Bette W. Oliver's Books

From Royal to National

The Louvre Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale

By: Bette Wyn Oliver

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From Royal to National

The Louvre Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale

By: Bette Wyn Oliver

Royal collections of artworks, books, and manuscripts were transformed into national institutions following the French Revolution in 1789 to serve as visible symbols of the new republic. Scholars, specialists, government officials, and patriots faced vandalism, war, and the Terror to establish great national institutions accessible to the public - the Louvre and the Bibliotheque Nationale - living monuments of French patrimony.

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126

Publisher

Lexington Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

0739118617

ISBN 13

9780739118610

Jacques Pierre Brissot in America and France, 1788–1793

In Search of Better Worlds

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Jacques Pierre Brissot in America and France, 1788–1793

In Search of Better Worlds

By: Bette W. Oliver

This book examines a decisive five-year period in the life of Jacques Pierre Brissot, one of the influential leaders of the French Revolution. An idealistic, somewhat naive journalist who became a member of the national assembly, Brissot championed the new American republic as an example for the French revolutionary government to follow. This book is not intended to serve as a biography of the Girondin leader, but rather to present an examination of his life between 1788, when he visited the United States, and 1793, when he was executed. As such, the narrative necessarily focuses on the events of the revolution as the ever-present background to Brissot's thoughts and actions. Both as a journalist and as a legislator, Brissot was consumed by the tumultuous events of the period under review. The book is based primarily on the publications, correspondence, and memoirs of Brissot, as well as materials from the Bibliotheque Nationale, the Archives Nationales, and relevant secondary sources. It also includes comparisons between Brissot's observations of America in 1788, published in 1791 as "Nouveau Voyage dans les Etats-Unis de l'Amerique Septentrionale, 1788," and those of his countryman Alexis de Tocqueville in his widely read "Democracy in America," which described his visit in 1831 and was published in 1835.

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223

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

1498535348

ISBN 13

9781498535342

Surviving the French Revolution

A Bridge across Time

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Surviving the French Revolution

A Bridge across Time

By: Bette W. Oliver

The unleashing of the French Revolution in 1789 resulted in the acceleration of time coupled with an inability to predict what might happen next. As unprecedented events outpaced the days, those caught up in the whirlwind had little time to make judicious decisions about which course of action to follow. The lack of reliable information and delays in communication between Paris and the provinces only exacerbated the situation. Consequently, some fled into exile in Europe and the United States, while others remained to take advantage of new opportunities provided by the revolutionary government. Between 1789 and 1794, the government moved from a position of hopeful cooperation to one of desperate measures instigated during the Terror of 1793–1794. As a result, those French citizens who had fled early in the revolution, including many aristocrats and the king's brothers, as well as the artist Elisabeth Vigee-LeBrun, could not return until many years later, while those who had remained, such as Vigée-LeBrun’s husband, the art dealer Jean-Baptiste Pierre LeBrun, as well as the artist Jacques-Louis David, the writers Sébastien Chamfort and André Chénier, and expelled Girondin deputies, chose survival strategies that they hoped would be successful. For all those concerned, timing was key to survival, and those who lived found that they had crossed a bridge between the Ancien Régime and the beginning of the modern world. It would not be possible to grasp the full import of the period between 1789 and 1795 until time had decelerated to a more reasonable level after the fall of Robespierre in 1794. Yet few could have then imagined that almost one hundred years would pass before a stable French republic would be established.

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146

Publisher

Lexington Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

0739174428

ISBN 13

9780739174425

Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

In Pursuit of Art (1748–1813)

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

In Pursuit of Art (1748–1813)

By: Bette W. Oliver

Jean-Baptiste Pierre LeBrun's life was marked by his intense interest in art, first as an artist, and then from 1770 until his death in 1813, as an art dealer/connoisseur and as a participant in the transformation of the Louvre into a national museum during the French Revolution. He managed to accommodate whichever regime assumed power, from monarchy to republic to empire. He married the artist Elisabeth Vigée in 1776 and together they figured prominently in the pre-revolutionary cultural world of Paris. LeBrun travelled widely, buying art for his gallery and contributing to a number of aristocratic collections. His expertise in attributions of 17th-century Dutch and Flemish paintings was acknowledged internationally, while his reference work on the subject was considered the most comprehensive ever written. LeBrun, the grand-nephew of the illustrious artist Charles LeBrun, became one of the most successful art dealers in Paris. He played an active role in the politics of art between 1789 and 1802, serving as an expert-commissioner in restoration at the national museum. His inventories of artworks, confiscated from all over Europe by Napoleon's armies, have provided a valuable record of the development of the French national museum. In addition, his inventories have been useful in the identification and recovery of Nazi confiscations during World War II. LeBrun's accomplishments during a tumultuous period of political and artistic change present evidence of his contributions to the concept of the modern art museum, notably in the areas of conservation, restoration, and arrangement.

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109

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

0761870288

ISBN 13

9780761870289

Provincial Patriot of the French Revolution

François Buzot, 1760–1794

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Provincial Patriot of the French Revolution

François Buzot, 1760–1794

By: Bette W. Oliver

This biography of François Buzot, a Girondin leader in both the Constituent Assembly (1789-91) and the National Convention (1792-93), illustrates how his early life in Evreux and his training as a lawyer influenced his ideas and actions during the French Revolution, when he championed individual rights and the rule of law in a republic. A provincial leader who distrusted the increasingly centralized government in Paris, Buzot worked tirelessly to defend departmental interests, which led his Jacobin opponents to accuse him of federalism. Buzot became an active participant in the factional disputes dividing the national assembly in 1792-93, which led to frequent attacks against him and his cohorts by the radical press and demands for their impeachment. Consequently, Buzot and twenty-nine other Girondin deputies were expelled from the assembly in June 1793 and placed under house arrest. While Buzot and some of his friends escaped and fled to Caen, those Girondins who had remained in Paris were executed that October. After their attempt to form a large departmental force to march against the government in Paris had failed, Buzot and his friends fled to St. Emilion, where they survived as fugitives, often hiding in abandoned stone quarries, until June 1794. Buzot’s memoirs, written when he was on the run in 1793-94, provide an unusual contemporary account of the difficult and dangerous period known as the Terror. In addition, letters to and from his friends, notably Madame Roland, with whom he shared a romantic relationship, offer a more personal view of Buzot than can be found in most texts. Although Buzot was honored as a local hero by the citizens of Evreux in 1789, by the summer of 1793 the authorities had declared him a traitor and ordered his home demolished, and its furnishings sold at auction. Honored again during the centennial celebration of the French Revolution, by 1989 he had almost been forgotten. This first biographical treatment in English of François Buzot, a “bourgeois gentilhomme,” provides a new dimension to the story of an important revolutionary leader.

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181

Publisher

Lexington Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

073919691X

ISBN 13

9780739196915

Orphans on the Earth

Girondin Fugitives from the Terror, 1793-94

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Orphans on the Earth

Girondin Fugitives from the Terror, 1793-94

By: Bette W. Oliver

Just as it was not foreordained that the Terror of 1793D1794 should follow the early idealistic years of the French Revolution, neither could it have been imagined that some of those elected deputies who had helped to establish the new republic would become fugitives from their own government. Yet, in May to June 1793, twenty-nine deputies of the moderate Girondin faction were expelled from the National Convention by the radical Jacobin leadership and placed under house arrest. This action followed months of irreconcilable quarrels between the Girondin and Jacobin factions. Some of the proscribed deputies chose to remain in Paris and were subsequently executed in October 1793. Others escaped, fleeing first to Caen in Normandy, where they hoped to ignite a federalist revolt against the government in Paris. When their efforts failed, a small group of the former deputies fled to nearby Brittany and then down the western coast to the Bordeaux area, where they found refuge near St. Emilion. Hiding for several months in the home and attached stone quarry of the deputy Guadet's relatives, four of these fugitives wrote their memoirs before their presence was discovered by one of Robespierre's agents. The memoirs of Fran_ois Buzot, Jerome PZtion, Charles Barbaroux, and Jean-Baptiste Louvet, in addition to correspondence between them and Jean and Manon Roland, provide the basis for this book. This is the first book to examine the lives of the fugitives during the period of the Terror (1793D94), after which only Louvet remained alive.

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141

Publisher

Lexington Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

073914068X

ISBN 13

9780739140680

Witness to the Revolution

Jean-Baptiste Louvet, 1760–1797

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Witness to the Revolution

Jean-Baptiste Louvet, 1760–1797

By: Bette W. Oliver

One of the least likely survivors of the Jacobin purge of the National Convention in early 1793 was Jean-Baptiste Louvet, the author of the popular eighteenth-century romance Les Amours du Chevalier de Faublas. Had it not been for the upheaval caused by the revolution in 1789, Louvet undoubtedly would have continued to build his promising literary career. Few of his readers could have imagined that this frail, young man would be elected as a deputy in the national assembly, where he dared to oppose powerful Jacobin leaders like Robespierre. His limited formal education and background as a bookstore clerk set Louvet apart among his legally trained friends in the Brissotin/Girondin faction; yet his intelligence, courage, and loyalty led them to appreciate his skills and friendship. Louvet would be the only one among the group to survive the proscription of the Girondins and life as a fugitive. He returned to Paris following the Jacobins’ downfall in July 1794, to serve again in the National Convention and then in the newly elected government of the Directory.

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133

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

1793618542

ISBN 13

9781793618542

From Royal to National

The Louvre Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale

By: Bette Wyn Oliver

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From Royal to National

The Louvre Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale

By: Bette Wyn Oliver

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126

Publisher

Lexington Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

0739114220

ISBN 13

9780739114223

Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

In Pursuit of Art (1748–1813)

By: Bette W. Oliver

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Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

In Pursuit of Art (1748–1813)

By: Bette W. Oliver

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109

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Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

0761870288

ISBN 13

9780761870289

Book's by Bette W. Oliver

From Royal to National

From Royal to National

Jacques Pierre Brissot in America and France, 1788–1793

Jacques Pierre Brissot in America and France, 1788–1793

Surviving the French Revolution

Surviving the French Revolution

Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

Provincial Patriot of the French Revolution

Provincial Patriot of the French Revolution

Orphans on the Earth

Orphans on the Earth

Witness to the Revolution

Witness to the Revolution

From Royal to National

From Royal to National

Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

Jean-Baptiste-Pierre LeBrun

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