This book is on the iterative learning control (ILC) with focus on the design and implementation. We approach the ILC design based on the frequency domain analysis and address the ILC implementation based on the sampled data methods. This is the first book of ILC from frequency domain and sampled data methodologies. The frequency domain design methods offer ILC users insights to the convergence performance which is of practical benefits. This book presents a comprehensive framework with various methodologies to ensure the learnable bandwidth in the ILC system to be set with a balance between learning performance and learning stability. The sampled data implementation ensures effective execution of ILC in practical dynamic systems. The presented sampled data ILC methods also ensure the balance of performance and stability of learning process. Furthermore, the presented theories and methodologies are tested with an ILC controlled robotic system. The experimental results show that the machines can work in much higher accuracy than a feedback control alone can offer. With the proposed ILC algorithms, it is possible that machines can work to their hardware design limits set by sensors and actuators. The target audience for this book includes scientists, engineers and practitioners involved in any systems with repetitive operations.
This book presents a series of studies on the status quo, characteristics of and trends in China’s eSports industry, while also analyzing key problems to help the industry avoid potential risks, seize opportunities for development, and promote industrial drivers. In addition, it puts forward feasible plans and strategic suggestions for high-quality innovation and development of the industry. Electronic sports or eSports refers to digital entertainment activities that combine technological, sports, cultural and social aspects, and which have a unique commercial and user value. With their rapid growth in this century, eSports are now an emerging sector with huge growth potential and room for innovation. In 2020, China’s eSports industry led the globe in growth rates; contributing roughly RMB 75.198 billion, it brought considerable new momentum to the national economy. As a new cultural phenomenon, eSports are politically, economically, culturally, and socially suited to helping use information technologies to restructure human social activities. The emergence and spread of an eSports culture embody the richness of subcultural phenomena and the importance of multicultural spaces, while also having a positive effect on people’s competitive spirit, intelligence, aesthetic tastes, etc. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, China’s eSports industry has faced a host of problems, e.g. postponed competitions, management difficulties and brand devaluation, all of which have hampered its progress. Nevertheless, the number of Chinese eSports users is on the rise and the online market share is climbing steadily, establishing a user base for the industry. Moreover, new technological advances like 5G, VR and AR offer a wealth of new opportunities for innovation in China’s eSports industry. The book encourages readers to approach the topic from various perspectives and think across disciplines. As a result, it is not only essential reading for students at colleges and universities, but also offers a valuable reference guide for eSports researchers and enthusiasts.
This book comprehensively covers the important efforts in improving the quality of images in visual cryptography (VC), with a focus on cases with gray scale images. It not only covers schemes in traditional VC and extended VC for binary secret images, but also the latest development in the analysis-by-synthesis approach. This book distinguishes itself from the existing literature in three ways. First, it not only reviews traditional VC for binary secret images, but also covers recent efforts in improving visual quality for gray scale secret images. Second, not only traditional quality measures are reviewed, but also measures that were not used for measuring perceptual quality of decrypted secret images, such as Radially Averaged Power Spectrum Density (RAPSD) and residual variance, are employed for evaluating and guiding the design of VC algorithms. Third, unlike most VC books following a mathematical formal style, this book tries to make a balance between engineering intuition and mathematical reasoning. All the targeted problems and corresponding solutions are fully motivated by practical applications and evaluated by experimental tests, while important security issues are presented as mathematical proof. Furthermore, important algorithms are summarized as pseudocodes, thus enabling the readers to reproduce the results in the book. Therefore, this book serves as a tutorial for readers with an engineering background as well as for experts in related areas to understand the basics and research frontiers in visual cryptography.
This is a timely, interdisciplinary scientific overview of the atmosphere, the ocean and the land surface as it interacts with physical, chemical and biological processes. The high level of detail sets it apart from other studies of monsoon meteorology. The text includes analysis of paleoclimate records, human influences on the monsoon climate and the economic impacts of the monsoon on economies and to human health.
This book presents the application of system analysis techniques with case studies to help readers learn how the techniques can be applied, how the problems are solved, and which sustainable management strategies can be reached.
Few social issues have received more public attention and scholarly debate than the death penalty. While the abolitionist movement has made a successful stride in recent decades, a small number of countries remain committed to the death penalty and impose it with a relatively high frequency. In this regard, the People’s Republic of China no doubt leads the world in both numbers of death sentences and executions. Despite being the largest user of the death penalty, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward capital punishment, while claiming “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use. Based on a content analysis of 38,512 comments collected from 63 cases in 2015, this study examines the diversity and rationales of netizens’ opinions of and interactions with China’s criminal justice system. In addition, the book discusses China’s social, systemic, and structural problems and critically examines the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Habermas’s communicative rationality framework. Readers will be able to contextualize Chinese netizens’ discussions and draw conclusions about commonalities and uniqueness of China’s death penalty practice.
This book examines the butterfly effect in China's modern economic development during the period of 1978–2018. In chaos theory, the butterfly effect refers to a phenomenon that a butterfly flaps its wings in Okinawa, and subsequently a storm may ravage New York. Deng applied a trivial idea, called the market mechanism, to China’s countryside in 1978. The idea has subsequently caused economic structural changes and fast growth in the economy with the largest population in human history. China’s per capita GDP jumped from $100 in 1978 to over US$8,000 in 2018. Eight hundred million people have made a great escape from poverty. By 2018, China was the world’s second-largest economy from its 10th position in 1978 with its 9 per cent average annual growth rate of GDP in the previous four decades. This illuminating book will be of value to economists, scholars of China, and historians.
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are some of the most important and valuable engineering materials developed in the last 25 years. These fascinating materials demonstrate remarkably versatile properties-including capacity for actuation and stimulus responsiveness-that are enabling technologists to develop applications used to explore everything from th
Chinese traders and explorers first visited the Maldives, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, in the early fourteenth century. The traveler Wang Dayuan “discovered” the island sultanate for the Chinese world, and merchants increasingly dealt in Maldivian goods such as coconuts, cowrie shells, and ambergris. Zheng He’s fifteenth-century voyages ventured to the islands, by then a trading hub, and brought their envoys to Beijing. But the Maldives faded from Chinese records by the end of the sixteenth century, after the Ming state suddenly retreated from the Indian Ocean and shifted focus to Southeast Asia. Discovered but Forgotten is a pioneering examination of China’s relations with the Maldives and Sino-Indian Ocean interactions, offering new ways to understand Chinese maritime exploration and the global history of the Indian Ocean. Drawing on a wide range of sources—including written records, Chinese and Jesuit maps, and archaeological analysis of shipwrecks—Bin Yang provides a comprehensive account of Chinese links to the Maldives and the Indian Ocean world from ancient times through the late Ming era. He scrutinizes Chinese understandings of the islands, emphasizing both seafaring material culture and textual knowledge production. Yang reconsiders the works of travelers such as Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta in light of Chinese explorations, and he opens a window onto a colorful world of intriguing commodities, port marriages, and voyages across the vast waters of maritime Asia. Transregional and interdisciplinary, Discovered but Forgotten reveals how a remote archipelago shaped the vast Chinese empire.
Economic transition in China has witnessed (re)centralization of resources from the margin to the core in economic, social and political senses. This book employs a marginalization lens to reveal, delineate and better understand the processes, patterns, trends, multiple dimensions and dynamics of the phenomenon, and the consequences and implications for development and well-being in the country. Bringing together a wide range of domestic and international experts and disciplinary perspectives, the book combines empirical research and conceptual analysis to provide an insightful overview of China's recent development. It contributes to the debate over marginalization and its interactions with globalization and transition in China, and has significance for various domestic and international policy arenas in respect of tackling marginalization, poverty and social exclusion effectively while striving for the achievement of the UN Millennium Development Goals in China and beyond.
In the last few years the scientific community has realized that obtaining a better understanding of interactions between natural systems and the man-made environment across different scales demands more research efforts in remote sensing. An integrated Earth system observatory that merges surface-based, air-borne, space-borne, and even underground sensors with comprehensive and predictive capabilities indicates promise for revolutionizing the study of global water, energy, and carbon cycles as well as land use and land cover changes. The aim of this book is to present a suite of relevant concepts, tools, and methods of integrated multisensor data fusion and machine learning technologies to promote environmental sustainability. The process of machine learning for intelligent feature extraction consists of regular, deep, and fast learning algorithms. The niche for integrating data fusion and machine learning for remote sensing rests upon the creation of a new scientific architecture in remote sensing science that is designed to support numerical as well as symbolic feature extraction managed by several cognitively oriented machine learning tasks at finer scales. By grouping a suite of satellites with similar nature in platform design, data merging may come to help for cloudy pixel reconstruction over the space domain or concatenation of time series images over the time domain, or even both simultaneously. Organized in 5 parts, from Fundamental Principles of Remote Sensing; Feature Extraction for Remote Sensing; Image and Data Fusion for Remote Sensing; Integrated Data Merging, Data Reconstruction, Data Fusion, and Machine Learning; to Remote Sensing for Environmental Decision Analysis, the book will be a useful reference for graduate students, academic scholars, and working professionals who are involved in the study of Earth systems and the environment for a sustainable future. The new knowledge in this book can be applied successfully in many areas of environmental science and engineering.
Thermal Management for Opto-electronics Packaging and Applications A systematic guide to the theory, applications, and design of thermal management for LED packaging In Thermal Management for Opto-electronics Packaging and Applications, a team of distinguished engineers and researchers deliver an authoritative discussion of the fundamental theory and practical design required for LED product development. Readers will get a solid grounding in thermal management strategies and find up-to-date coverage of heat transfer fundamentals, thermal modeling, and thermal simulation and design. The authors explain cooling technologies and testing techniques that will help the reader evaluate device performance and accelerate the design and manufacturing cycle. In this all-inclusive guide to LED package thermal management, the book provides the latest advances in thermal engineering design and opto-electronic devices and systems. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to thermal conduction and solutions, including discussions of thermal resistance and high thermal conductivity materials Comprehensive explorations of thermal radiation and solutions, including angular- and spectra-regulation radiative cooling Practical discussions of thermally enhanced thermal interfacial materials (TIMs) Complete treatments of hybrid thermal management in downhole devices Perfect for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals in the fields of LED packaging and heat transfer, Thermal Management for Opto-electronics Packaging and Applications will also benefit advanced students focusing on the design of LED product design.
This book covers the fundamental principles, new theories and methodologies, and potential applications of hybrid intelligent networks. Chapters focus on hybrid neural networks and networked multi-agent networks, including their communication, control and optimization synthesis. This text also provides a succinct but useful guideline for designing neural network-based hybrid artificial intelligence for brain-inspired computation systems and applications in the Internet of Things. Artificial Intelligence has developed into a deep research field targeting robots with more brain-inspired perception, learning, decision-making abilities, etc. This text devoted to a tutorial on hybrid intelligent networks that have been identified in nature and engineering, especially in the brain, modeled by hybrid dynamical systems and complex networks, and have shown potential application to brain-inspired intelligence. Included in this text are impulsive neural networks, neurodynamics, multiagent networks, hybrid dynamics analysis, collective dynamics, as well as hybrid communication, control and optimization methods. Graduate students who are interested in artificial intelligence and hybrid intelligence, as well as professors and graduate students who are interested in neural networks and multiagent networks will find this textbook a valuable resource. AI engineers and consultants who are working in wireless communications and networking will want to buy this book. Also, professional and academic institutions in universities and Mobile vehicle companies and engineers and managers who concern humans in the loop of IoT will also be interested in this book.
The book provides an overview of III-nitride-material-based light-emitting diode (LED) technology, from the basic material physics to the latest advances in the field, such as homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy of the materials on different substrates. It also includes the latest advances in the field, such as approaches to improve quantum efficiency and reliability as well as novel structured LEDs. It explores the concept of material growth, chip structure, packaging, reliability and application of LEDs. With spectra coverage from ultraviolet (UV) to entire visible light wavelength, the III-nitride-material-based LEDs have a broad application potential, and are not just limited to illumination. These novel applications, such as health & medical, visible light communications, fishery and horticulture, are also discussed in the book.
One of the core roles of a practising geotechnical engineer is to analyse and design foundations. This textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students covers the analysis, design and construction of shallow and deep foundations and retaining structures as well as the stability analysis and mitigation of slopes. It progressively introduces critical state soil mechanics and plasticity theories such as plastic limit analysis and cavity expansion theories before leading into the theories of foundation, lateral earth pressure and slope stability analysis. On the engineering side, the book introduces construction and testing methods used in current practice. Throughout it emphasizes the connection between theory and practice. It prepares readers for the more sophisticated non-linear elastic-plastic analysis in foundation engineering which is commonly used in engineering practice, and serves too as a reference book for practising engineers. A companion website provides a series of Excel spreadsheet programs to cover all examples included in the book, and PowerPoint lecture slides and a solutions manual for lecturers. Using Excel, the relationships between the input parameters and the design and analysis results can be seen. Numerical values of complex equations can be calculated quickly. non-linearity and optimization can be brought in more easily to employ functioned numerical methods. And sophisticated methods can be seen in practice, such as p-y curve for laterally loaded piles and flexible retaining structures, and methods of slices for slope stability analysis.
Against the bleak backdrop of pressing issues in today’s world, civil societies remain vibrant, animated by people’s belief that they should and can solve such issues and build a better society. Their imagination of a good society, their understanding of their engagement, and the ways they choose to act constitute the cultural aspect of civil society. Central to this cultural aspect of civil society is the “culture of democracy,” including normative values, individual interpretations, and interaction norms pertaining to features of a democratic society, such as civility, independence, and solidarity. The culture of democracy varies in different contexts and faces challenges, but it shapes civic actions, alters political and social processes, and thus is the soul of modern civil societies. The Culture of Democracy provides the first systematic survey of the cultural sociology of civil society and offers a committed global perspective. It shows that, as everyone is eager to have their voice heard, cultural sociology can serve as an “art of listening,” a thoroughly empirical approach that takes ideas, meanings, and opinions seriously, for people to contemplate significant theoretical and public issues.
Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors A systematic and complete discussion of the latest progress in flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting and sensing technologies In Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of the design methods, working mechanisms, microfabrication processes, and applications of flexible energy harvesters for wearable and implantable devices. The book discusses the monitoring of normal force, shear force, strain, and displacement in flexible sensors, as well as relevant artificial intelligence algorithms. Readers will also find an overview of design and research challenges facing professionals in the field, as well as a variety of perspectives on flexible energy harvesters and sensors. With an extensive focus on the use of flexible piezoelectric material technologies for medical applications, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors also includes: A thorough introduction to the working principles of piezoelectric devices, including discussions of flexible PEH and piezoelectric sensors Comprehensive treatments of the design of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including the challenges associated with their structural design Fulsome explanations of the fabrication of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters, including piezoelectric ceramic thin and think films In-depth treatments of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters, including optimized cantilever, bimorph, and optimized bimorph PEH Perfect for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and solid-state physicists, Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors will also earn a place in the libraries of sensor developers, and surface physicists.
Reported speech is a universal form across human languages. However, previous studies have tended to be limited because they mostly emphasize on the form and authenticity of reported speech, while its discourse and pragmatic functions have largely been ignored. Meanwhile, the studies mainly focus on English, with a comparative perspective with other languages largely missing. Acknowledging these limitations, this book analyzes the textual and pragmatic functions of reported speech in Chinese and English. The authors build a corpus comprising of twelve Chinese and English newspapers, including China Daily and The New York Times. They examine the classification and distribution of reported speech, the form and function in different news genres and contexts, and the socio-pragmatic interpretation of reported speech in news and other issues. This title can enrich comparative linguistic research, verify the feasibility of combining critical linguistics and corpus technology, and help improve the production and understanding of news reports. Students and scholars of critical discourse analysis, comparative linguistics, corpus linguistics, as well as communication studies will find this to be an essential guide.
The commercial operation of the bullet train in 1964 in Japan marked the beginning of a new era for high-speed railways. Because of the huge amount of kinetic energy carried at high speeds, a train may interact significantly with the bridge and even resonate with it under certain circumstances. Equally important is the riding comfort of the train cars, which relates closely to the maneuverability of the train during its passage over the bridge at high speeds.This book is unique in that it is devoted entirely to the interaction between the supporting bridges and moving trains, the so-called vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI). Finite element procedures have been developed to treat interaction problems of various complexities, while the analytical solutions established for some typical problems are helpful for identifying the key parameters involved. Besides, some field tests were conducted to verify the theories established.This book provides an up-to-date coverage of research conducted on various aspects of the VBI problems. Using the series of VBI elements derived, the authors study a number of frontier problems, including the impact response of bridges with elastic bearings, the dynamic response of curved beam to moving centrifugal forces, the stability and derailment of trains moving over bridges shaken by earthquakes, the impact response of two trains crossing on a bridge, the steady-state response of trains moving over elevated bridges, and so on.
This book is part of a broad examination of Confucianism and its implications for modernization of the Confucian regions (covering mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Singapore). It is mainly concerned with the industrialization and modernization of Taiwan. To help readers understand the process of modernization, the book provides an introduction to the history of Taiwan and to Confucianism and its modern implications. As far as social and economic principles are concerned, Taiwan's modernization is, according to the author, characterized by Americanization and modernizing Confucian manifestations. The book demonstrates that Taiwan has actually provided an important case study not only for the capitalist spirit of overseas Chinese, but also for possible implications of Confucianism for modernization. The unique character of this book is that in explaining Taiwan's modernization, it deals not only with economic and social issues, but also examines the philosophical foundations, an endeavor which no other author has systematically made before.
Seeking sparse solutions of underdetermined linear systems is required in many areas of engineering and science such as signal and image processing. The efficient sparse representation becomes central in various big or high-dimensional data processing, yielding fruitful theoretical and realistic results in these fields. The mathematical optimization plays a fundamentally important role in the development of these results and acts as the mainstream numerical algorithms for the sparsity-seeking problems arising from big-data processing, compressed sensing, statistical learning, computer vision, and so on. This has attracted the interest of many researchers at the interface of engineering, mathematics and computer science. Sparse Optimization Theory and Methods presents the state of the art in theory and algorithms for signal recovery under the sparsity assumption. The up-to-date uniqueness conditions for the sparsest solution of underdertemined linear systems are described. The results for sparse signal recovery under the matrix property called range space property (RSP) are introduced, which is a deep and mild condition for the sparse signal to be recovered by convex optimization methods. This framework is generalized to 1-bit compressed sensing, leading to a novel sign recovery theory in this area. Two efficient sparsity-seeking algorithms, reweighted l1-minimization in primal space and the algorithm based on complementary slackness property, are presented. The theoretical efficiency of these algorithms is rigorously analysed in this book. Under the RSP assumption, the author also provides a novel and unified stability analysis for several popular optimization methods for sparse signal recovery, including l1-mininization, Dantzig selector and LASSO. This book incorporates recent development and the author’s latest research in the field that have not appeared in other books.
Ad hoc and ubiquitous computing technologies have received extensive attention in both the academia and industry with the explosive growth of wireless communication devices. These technologies are beneficial for many applications, such as offering futuristic high bandwidth access for users, and are expected to offer more exciting and efficient services, anytime and anywhere. In order to satisfy these diverse applications, the design issues of various wireless networks such as ad hoc, sensor, and mesh networks are extremely complicated and there are a number of technique challenges that need to be explored, involving every layer of the OSI protocol stack. This book aims to provide a complete understanding of these networks by investigating the evolution of ad hoc, sensor, and mesh networking technologies from theoretic concept to implementation protocols, from fundamentals to real applications. It provides the necessary background material needed to go deeper into the subject and explore the research literature. The explanation in the book is therefore sufficiently detailed to serve as a comprehensive reference for students, instructors, researchers, engineers, and other professionals, building their understanding of these networks. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Survey on Link Quality Models in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (235 KB). Contents: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Survey on Link Quality Models in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (M Lu & J Wu); Scalable Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (R Menchaca-Mendez & J J Garcia-Luna-Aceves); TCP, Congestion, and Admission Control Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks (A Mishra et al.); Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas (B Alawieh et al.); Peer-to-Peer and Content Sharing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (M Abuelela & S Olariu); Properties of the Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel for Dedicated Short Range Communications (L Cheng et al.); Radio Resource Management in Cellular Relay Networks (K-D Lee & V C M Leung); Game Theoretic Tools Applied to Wireless Networks (H Liu et al.); Wireless Sensor Networks: Wireless Sensor Networks OCo Routing Protocols (A Jamalipour & M A Azim); Handling QoS Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks (M Younis et al.); Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks (A Asok et al.); Delay-Tolerant Mobile Sensor Networks (Y Wang & H Wu); Integration of RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks (H Liu et al.); Integrating Sensor Networks with the Semantic Web (Y Pei & B Wang); Effective Multiuser Broadcast Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks (K Ren et al.); Security Attacks and Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (A-S K Pathan & C S Hong); Information Security in Wireless Sensor Networks (A Ouadjaout et al.); Wireless Mesh Networks: Network Architecture and Flow Control in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks (D Nandiraju et al.); Multi-Hop MAC: IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Networks (R C Carrano et al.); Channel Assignment in Wireless Mesh Networks (W Fu et al.); Multi-Hop, Multi-Path and Load Balanced Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks (S Mishra & N Shenoy); Mobility Management in Wireless Mesh Networks (P Wu et al.); Selfishness and Security Schemes for Wireless Mesh Network (L Santhanam et al.). Readership: Advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer engineering; instructors; researchers; engineers and other professionals.
This book focuses on the fault-tolerant cooperative control (FTCC) of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs). It provides systematic and comprehensive descriptions of FTCC issues in multi-UAVs concerning faults, external disturbances, strongly unknown nonlinearities, and input saturation. Further, it addresses FTCC design from longitudinal motions to attitude motions, and outer-loop position motions of multi-UAVs. The book’s detailed control schemes can be used to enhance the flight safety of multi-UAVs. As such, the book offers readers an in-depth understanding of UAV safety in cooperative/formation flight and corresponding design methods. The FTCC methods presented here can also provide guidelines for engineers to improve the safety of aerospace engineering systems. The book offers a valuable asset for scientists and researchers, aerospace engineers, control engineers, lecturers and teachers, and graduates and undergraduates in the system and control community, especially those working in the field of UAV cooperation and multi-agent systems.
The Qing state, driven by Confucian precepts of good government and urgent practical needs, committed vast resources to its granaries. Nourish the People traces the basic practices of this system, analyzes the organizational bases of its successes and failures, and examines variant practices in different regions. The volume concludes with an assessment of the granary system’s social and economic impact and historical comparison with the food supply policies of other states.
Loess is a product of aeolian deposition during the Quaternary glaciation cycles and covers approximately 6% of the Earth’s land. The Loess Plateau of China, which is home to a population of nearly three hundred million, has the thickest and most complete loess strata, where loess geohazards occur most frequently due to the weak geoenvironment and dense human activities. In recent years, the engineering geological characteristics of loess and geohazards in loess areas have gradually received increasing attention from academic researchers. This book reviews an informative collection of up-to-date literature in this field. It presents the unique features of loess and loess geohazards, and provides a strong foundation for future study via eight systematically structured chapters, e.g., origin and spatial distribution, loess landforms, microstructure, physical properties, permeability, shear strength, tensile strength, and loess geohazard. It can serve as a principal reference for researchers, practical engineers and technicians who are engaged in loess geology and surface processes, and is suitable especially for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of loess engineering geology.
What do economic chaos and uncertainties mean in rational or irrational economic theories? How do simple deterministic interactions among a few variables lead to unpredictable complex phenomena? Why is complexity of economies causing so many conflicts and confusions worldwide?This book provides a comprehensive introduction to recent developments of complexity theory in economics. It presents different models based on well-accepted economic mechanisms such as the Solow model, Ramsey model, and Lucas model. It is focused on presenting complex behaviors, such as business cycles, aperiodic motion, bifurcations, catastrophes, chaos, and hidden attractors, in basic economic models with nonlinear behavior. It shows how complex nonlinear phenomena are identified from various economic mechanisms and theories. These models demonstrate that the traditional or dominant economic views on evolution of, for instance, capitalism market, free competition, or Keynesian economics, are not generally valid. Markets are unpredictable and nobody knows with certainty the consequences of policies or other external factors in economic systems with simple interactions.
Hong Kong has an urbanisation history of an interesting course -- from fishing village of the Qing dynasty under the Manchu rule, to British colony with 98 per cent of its population being Chinese, to global city with great wealth and business activities, to Communist China's Special Administrative Region (SAR) from 1 July 1997. China resumed sovereignty over Hong Kong and granted Hong Kong the right to self-government for at least 50 years, except over diplomatic and defense matters. Long before the return of Hong Kong to China, the colony had already firmly established itself as a regional business centre. It had been at the forefront of the East Asian economic 'miracle' between the 1970s and the mid 1990s. Lightened by multi-coloured neon signs of commercial advertisements, the semi-westernised Chinese city is more attractive in night than in daytime. Hong Kong is full of contrasts and paradoxes. The wide variety of the city's contrasting and yet fluid and interesting social and cultural images, aptly has been described as, 'east and west', local and colonial, modern and traditional, extravagant and frugal -- has earned it the epithet 'a cultural kaleidoscope'. The author explores these contrasts and paradoxes not only from economic, cultural, and social perspectives, but also from perspectives of non-linear theory and Adam Smith's and Confucian philosophies -- an endeavour which no other author has systematically made before.
Heat Transport in Micro- and Nanoscale Thin Films presents aspects and applications of the principle methods of heat transport in relation to nanoscale films. Small-scale parts and thin films are widely used in the electronics industry. However, the drastic change in the thermal conductivity with reducing device size and film thickness modifies the energy transport by heat-carrying phonons in the film. Energy transfer in small-sized devices and thin films deviate from the classical diffusion to radiative transport. This book deals with micro/nano scale heat transfer in small scale devices and the thin films, including interface properties of cross-plane transport. The book fills the gap between applications of the physical fundamentals and energy transport at the micro- and nano scale, which will be valuable for academics, researchers and students in the fields of materials science and energy transport. - Offers a specialist focus on nanoscale thin films, allowing the reader to create more efficient heat transfer systems - Includes in-depth coverage of the formulation of transient energy transport for short durations of heating, which is valuable those working in electronics - Focuses on applications and real-life case studies to clearly illustrate how the theories explained in the book can be used in industry
This book focuses on distributed event-triggered control of multi-agent systems, in which the event-triggering mechanism is utilized to reduce the communication frequencies in order to compensate for constrained network bandwidths, an aspect that poses significant challenges for distributed control design. The book summarizes the authors’ original, systematic contributions on scalability and robustness, two core issues in distributed event-triggered control. Specifically, the book presents fully distributed adaptive event-triggered control laws; as they rely on neither continuous communications nor global information on the network, these laws are scalable with regard to network size and topology. Moreover, the book provides novel and robust event-triggered algorithms, which can accommodate various frequency-domain and matching uncertainties. The results presented here are applicable to UAV swarms, automobile systems, aerospace systems, vehicle platooning, and more, and will be of considerable interest to graduate students, researchers, and engineers working on network control systems.
Campus Network Architectures and Technologies begins by describing the service challenges facing campus networks, and then details the intent-driven campus network architectures and technologies of Huawei Cloud Campus Solution. After reading this book, you will have a comprehensive understanding of next-generation campus network solutions, technical implementations, planning, design, and other know-how. Leveraging Huawei’s years of technical expertise and practices in the campus network field, this book systematically describes the use of technical solutions such as virtualization, big data, AI, and SDN in campus networks. You will be able to reconstruct campus networks quickly and efficiently utilizing this informative description. Additionally, this book provides detailed suggestions for campus network design and deployment based on Huawei's extensive project implementation experience, assisting with the construction of automated and intelligent campus networks required to cope with challenges. This is a practical, informative, and easy-to-understand guide for learning about and designing campus networks. It is intended for network planning engineers, network technical support engineers, network administrators, and enthusiasts of campus network technologies. Authors Ningguo Shen is Chief Architect for Huawei’s campus network solutions. He has approximately 20 years' experience in campus network product and solution design, as well as a wealth of expertise in network planning and design. Mr. Shen previously served as a system engineer for the campus switch, data center switch, and WLAN product lines, and led the design of Huawei’s intent-driven campus network solution. Bin Yu is an Architect for Huawei's campus network solutions. He has 12 years’ experience in campus network product and solution design, as well as extensive expertise in network planning and design and network engineering project implementation. Mr. Yu once led the design of multiple features across various campus network solutions. Mingxiang Huang is a Documentation Engineer for Huawei’s campus network solutions. He has three years of technical service experience, and four years of expertise in developing campus network product documentation. Mr. Huang was previously in charge of writing manuals for Huawei router and switch products. He has authored many popular technical series, including Be an OSPF Expert, Insight into Routing Policies, and Story behind Default Routes. Hailin Xu is a Documentation Engineer for Huawei’s campus network solutions. He has two years of marketing experience in smart campus solutions, and six years of expertise in developing network products and solution documentation. Extremely familiar with Huawei's campus network products and solutions, Mr. Xu was previously in charge of writing manuals for Huawei routers, switches, and campus network solutions. In addition, he has participated in smart campus marketing projects within such sectors as education, government, and real estate.
Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45 is the first ready reference to the organization and armament of Chinese ground forces during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45. The work integrates Chinese, Japanese and Western sources to examine the details of the structure and weapons of the period. Recent scholarship has contributed greatly to our understanding of China's role in the war, but this is the first book to deal with the bottom-level underpinnings of this massive army, crucial to an understanding of its tactical and operational utility. An introductory chapter discusses the military operations in China, often given short shrift in World War II histories. The work then traces the evolution of the national army's organizational structure from the end of the Northern Expedition to the conclusion of World War II. Included are tables of organization and strength reports for the wartime period. The armament section illustrates and details not only the characteristics of the many and varied weapons used in China, many seen nowhere else, but also their acquisition and such local production as was undertaken. This is complemented by a chapter on the arsenals and their evolution and production programs. The Chinese army was one of the largest of the war and it, and Japan's, fought longer than any other. It faced unique challenges, including fragmented loyalties, huge expanses of territory, poor logistics networks, inadequate arms supplies, and, often, incompetence and corruption. Nevertheless, they fought bravely in major battles through 1941 and were able to counterpunch effectively in important regions through the rest of the war. Aimed at both military historians and wargamers, this work fills an important gap in our understanding of this, the most under-appreciated army of the war.
Due to the increasing security and reliability demand of actual industrial process control systems, the study on fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of dynamic systems has received considerable attention. Fault accommodation (FA) is one of effective methods that can be used to enhance system stability and reliability, so it has been widely and in-depth investigated and become a hot topic in recent years. Fault detection is used to monitor whether a fault occurs, which is the first step in FA. On the basis of fault detection, fault estimation (FE) is utilized to determine online the magnitude of the fault, which is a very important step because the additional controller is designed using the fault estimate. Compared with fault detection, the design difficulties of FE would increase a lot, so research on FE and accommodation is very challenging. Although there have been advancements reported on FE and accommodation for dynamic systems, the common methods at the present stage have design difficulties, which limit applications of respective design approaches. Therefore, the problems of FE and accommodation are needed to be further studied. This book considers the theory and technology of FE and accommodation for dynamic systems, and establishes a systemic and comprehensive framework of FE and accommodation for continuous/discrete-time systems.
Presents the first ever guide for vehicle scanning of the dynamic properties of bridges Written by the leading author on the subject of vehicle scanning method (VSM) for bridges, this book allows engineers to monitor every bridge of concern on a regular and routine basis, for the purpose of maintenance and damage detection. It includes a review of the existing literature on the topic and presents the basic concept of extracting bridge frequencies from a moving test vehicle fitted with vibration sensors. How road surface roughness affects the vehicle scanning method is considered and a finite element simulation is conducted to demonstrate how surface roughness affects the vehicle response. Case studies and experimental results are also included. Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges covers an enhanced technique for extracting higher bridge frequencies. It examines the effect of road roughness on extraction of bridge frequencies, and looks at a dual vehicle technique for suppressing the effect of road roughness. A filtering technique for eliminating the effect of road roughness is also presented. In addition, the book covers the identification of bridge mode shapes, contact-point response for modal identification of bridges, and damage detection of bridges—all through the use of a moving test vehicle. The first book on vehicle scanning of the dynamic properties of bridges Written by the leading author on the subject Includes a state-of-the-art review of the existing works on the vehicle scanning method (VSM) Presents the basic concepts for extracting bridge frequencies from a moving test vehicle fitted with vibration sensors Includes case studies and experimental results The first book to fully cover scanning the dynamic properties of bridges with a vehicle, Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges is an excellent resource for researchers and engineers working in civil engineering, including bridge engineering and structural health monitoring.
In the 1960s and 1970s, around 17 million Chinese youths were mobilized or forced by the state to migrate to rural villages and China's frontiers. Bin Xu tells the story of how this 'sent-down' generation have come to terms with their difficult past. Exploring representations of memory including personal life stories, literature, museum exhibits, and acts of commemoration, he argues that these representations are defined by a struggle to reconcile worthiness with the political upheavals of the Mao years. These memories, however, are used by the state to construct an official narrative that weaves this generation's experiences into an upbeat story of the 'China dream'. This marginalizes those still suffering and obscures voices of self-reflection on their moral-political responsibility for their actions. Xu provides careful analysis of this generation of 'Chairman Mao's children', caught between the political and the personal, past and present, nostalgia and regret, and pride and trauma.
This book covers the major fundamentals of and the latest research on next-generation spatio-temporal recommendation systems in social media. It begins by describing the emerging characteristics of social media in the era of mobile internet, and explores the limitations to be found in current recommender techniques. The book subsequently presents a series of latent-class user models to simulate users’ behaviors in decision-making processes, which effectively overcome the challenges arising from temporal dynamics of users’ behaviors, user interest drift over geographical regions, data sparsity and cold start. Based on these well designed user models, the book develops effective multi-dimensional index structures such as Metric-Tree, and proposes efficient top-k retrieval algorithms to accelerate the process of online recommendation and support real-time recommendation. In addition, it offers methodologies and techniques for evaluating both the effectiveness and efficiency of spatio-temporal recommendation systems in social media. The book will appeal to a broad readership, from researchers and developers to undergraduate and graduate students.
Originating in the sea, especially in the waters surrounding the low-lying islands of the Maldives, Cypraea moneta (sometimes confused with Cypraea annulus) was transported to various parts of Afro-Eurasia in the prehistoric era, and in many cases, it was gradually transformed into a form of money in various societies for a long span of time. Yang provides a global examination of cowrie money within and beyond Afro-Eurasia from the archaeological period to the early twentieth century. By focusing on cowrie money in Indian, Chinese, Southeast Asian and West African societies and shell money in Pacific and North American societies, Yang synthsises and illustrates the economic and cultural connections, networks and interactions over a longue durée and in a cross-regional context. Analysing locally varied experiences of cowrie money from a global perspective, Yang argued that cowrie money was the first global money that shaped Afro-Eurasian societies both individually and collectively. He proposes a paradigm of the cowrie money world that engages local, regional, transregional and global themes.
Referencing more than 40 ancient works as well as 70 books and papers of contemporary scholars, this book opens up the civilization, society, culture and communication of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang period represented unprecedented prosperity in the ancient world. Combining the socio-cultural background of ancient China and academic achievements of modern times, this book presents an intensive and in-depth exploration of the communicative organisations, methods and ideas of that period. The book looks at Tang methods of communication, from the postal delivery system and first newspaper to military communication in times of peace and war. It also considers questions of literature, poetry and public space as well as the impact of folk culture and communication on the Tang Dynasty, and examines the intellectual atmosphere of the time and debates surrounding freedom of speech and thought, positioning the Tang Dynasty as the end of the classic world and the beginning of modern society.
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