Stroke represents a clinical syndrome of rapid onset of focal or sometimes global cerebral deficit with a vascular cause, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death. Eighty per cent of all strokes are ischaemic, 15% are due to intracerebral haemorrhage, and 5% to subarachnoid haemorrhage. Correct diagnosis is important because treatment options for ischemic stroke may be contraindicated in case of intracerebral haemorrhage. Such exact diagnosis requires state-of-the-art imaging of the brain. But which kind of imaging, how quickly should it be done, should this include imaging of cerebral blood flow, and what is the most cost effective approach? Answering these questions may help to further narrow the gap between experimental and clinical research as well may substantially improve the patient's care.
This book focuses on advances in imaging and mapping strategies to study the brain's structure, function and the relationship between both, from the whole brain to the molecular and cellular tissue level in order to improve the understanding of normal and disease processes. Studies of intact living organisms may be at the human, animal, cellular or molecular level, which advance our understanding of biological events in living systems and how these events relate to normal and pathological processes. Imaging modalities include nuclear medicine techniques (SPECT and PET) and non-nuclear techniques such as MRI, MRS, CT, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, optical imaging, diffuse optical tomography, electromagnetic tomography and other methods which elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms, accelerate the understanding of biology, test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in intact living systems and assess the therapeutic outcomes.
Endogenous neuoprotection is a phenomenon where a brief episode of ischemia renders the brain resistant against a subsequent longer-asting ischemia event. Experimentally, the author was able to model hypoxic preconditioning in animal model. Increasing knowledge of this endogenous neuroprotectin by ischemic tolerance may help to minimize neuronal damage following ischemic stroke and hypoxic encephalopathy. This book is, therefore, the first overview of this important topic and will certainly influence further investigations in clinical and neuroscience research.
The thoroughly revised new edition of this best-seller, presents the wide use of AAS in numerous fields of application. The comparison between the different AAS techniques enables the reader to find the best solution for his analytical problem. Authors Bernhard Welz and Michael Sperling have succeeded in finding a balance between theoretical fundamentals and practical applications. The new chapter 'physical fundamentals' describes the basic principles of AAS. The development of AAS is now described in a separate chapter. Further new chapters are devoted to the latest developments in the field of flow injection and the use of computers for laboratory automation. Methodological progress e. g. speciation analysis is also covered in this new edition. The index and the extensive bibliography make this book a unique source of information. It will prove useful not only for analytical chemists, out also spectroscopists in industry, institutes, and universities. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry will also be invaluable for clinics and research institutes in the fields of biochemistry, medicine, food technology, geology, metallurgy, petrochemistry, and mineralogy.
Visualization, Visual Analytics and Virtual Reality in Medicine: State-of-the-art Techniques and Applications describes important techniques and applications that show an understanding of actual user needs as well as technological possibilities. The book includes user research, for example, task and requirement analysis, visualization design and algorithmic ideas without going into the details of implementation. This reference will be suitable for researchers and students in visualization and visual analytics in medicine and healthcare, medical image analysis scientists and biomedical engineers in general. Visualization and visual analytics have become prevalent in public health and clinical medicine, medical flow visualization, multimodal medical visualization and virtual reality in medical education and rehabilitation. Relevant applications now include digital pathology, virtual anatomy and computer-assisted radiation treatment planning. - Combines visualization, virtual reality and analytics - Written by leading researchers in the field - Gives the latest state-of-the-art techniques and applications
Concerns about global biodiversity are rising dramatically, yet we are lagging behind in the most basic prerequisite for its understanding and conservation: the inventory. Insect species may make up five or ten times the number of all other plant and animal species combined, and as such they represent one of the major challenges in biosystematic science. World Catalogue of Insects is an initiative aiming at compiling worldscale, authoritative catalogues of monophyletic insect taxa. Volumes in this series will contain standard nomenclatoral information on all names pertaining to the taxon treated, including type locality and distribution to the extent this is relevant. Additional information is optional, e.g. location, status and condition of types; biology; bibliographical information; pest status; vector status; etc. This volume seven focuses on Amphizoidae, Aspidytidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae and Paelobiidae (Coleoptera, Adephaga). (Series: World Catalogue of Insects)
Today, the East African state of Tanzania is renowned for wildlife preserves such as the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, and the Selous Game Reserve. Yet few know that most of these initiatives emerged from decades of German colonial rule. This book gives the first full account of Tanzanian wildlife conservation up until World War I, focusing upon elephant hunting and the ivory trade as vital factors in a shift from exploitation to preservation that increasingly excluded indigenous Africans. Analyzing the formative interactions between colonial governance and the natural world, The Nature of German Imperialism situates East African wildlife policies within the global emergence of conservationist sensibilities around 1900.
In Climate Obstruction: How Denial, Delay and Inaction are Heating the Planet, Kristoffer Ekberg, Bernhard Forchtner, Martin Hultman and Kirsti Jylhä bring together crucial insights from environmental history, sociology, media and communication studies and psychology to help us understand why we are failing to take necessary measures to avert the unfolding climate crisis. They do so by examining the variety of ways in which meaningful climate action has been obstructed. This ranges from denial of the scientific evidence for human-induced climate change and its policy consequences, to (seemingly sincere) acknowledgement of scientific evidence while nevertheless delaying meaningful climate action. The authors also consider all those actions by which often well-meaning individuals and collectives (unintendedly) hamper climate action. In doing so, this book maps out arguments and strategies that have been used to counter environmental protection and regulation since the 1960s by, first and foremost, corporations supported by conservative actors, but also far-right ones as well as ordinary citizens. This timely and accessible book provides tools and lessons to understand, identify and call out such arguments and strategies, and points to actions and systemic and cultural changes needed to avert or at least mitigate the climate crisis.
The Ore Minerals Under the Microscope: An Optical Guide, Second Edition, is a very detailed color atlas for ore/opaque minerals (ore microscopy), with a main emphasis on name and synonyms, short descriptions, mineral groups, chemical compositions, information on major formation environments, optical data, reflection color/shade comparison with four common/standard minerals of a similar color or grey shade, and up to five high-quality photos for each mineral with scale. In addition, the atlas contains a compilation from some of the prominent publications in the field of ore microscopy presented on a list of 431 minerals. - Concise, full-color pictorial reference for scientists and geologists - Explains how to describe and identify microscopic samples of minerals - Draws material from prominent literature yielding more than 400 different minerals
Now in its second edition, this comprehensive history of the Celts draws on archaeological, historical, literary and linguistic evidence to provide a comprehensive and colourful overview from origins to the present. Divided into three parts, the first covers the continental Celts in prehistory and antiquity, complete with accounts of the Celts in Germany, France, Italy, Iberia and Asia Minor. Part Two follows the Celts from the departure of the Romans to the late Middle Ages, including the migrations to and settlements in Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Brittany. This section also includes discussions of the Celtic kingdoms and the significance of Christianisation. Part Three brings the history of the Celts up to the present, covering the assimilation of the Celts within the national cultures of Great Britain, France and Ireland. Included in this consideration are the suppression of Gaelic, the declines, revivals and survivals of languages and literatures, and the histories of Celtic culture. The book concludes with a discussion of the recent history of the meaning of 'Celtic' and an examination of the cultural legacy of the Celts in the modern era.
rope it was mainly the states of the northern and centrat European areas which succeeded in achieving the extermi nation or at least the regression of brucellosis. (The origi nal plan to present the conditions in Asia and Oceania, in cluding Australia, in maps as weil, and thereby to achieve a comprehensive worldwide review of the known and as certainable distribution of brucellosis, was not, however, practicable. ) Information available from these parts of the world, especially from Asia, is so fragmentary that the great expense required for the compilation of the map did not seem justified. On the other hand it seemed desirable to collate and document these data which had been ac quired as a basis for future research. It is tobe hoped that, at a later date, when more comprehensive data become available, the Heidelberg Academy will be able to decide to support a cartographic presentation of the occurrence of brucellosis in these parts of the world as weil. Last, but not least, the intensive research carried out by bacteriologists had led to the discovery of new species of Brucella, such as B. ovis, B. canis and B. neotomae. Further types - such as Type 4 of B. suis which occurs in reindeer and caribou - were identified. Though these new species and types, which are undoubtedly to be classed with the brucellae, have achieved regional significance in places, the three dassie species B. melitensis, B. abortus and B.
The international community's practice of administering territories in post-conflict environments has raised important legal questions. Using Kosovo as a case study, Bernhard Knoll analyses the identity of the administrating UN organ, the ways in which the territories under consideration have acquired partial subjectivity in international law and the nature of legal obligations in the fiduciary exercise of transitional administration developed within the League of Nations' Mandate and the UN Trusteeship systems. Knoll discusses Kosovo's internal political and constitutional order and notes the absence of some of the characteristics normally found in liberal democracies, before proposing that the UN consolidates accountability guidelines related to the protection of human rights and the development of democratic standards should it engage in the transitional administration of territory.
Based on a number of sample systems of varying complexity, this book illustrates the practical aspects of developing expert systems and knowledge-based applications software. The programming language used is Prolog (Clocksin-Mellish standard). The examples deal with such topics as techniques for heuristic optimization, the implementation of "frames", the construction of explanatory components, etc. The complete, functional code for the sample systems is provided in the appendix and can be used as a basis for further development. This book is not only suitable for self-study, seminars or lectures, but also as a valuable reference and guide for software developers in both commercial and academic environments.
Bernhard Bischoff (1906-1991) was one of the most renowned scholars of medieval palaeography of the twentieth century. His most outstanding contribution to learning was in the field of Carolingian studies, where his work is based on the catalogue of all extant ninth-century manuscripts and fragments. In this book, Michael Gorman has selected and translated seven of his classic essays on aspects of eighth- and ninth-century culture. They include an investigation of the manuscript evidence and the role of books in the transmission of culture from the sixth to the ninth century, and studies of the court libraries of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. Bischoff also explores centres of learning outside the court in terms of the writing centres and the libraries associated with major monastic and cathedral schools respectively. This rich collection provides a full, coherent study of Carolingian culture from a number of different yet interdependent aspects, providing insights for scholars and students alike.
This book focuses on hormones, and on how they are produced in very diverse regions of the body in humans and animals. But hormones can be found not only in vertebrates, but also in insects, shellfish, spiders, mollusks, even at the origin of metazoan diversification and exhibit the same pathways of synthesis. The book addresses the different classes of hormones: protein/peptides hormones, steroids and juvenile hormones and hormones like catecholamines, thyroid hormones and melatonin. It also discusses the types of hormone receptors, the majority of which are heptahelical G-protein coupled receptors or nuclear receptors. Particular attention is paid to the organs where hormones are created, with specifics on hormonal production and release, while a dedicated chapter details hormonal regulation from very simple to highly complex schemes. The remarkable kinetics of hormones production are also shown, before the book is rounded out by chapters on evolution in the endocrine system, the genetics of endocrine diseases and doping.
Visualization in Medicine is the first book on visualization and its application to problems in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book describes the algorithms, the applications and their validation (how reliable are the results?), and the clinical evaluation of the applications (are the techniques useful?). It discusses visualization techniques from research literature as well as the compromises required to solve practical clinical problems. The book covers image acquisition, image analysis, and interaction techniques designed to explore and analyze the data. The final chapter shows how visualization is used for planning liver surgery, one of the most demanding surgical disciplines. The book is based on several years of the authors' teaching and research experience. Both authors have initiated and lead a variety of interdisciplinary projects involving computer scientists and medical doctors, primarily radiologists and surgeons.* A core field of visualization and graphics missing a dedicated book until now* Written by pioneers in the field and illustrated in full color* Covers theory as well as practice
Stroke represents a clinical syndrome of rapid onset of focal or sometimes global cerebral deficit with a vascular cause, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death. Eighty per cent of all strokes are ischaemic, 15% are due to intracerebral haemorrhage, and 5% to subarachnoid haemorrhage. Correct diagnosis is important because treatment options for ischemic stroke may be contraindicated in case of intracerebral haemorrhage. Such exact diagnosis requires state-of-the-art imaging of the brain. But which kind of imaging, how quickly should it be done, should this include imaging of cerebral blood flow, and what is the most cost effective approach? Answering these questions may help to further narrow the gap between experimental and clinical research as well may substantially improve the patient's care.
Endogenous neuoprotection is a phenomenon where a brief episode of ischemia renders the brain resistant against a subsequent longer-asting ischemia event. Experimentally, the author was able to model hypoxic preconditioning in animal model. Increasing knowledge of this endogenous neuroprotectin by ischemic tolerance may help to minimize neuronal damage following ischemic stroke and hypoxic encephalopathy. This book is, therefore, the first overview of this important topic and will certainly influence further investigations in clinical and neuroscience research.
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