Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-524/ A project was initiated by the Nordsyn group, with the aim to assess two different voluntary energy labelling schemes for taps in Europe, in the context of ongoing development of test methods and a possible mandatory energy label for water taps within EU. The first label is the Unified Water Label (UWL), promoted by the European Bathroom Forum (EBF, representing manufacturers of water taps, shower heads etc in Europe), and the second one is the Swedish Energy label for water taps, developed by the Swedish Technical Committee TK519 (consisting of Swedish manufacturers and the Swedish Energy Agency).Whereas the UWL is based on water flow only, the Swedish label is based on both water flow and rinsing performance. The results show that the Swedish label is better in differentiating between taps in terms of energy use and, according to preliminary results, also in terms of water use.
This captivating volume brings together case studies drawn from four post-Soviet states—Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. The collected papers illustrate how the events that started in 1985 and brought down the USSR six years later led to the rise of fifteen successor states, with their own historicized collective memories. The volume’s analyses juxtapose history textbooks for secondary schools and universities, and how they aim to create understandings as well as identities that are politically usable, within their different contexts. From this emerges a picture of multiple perestroika(s) and diverging development paths. Only in Ukraine—a country that recently experienced two popular uprisings, the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity—the people themselves are ascribed agency and the power to change their country. In the other three states, elites are, instead, presented as prime movers of society, as is historical determinism. The volume’s contributors are Diana Bencheci, Andrei Dudchik, Liliya Erushkina, Marharyta Fabrykant, Alexandr Gorylev, Andrey Kashin, Alla Marchenko, Valerii Mosneagu, Alexey Rusakov, Natalia Tregubova, and Yuliya Yurchuk.
Are world views once formed during childhood and adolescence stable over life or do they change when they come under pressure from new institutional contexts? This book seeks the answer by revisiting an aged political generation growing up in historically unique interwar Estonia but living their adult lives in exile.
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