This book presents novel symbolic control and data flow techniques as well as symbolic techniques and algorithms for program analysis and program optimization. Program contexts, defining a new symbolic description of program semantics for control and data flow analysis, are at the center of the techniques and methods introduced. The authors develop solutions for a number of problems encountered in program analysis by using program contexts. The solutions proposed are efficient, versatile, unified, and more general than most existing methods. The authors' symbolic analysis framework is implemented as a prototype as part of the Vienna High Performance Compiler.
This book presents novel symbolic control and data flow techniques as well as symbolic techniques and algorithms for program analysis and program optimization. Program contexts, defining a new symbolic description of program semantics for control and data flow analysis, are at the center of the techniques and methods introduced. The authors develop solutions for a number of problems encountered in program analysis by using program contexts. The solutions proposed are efficient, versatile, unified, and more general than most existing methods. The authors' symbolic analysis framework is implemented as a prototype as part of the Vienna High Performance Compiler.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology has become an indispensable component of routine veterinary diagnostics. However, a number of pitfalls and limiting factors affect its sensitivity and specificity of detection. It is imperative that veterinary
Korea and Germany are commonly described as emblematic examples of divided nations. But while Korea is still divided Germany has gone through a peaceful unification. The book offers a unique comparative study on the demographic change in these divided countries. It also investigates the developments after Germany‘s unification. Based on this demographic insights of a merged society it asks about their use and limits for a possible Korean scenario of reunification.
Concerns about global biodiversity are rising dramatically, yet we are lagging behind in the most basic prerequisite for its understanding and conservation: the inventory. Insect species may make up five or ten times the number of all other plant and animal species combined, and as such they represent one of the major challenges in biosystematic science. World Catalogue of Insects is an initiative aiming at compiling worldscale, authoritative catalogues of monophyletic insect taxa. Volumes in this series will contain standard nomenclatoral information on all names pertaining to the taxon treated, including type locality and distribution to the extent this is relevant. Additional information is optional, e.g. location, status and condition of types; biology; bibliographical information; pest status; vector status; etc. This volume seven focuses on Amphizoidae, Aspidytidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae and Paelobiidae (Coleoptera, Adephaga). (Series: World Catalogue of Insects)
In the course of the tremendous political and economic upheaval starting in 1989/1990 many industrial cities and regions in Central and Eastern Europe have been confronted with profound problems. This book presents eleven detailed national reports which describe the situation in such cities and regions as well as the strategies which have been employed to cope with structural change. The country reports are complemented by short case studies of selected cities and regions. An introduction gives background to such topics as structural change and the ramifications of EU enlargement. Finally some conclusions are drawn and recommendations offered for future policy.
Max Pechstein (1881–1955) is one of the most prominent German artists of the twentieth century, not least because of his crucial role in the breakthrough of German Expressionism. This long overdue biography combines the portrayal of an outstanding artistic personality with the story of an individual German who struggled through the political upheavals of his time. Pechstein's work is presented in the cultural context of museum politics and art associations, art dealers and critics, market forces and cultural trends.
This book presents William Clifford’s English translation of Bernhard Riemann’s classic text together with detailed mathematical, historical and philosophical commentary. The basic concepts and ideas, as well as their mathematical background, are provided, putting Riemann’s reasoning into the more general and systematic perspective achieved by later mathematicians and physicists (including Helmholtz, Ricci, Weyl, and Einstein) on the basis of his seminal ideas. Following a historical introduction that positions Riemann’s work in the context of his times, the history of the concept of space in philosophy, physics and mathematics is systematically presented. A subsequent chapter on the reception and influence of the text accompanies the reader from Riemann’s times to contemporary research. Not only mathematicians and historians of the mathematical sciences, but also readers from other disciplines or those with an interest in physics or philosophy will find this work both appealing and insightful.
Design today is a global instrument. Bernhard Bürdek traces the progress of design from its beginnings in the late 19th century, through the most significant movements of the 20th century up to those recent developments in biological engineering which will shape the 21st century. Design is now a discipline in its own right and its expertise can be incorporated within interdisciplinary processes. The most important fundamental principles of design theory and methodology are presented, looking in particular at the communicative function of products and highlighting aspects such as corporate and service design, design management, strategic design, interface/interaction design and human design.
Software engineering research has di?erent pro?les in Europe and North Am- ica.WhileinNorthAmericathere isalotofknowhowinthepractical,technical, and organizational aspects of software engineering, in Europe the work conc- trates more on foundations and formal modeling of software engineering issues. Bothapproacheshavetheirindividualstrengthsandweaknesses. Researchdriven solelyby practice insoftware engineering runs in the danger ofdevelopinginto a shallow ?eld failing to ?nd a solid scienti?c basis or to contribute substantially to the progress in software engineering. Work concentrating on formal aspects alone is in the danger of becoming too theoretical and isolated from practice so that any transfer into practical application will fail. Substantial progress in software engineering can be achieved, however, by bringing together pragmatic and foundational work in software engineering - search. This can provide a step towards a common scienti?c basis for software engineering that allows us to integrate the various research results, leading to fruitful synergetic e?ects. It will also help to identify critical research paths and to develop an adequate paradigm for the scienti?c discipline of software en- neering. In software and systems engineering it is necessary to distinguish the en- mous di?erence between the dynamics in development we refer to and the l- ited scope assumed by manyof today’ssoftware managerswho stilluse outdated techniques. Many of the unsolved problems associated with the old techniques are symptoms of a lack of formalization and a lack of automation support. It was the goal of this workshop to bring together experts from science and practice in software and systems engineering from North America and Europe.
Stroke represents a clinical syndrome of rapid onset of focal or sometimes global cerebral deficit with a vascular cause, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death. Eighty per cent of all strokes are ischaemic, 15% are due to intracerebral haemorrhage, and 5% to subarachnoid haemorrhage. Correct diagnosis is important because treatment options for ischemic stroke may be contraindicated in case of intracerebral haemorrhage. Such exact diagnosis requires state-of-the-art imaging of the brain. But which kind of imaging, how quickly should it be done, should this include imaging of cerebral blood flow, and what is the most cost effective approach? Answering these questions may help to further narrow the gap between experimental and clinical research as well may substantially improve the patient's care.
The thoroughly revised new edition of this best-seller, presents the wide use of AAS in numerous fields of application. The comparison between the different AAS techniques enables the reader to find the best solution for his analytical problem. Authors Bernhard Welz and Michael Sperling have succeeded in finding a balance between theoretical fundamentals and practical applications. The new chapter 'physical fundamentals' describes the basic principles of AAS. The development of AAS is now described in a separate chapter. Further new chapters are devoted to the latest developments in the field of flow injection and the use of computers for laboratory automation. Methodological progress e. g. speciation analysis is also covered in this new edition. The index and the extensive bibliography make this book a unique source of information. It will prove useful not only for analytical chemists, out also spectroscopists in industry, institutes, and universities. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry will also be invaluable for clinics and research institutes in the fields of biochemistry, medicine, food technology, geology, metallurgy, petrochemistry, and mineralogy.
Radiation can be absorbed and re-emitted many times in atomic vapors before it reaches the boundaries of the container encasing the vapor. This effect is known as radiation trapping. It plays an important role practically everywhere atomic vapors occur, whether in spectroscopy, gas lasers, atomic line filters, the determination of atomic lifetimes, measurements of atomic interaction potentials, or electric discharge lamps. This book is the first to assemble all of the information necessary to handle practical problems related to radiation trapping, and it emphasizes both physical insights and mathematical methods. The introduction reviews resonance radiation and collision processes in atomic vapors. This is followed by detailed explanations of the physical effects and mathematical methods for various types of problems (e.g., with or without saturation, particle diffusion, reflecting cell walls). The last part of the book describes the applications of these methods to a variety of practical problems, such as cross-section measurements and the design of discharge lamps.
This book presents a variant of UML that is especially suitable for agile development of high-quality software. It adjusts the language UML profile, called UML/P, for optimal assistance for the design, implementation, and agile evolution to facilitate its use especially in agile, yet model based development methods for data intensive or control driven systems. After a general introduction to UML and the choices made in the development of UML/P in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 includes a definition of the language elements of class diagrams and their forms of use as views and representations. Next, Chapter 3 introduces the design and semantic facets of the Object Constraint Language (OCL), which is conceptually improved and syntactically adjusted to Java for better comfort. Subsequently, Chapter 4 introduces object diagrams as an independent, exemplary notation in UML/P, and Chapter 5 offers a detailed introduction to UML/P Statecharts. Lastly, Chapter 6 presents a simplified form of sequence diagrams for exemplary descriptions of object interactions. For completeness, appendixes A–C describe the full syntax of UML/P, and appendix D explains a sample application from the E-commerce domain, which is used in all chapters. This book is ideal for introductory courses for students and practitioners alike.
This book reconstructs how claims to know ‘the lessons’ from past wrongdoings are made useful in the present. These claims are powerful tools in contemporary debates over who we are, who we want to be and what we should do. Drawing on a wide range of spoken and written texts from Austria, Denmark, Germany and the United States, this book proposes an abstract framework through which such claims can be understood. It does so by conceptualising four rhetorics of learning and how each of them links memories of past wrongdoings to opposition to present and future wrongdoings. Drawing extensively on narrative theory, Lessons from the Past? reconstructs how links between past, present and future can be narrativised, thus helping to understand the subjectivities and feelings that these stories facilitate. The book closes by considering if and how such rhetorics might live up to their promise to know ‘the lessons’ and to enable learning, offering a revised theory of collective learning processes.
This volume examines the questions of what constitutes a good life and how one can achieve happiness and well-being, and analyses different ways in which people can strive for a good life. First, it presents an overview on important concepts in psychology that are related to living a good life. Then, a new approach is introduced: the concept of art-of-living as a holistic way to reach happiness. Empirical studies are reported involving a questionnaire for measuring art-of-living, and the validity of the questionnaire is demonstrated with respect to a wide range of concepts. In addition, the volume provides results from empirical studies, showing that, and how, art-of-living and happiness can be enhanced. Several intervention studies are described in detail, which have been performed with different groups of subjects, including pupils, university students and employees. Also, results of interviews are summarized, which were held with people who had been nominated as exemplary artists-of-living. The volume concludes with a description of art-of-living in autobiographies, and presents suggestions for further research with respect to art-of-living.
Processes for developing safety-critical systems impose special demands on ensuring requirements traceability. Achieving valuable traceability information, however, is especially difficult concerning the transition from requirements to design. Bernhard Turban analyzes systems and software engineering theories cross-cutting the issue (embedded systems development, systems engineering, software engineering, requirements engineering and management, design theory and processes for safety-critical systems). As a solution, the author proposes a new tool approach to support designers in their thinking in order to achieve traceability as a by-product to normal design activities and to extend traceability information with information about design decision rationale.
This book focuses on advances in imaging and mapping strategies to study the brain's structure, function and the relationship between both, from the whole brain to the molecular and cellular tissue level in order to improve the understanding of normal and disease processes. Studies of intact living organisms may be at the human, animal, cellular or molecular level, which advance our understanding of biological events in living systems and how these events relate to normal and pathological processes. Imaging modalities include nuclear medicine techniques (SPECT and PET) and non-nuclear techniques such as MRI, MRS, CT, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, optical imaging, diffuse optical tomography, electromagnetic tomography and other methods which elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms, accelerate the understanding of biology, test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in intact living systems and assess the therapeutic outcomes.
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