly relevant to advanced detection and control technology Projecting device performance beyond the scaling limits of Moore’s law requires technologies based on novel materials and device architecture. Due to its excellent electronic, thermal, and optical properties, graphene has emerged as a scalable, low-cost material with enormous integration possibilities for numerous optoelectronic applications. Graphene for Post-Moore Silicon Optoelectronics presents an up-to-date overview of the fundamentals, applications, challenges, and opportunities of integrating graphene and other 2D materials with silicon (Si) technologies. With an emphasis on graphene-silicon (Gr/Si) integrated devices in optoelectronics, this valuable resource also addresses emerging applications such as optoelectronic synaptic devices, optical modulators, and infrared image sensors. The book opens with an introduction to graphene for silicon optoelectronics, followed by chapters describing the growth, transfer, and physics of graphene/silicon junctions. Subsequent chapters each focus on a particular Gr/Si application, including high-performance photodetectors, solar energy harvesting devices, and hybrid waveguide devices. The book concludes by offering perspectives on the future challenges and prospects of Gr/Si optoelectronics, including the emergence of wafer-scale systems and neuromorphic optoelectronics. Illustrates the benefits of graphene-based electronics and hybrid device architectures that incorporate existing Si technology Covers all essential aspects of Gr/Si devices, including material synthesis, device fabrication, system integration, and related physics Summarizes current progress and future challenges of wafer-scale 2D-Si integrated optoelectronic devices Explores a wide range of Gr/Si devices, such as synaptic phototransistors, hybrid waveguide modulators, and graphene thermopile image sensors Graphene for Post-Moore Silicon Optoelectronics is essential reading for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and chemists in both academia and industry working with the next generation of Gr/Si devices.
This monograph reviews the establishment of new theories of the ozone hole and global climate change, two major scientific problems of global concern. It provides a comprehensive overview of the author's work including significant discoveries and pioneering contributions, such as the discovery of extremely effective dissociative electron transfer reactions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) adsorbed on ice surfaces and its implications for atmospheric ozone depletion; the proposal of the cosmic-ray-driven electron-induced-reaction (CRE) theory for the ozone hole; the predictions of 11-year cyclic variations in polar ozone loss and stratospheric cooling; the discovery of the nearly perfect linear correlation between CFCs and global surface temperature; the proposal of the CFC theory for modern global warming; the discovery of greenhouse-gas-specific climate sensitivity and the parameter-free calculation of global surface temperature change caused by CFCs; the prediction of global cooling; and so on.Unlike conventional atmospheric and climate models, the author's theoretical models were established on robust observed data rather than computer simulations with multiple parameters. The new theories have shown the best agreements with the observed data within 10% uncertainties. This book highlights the scientific understandings of the world-concerned problems from the unique point of view of a physicist who seeks theories with great simplicity and superior predictive capacity.This book is self-contained and unified in presentation. It may be used as an advanced book by graduate students and even ambitious undergraduates in physics, chemistry, environmental and climate sciences. It is also suitable for non-expert readers and policy makers who wish to have an overview of the sciences behind atmospheric ozone depletion and global climate change.
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are some of the most important and valuable engineering materials developed in the last 25 years. These fascinating materials demonstrate remarkably versatile properties—including capacity for actuation and stimulus responsiveness—that are enabling technologists to develop applications used to explore everything from the outer reaches of space to the inside of the human body. Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers details the fundamentals of SMP makeup, as well as their shape-recovery features and their seemingly endless potential for use in applications ranging from the macro- to submicron scales. With an abundance of illustrations and vivid pictures to explain how SMPs and their composites work and how they can be used, this book covers: History and most recent developments in SMPs Thermomechanical properties and behavior of the polymers and their composites Modification of SMPs and novel actuation mechanisms Large-scale surface pattern generation Multi-shape memory effect Fabrication techniques Characterization of composites A must-have reference for anyone working in the materials science and engineering fields, this book outlines the properties—such as light weight, low cost, and ability to handle high strain—that make the easily processed SMPs so useful in fields including aerospace, biomedicine, and textiles. It is intended to help readers understand and apply the knowledge and techniques presented to develop new innovations that will further benefit society.
This groundbreaking book examines the changing Chinese legal system since 1978. In addition to historical analyses of changes at the economic, political-legal, and social levels, Liang gives special attention to crime and punishment functions of the legal system, and the current judicial system based on field research, i.e., court observations in both Beijing and Chengdu. The court system has been in a process of systemization, both internally and externally, seeking more power and relative independence. However, traditional influences, such as preference of mediation (over litigation) and substantive justice (over procedural justice), and lack of respect (from the masses) and guaranteed power (from the political structure), still have major impacts on the building and operation of the judicial system. Liang also shrewdly places the Chinese legal and political reform within the global system. This book, which reshapes our understanding of the economic, political, and essentially legal changes in China within the global context, will be crucial reading for scholars of Asia, law, criminal justice, and sociology.
Compilation Series: A Brief History of Malaysia: Texts and Materials is a solid, application-oriented text for students taking law subjects. Many new features make this edition a richer and stronger learning resource for students. Several factors motivated the authors to write this book. After having the experience in legal field and teaching for more than 17 years, it became clear that there was a definite need for more detail materials in this area. In addition, there was need for a book which would give full recognition to an easier method and the authors felt it was time for a text which would develop the ideas and methods with this in mind. This book covers a thorough discussion of the development of law in Malaysia; beginning from the establishment of the Melaka Empire until the recent issues. A major audience for the book will be students studying the law subjects. The order of topics, however, provides a degree of flexibility, so that the book can be of interest to different readers through basic concepts until the advanced concepts (i.e. the discussion of the cases). The purpose of this book is to take the readers on an introduction to Malaysian legal history journey, by which, the meaning of such subject at basic level is better understood. Hopefully, this book can be benefited by the readers in their journey to success.
This book summarizes the current knowledge of anthocyanins, provides systematic information for future exploration of anthocyanin applications. It focuses on several aspects regarding the studying progression in the field of anthocyanins. The first section of the book provides a brief introduction to the scope and progress on anthocyanins, which is followed by the second section that describes the natural sources, structure, extraction approaches, bioavailability, and current stabilizing approach of anthocyanins. Then in the third part, the book focuses on the industrial processing of anthocyanins in foods by discussing the impact of food processing on anthocyanin structure and composition as well as classical processing techniques on anthocyanin-containing foods, including high-pressure, encapsulation, microwave, and combined application of the above techniques. In the last section of the book, the authors explore the currently most popular application of anthocyanins in improving human health, such as the effect of anthocyanin on vision, metabolism, neural system, cardiovascular system, and cancers. The book will facilitate readers’ understanding of the progress of anthocyanin studies. And it will benefit researchers and graduate students in the fields of natural products, functional food, and nutrition, etc.
Ad hoc and ubiquitous computing technologies have received extensive attention in both the academia and industry with the explosive growth of wireless communication devices. These technologies are beneficial for many applications, such as offering futuristic high bandwidth access for users, and are expected to offer more exciting and efficient services, anytime and anywhere. In order to satisfy these diverse applications, the design issues of various wireless networks such as ad hoc, sensor, and mesh networks are extremely complicated and there are a number of technique challenges that need to be explored, involving every layer of the OSI protocol stack. This book aims to provide a complete understanding of these networks by investigating the evolution of ad hoc, sensor, and mesh networking technologies from theoretic concept to implementation protocols, from fundamentals to real applications. It provides the necessary background material needed to go deeper into the subject and explore the research literature. The explanation in the book is therefore sufficiently detailed to serve as a comprehensive reference for students, instructors, researchers, engineers, and other professionals, building their understanding of these networks. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Survey on Link Quality Models in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (235 KB). Contents: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Survey on Link Quality Models in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (M Lu & J Wu); Scalable Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (R Menchaca-Mendez & J J Garcia-Luna-Aceves); TCP, Congestion, and Admission Control Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks (A Mishra et al.); Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas (B Alawieh et al.); Peer-to-Peer and Content Sharing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (M Abuelela & S Olariu); Properties of the Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel for Dedicated Short Range Communications (L Cheng et al.); Radio Resource Management in Cellular Relay Networks (K-D Lee & V C M Leung); Game Theoretic Tools Applied to Wireless Networks (H Liu et al.); Wireless Sensor Networks: Wireless Sensor Networks OCo Routing Protocols (A Jamalipour & M A Azim); Handling QoS Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks (M Younis et al.); Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks (A Asok et al.); Delay-Tolerant Mobile Sensor Networks (Y Wang & H Wu); Integration of RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks (H Liu et al.); Integrating Sensor Networks with the Semantic Web (Y Pei & B Wang); Effective Multiuser Broadcast Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks (K Ren et al.); Security Attacks and Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (A-S K Pathan & C S Hong); Information Security in Wireless Sensor Networks (A Ouadjaout et al.); Wireless Mesh Networks: Network Architecture and Flow Control in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks (D Nandiraju et al.); Multi-Hop MAC: IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Networks (R C Carrano et al.); Channel Assignment in Wireless Mesh Networks (W Fu et al.); Multi-Hop, Multi-Path and Load Balanced Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks (S Mishra & N Shenoy); Mobility Management in Wireless Mesh Networks (P Wu et al.); Selfishness and Security Schemes for Wireless Mesh Network (L Santhanam et al.). Readership: Advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer engineering; instructors; researchers; engineers and other professionals.
Forestland investment has surged in the past few decades as a result of land ownership change in the forestry industry. Timberland investment and management organizations and real estate investment trusts have bought up land and resources that were divested by vertically integrated forest products companies. This book provides a seminal coverage of this seismic shift in the industry, exploring the philosophy, driving factors, valuation, theory, research, implementation, practice, and effects of forestland investment. Across 15 chapters the book reviews the history of forestland investment; discusses the optimal forest rotation; explains timberland appraisal; examines the return drivers of forestland; analyzes timberland index construction methods and results; prices timberland assets; reviews financial and real options; investigates real option values in forestland management; evaluates timber harvest contracts; examines new opportunities in the emerging woody bioenergy market; and eventually offers prospects on forestland investment in the future. It also discusses how forest carbon can be used as a nature-based climate solution. This book is essential reading for forestry business students and scholars, as well as practitioners and policymakers in the industry.
Why has Japanese industrialisation been so much faster than that of China? The relative economic development of Japan and China from similar nineteenth-century conditions are examined in broad philosophical, social, political and historical perspective. The book challenges a common assumption that Chinese Confucianism does not encourage modernisation, while Japanese Confucianism propelled industrialisation forward. It examines further reasons why Max Weber's judgement, 'the Chinese would be probably more capable than the Japanese, of assimilating capitalism', has not been borne out.
This book is part of a broad study about Confucianism and its implications for modernisation of the Confucian regions (covering Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Vietnam, and Singapore). The purpose of this book is to compare the ethical, social and economical principles advocated by Adam Smith and Confucius. Adam Smith is the most influential thinker in developed economies in modern times. Confucius was the most influential thinker in the Confucian regions before the West became influential in these regions. The book shows that it is important to compare the two great thinkers in order to understand whether or not Westernisation of the Confucian regions is sustainable and whether or not there will be 'clashes of civilisations' between the Confucian regions and the West.
Overview: war and history -- The first military empire: the Assyrians -- The great strategy of the Byzantine Empire -- The Arabs -- The nomads of the Eurasian steppes -- The Seljuks, Mameluks, and the Crusades -- The Mongol Dmpire -- Tamerlane -- The Ottomans -- Safavid Iran -- The Ming and Chinese politico-military traditions -- The Manchu and the end of the nomads -- The Mughals and Islam in India -- Russia and the end of the Tatars -- The ascent of Europe -- The time of revolutions -- Guerilla warfare -- From total war to asymmetrical conflict -- Conclusion.
The purpose of this book is to read Han Feizi (c.280 – 233 BC) in the light of Western thought, especially, Machiavelli. Han Feizi is one of the most important philosophical thinkers in ancient China and is still widely read by politicians and business leaders in East Asia. His ideas are often compared with those in Machiavelli's The Prince. Han Feizi argues that political institutions must change with changing circumstances. His work can also be compared with that of Adam Smith, but differs in consideration of economic system and moral sentiments. Han Feizi highly values action, practical skills, useful knowledge (not formal education like Confucianism), absolute obedience, loyalty (based on self-interests), and duty. The key tool to operate the system is objective law (and its effective practice) with fair rewards and punishments. As mainland China, and overseas Chinese-influenced and Confucian societies including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, North Korea, and Vietnam are rapidly modernized, this classic work, created in the golden period of Chinese thought, carries ongoing relevance and gives deep insights. This is an important resource for people with intellectual, business or politics interests in East Asia, to help to interpret, understand, and predict political and business decisions in the Confucian regions.
Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45 is the first ready reference to the organization and armament of Chinese ground forces during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45. The work integrates Chinese, Japanese and Western sources to examine the details of the structure and weapons of the period. Recent scholarship has contributed greatly to our understanding of China's role in the war, but this is the first book to deal with the bottom-level underpinnings of this massive army, crucial to an understanding of its tactical and operational utility. An introductory chapter discusses the military operations in China, often given short shrift in World War II histories. The work then traces the evolution of the national army's organizational structure from the end of the Northern Expedition to the conclusion of World War II. Included are tables of organization and strength reports for the wartime period. The armament section illustrates and details not only the characteristics of the many and varied weapons used in China, many seen nowhere else, but also their acquisition and such local production as was undertaken. This is complemented by a chapter on the arsenals and their evolution and production programs. The Chinese army was one of the largest of the war and it, and Japan's, fought longer than any other. It faced unique challenges, including fragmented loyalties, huge expanses of territory, poor logistics networks, inadequate arms supplies, and, often, incompetence and corruption. Nevertheless, they fought bravely in major battles through 1941 and were able to counterpunch effectively in important regions through the rest of the war. Aimed at both military historians and wargamers, this work fills an important gap in our understanding of this, the most under-appreciated army of the war.
In this volume, Prof. Ye and his coworkers propose and review the concept of nano-bio probe design for biochemical analysis on the basis of their recent published works. A unique biochemical analysis technology based on fluorescence polarization enhanced by nanoparticles is described here with successful applications in environmental monitoring, rapid and sensitive sensing protease activity and high-throughput screening of inhibitors. Furthermore, they introduce a versatile molecular beacon (MB)-like probe for the multiplex sensing of targets such as sequence-specific DNA, protein, metal ions and small molecule compounds based on the self-assembled biomolecule-graphene conjugates. Besides, some colorimetric and luminescence probes utilizing metal nanoparticles for biochemical applications are also presented, such as chiral enantiomer discrimination and separation, environmental monitoring, clinic diagnosis and etc.
Thermal Management for Opto-electronics Packaging and Applications A systematic guide to the theory, applications, and design of thermal management for LED packaging In Thermal Management for Opto-electronics Packaging and Applications, a team of distinguished engineers and researchers deliver an authoritative discussion of the fundamental theory and practical design required for LED product development. Readers will get a solid grounding in thermal management strategies and find up-to-date coverage of heat transfer fundamentals, thermal modeling, and thermal simulation and design. The authors explain cooling technologies and testing techniques that will help the reader evaluate device performance and accelerate the design and manufacturing cycle. In this all-inclusive guide to LED package thermal management, the book provides the latest advances in thermal engineering design and opto-electronic devices and systems. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to thermal conduction and solutions, including discussions of thermal resistance and high thermal conductivity materials Comprehensive explorations of thermal radiation and solutions, including angular- and spectra-regulation radiative cooling Practical discussions of thermally enhanced thermal interfacial materials (TIMs) Complete treatments of hybrid thermal management in downhole devices Perfect for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals in the fields of LED packaging and heat transfer, Thermal Management for Opto-electronics Packaging and Applications will also benefit advanced students focusing on the design of LED product design.
The need for optimal partition arises from many real-world problems involving the distribution of limited resources to many users. The “clustering” problem, which has recently received a lot of attention, is a special case of optimal partitioning. This book is the first attempt to collect all theoretical developments of optimal partitions, many of them derived by the authors, in an accessible place for easy reference. Much more than simply collecting the results, the book provides a general framework to unify these results and present them in an organized fashion.Many well-known practical problems of optimal partitions are dealt with. The authors show how they can be solved using the theory — or why they cannot be. These problems include: allocation of components to maximize system reliability; experiment design to identify defectives; design of circuit card library and of blood analyzer lines; abstraction of finite state machines and assignment of cache items to pages; the division of property and partition bargaining as well as touching on those well-known research areas such as scheduling, inventory, nearest neighbor assignment, the traveling salesman problem, vehicle routing, and graph partitions. The authors elucidate why the last three problems cannot be solved in the context of the theory.
In the last few years the scientific community has realized that obtaining a better understanding of interactions between natural systems and the man-made environment across different scales demands more research efforts in remote sensing. An integrated Earth system observatory that merges surface-based, air-borne, space-borne, and even underground sensors with comprehensive and predictive capabilities indicates promise for revolutionizing the study of global water, energy, and carbon cycles as well as land use and land cover changes. The aim of this book is to present a suite of relevant concepts, tools, and methods of integrated multisensor data fusion and machine learning technologies to promote environmental sustainability. The process of machine learning for intelligent feature extraction consists of regular, deep, and fast learning algorithms. The niche for integrating data fusion and machine learning for remote sensing rests upon the creation of a new scientific architecture in remote sensing science that is designed to support numerical as well as symbolic feature extraction managed by several cognitively oriented machine learning tasks at finer scales. By grouping a suite of satellites with similar nature in platform design, data merging may come to help for cloudy pixel reconstruction over the space domain or concatenation of time series images over the time domain, or even both simultaneously. Organized in 5 parts, from Fundamental Principles of Remote Sensing; Feature Extraction for Remote Sensing; Image and Data Fusion for Remote Sensing; Integrated Data Merging, Data Reconstruction, Data Fusion, and Machine Learning; to Remote Sensing for Environmental Decision Analysis, the book will be a useful reference for graduate students, academic scholars, and working professionals who are involved in the study of Earth systems and the environment for a sustainable future. The new knowledge in this book can be applied successfully in many areas of environmental science and engineering.
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