Stuck mulling over a problem? It is hard for you to make decisions? Do you struggle to be creative, original and innovative? Are you ever overwhelmed information overload? Do you get thinker's block? The four elements of thinking introduces tools in your thinker's toolbox. This book encourages you to think about the process of thinking. The four elements of thinking introduces a methodical, practical and pragmatic approach to thinking. It associates the four vital aspects of thinking (Reasoning, Creativity, Synthesis, and Evaluation) with easy to remember mnemonics (Earth, Air, Water, and Fire). It presents a system to improve your skills at managing information, decision-making, creativity, reasoning and problem solving. The book encourages shrewd thinking through mental agility and fluency. It will allow you to see new opportunities and solutions by engaging key mental tools during the thinking process. The four elements introduces a method for systematic investigation of the deep study of a subject. Each of the four elements of thinking is comprised of four components. In turn, each of the components is comprised of principles which are tools in a thinker's toolkit. The elements of Earth, Air, Water and Fire remind you to apply Reasoning, Creativity, Synthesis and Evaluation throughout the thinking process. Empedocles from ancient Greece claimed the world was composed of the four elements of Earth, Air, Fire, Water. Consequently, these elements are easy to remember because they are infused into popular culture.EARTH THINKING represents reasoning that is coherent and logical. It is composed of the Evidence, Inductive reasoning, Deductive reasoning and Abductive reasoning components. EVIDENCE is gathering, recording, classifying and processing facts to create a foundation for conclusions. INDUCTIVE REASONING develops principles from the particular to the general. DEDUCTIVE REASONING goes from the general to the particular starting from premises and ending with a conclusion. ABDUCTIVE REASONING draws reasonable conclusions from the available evidence through a hypothesis that accounts for all of the available and reliable facts.AIR THINKING is a proxy for creativity. It is composed of the Investigation, Incubation, Insight and Innovation components. INVESTIGATION builds a foundation of knowledge through curiosity, exploration, inquiry, examination, and experimentation. INCUBATION is the deliberate application of creative thought through contemplation, preparation, and immersive study. INSIGHT is the processing of making a creative leap to a solution spurred from an intuitive understanding a problem. INNOVATION is The deliberate act of creating unique, and original ideas and solutions. WATER THINKING symbolizes synthesis which is composed of the Linking, Perspective, Synthesis and Pivots components. LINKING finds connections and patterns between concepts to reduce a complex problem into manageable parts. PERSPECTIVE develops a framework for thinking by identifying trends and a greater context. SYNTHESIS compares, contrasts and combines to achieve comprehension of how interconnected parts form a whole. PIVOTS find the key aspects of a subject and the most vital elements in a problem. FIRE THINKING stands for Evaluation. It is composed of the Decision, Judgment, Contingency and Validation components. DECISIONS require making trade-offs and identifying selection criteria to make intelligent choices. JUDGMENT arrives at objective, practical, wise and reasonable conclusions through assessment and evaluation. CONTINGENCY PLANS are developed by understanding risks and anticipating failures to adapt to changing circumstances. VALIDATION ascertains the truth by testing for the reliability and credibility of information.
Qualitative models are better able than traditional models to express states of incomplete knowledge about continuous mechanisms. Qualitative simulation guarantees to find all possible behaviors consistent with the knowledge in the model. This expressive power and coverage is important in problem solving for diagnosis, design, monitoring, explanation, and other applications of artificial intelligence.
Looks at southern Chinese martial arts traditions and how they have become important to local identity and narratives of resistance. This book explores the social history of southern Chinese martial arts and their contemporary importance to local identity and narratives of resistance. Hong Kongs Bruce Lee ushered the Chinese martial arts onto an international stage in the 1970s. Lees teacher, Ip Man, master of Wing Chun Kung Fu, has recently emerged as a highly visible symbol of southern Chinese identity and pride. Benjamin N. Judkins and Jon Nielson examine the emergence of Wing Chun to reveal how this body of social practices developed and why individuals continue to turn to the martial arts as they navigate the challenges of a rapidly evolving environment. After surveying the development of hand combat traditions in Guangdong Province from roughly the start of the nineteenth century until 1949, the authors turn to Wing Chun, noting its development, the changing social attitudes towards this practice over time, and its ultimate emergence as a global art form.
Annotation. Many of China's rivers and lakes are strongly polluted, the air in cities is amongst the worst in the world, while some have warned that if the country is not careful it may soon have insufficient arable land to feed its population. This book looks at why the protection of natural resources through stricter legislation and more stringent law enforcement has been so difficult. It does so through a combination of a local case with comparative and theoretical insights about lawmaking, compliance and enforcement. It offers a unique view on how law functions in the world's largest legal system, and how such law interacts with the social, economic and political circumstances at hand. This book offers an incomparable body of empirical and theoretical knowledge for those interested in how law functions in China, as well as those interested in the workings of regulatory lawmaking, compliance, and enforcement in a comparative perspective. This title can be previewed in Google Books - http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9789087280130.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Efficient particle separation in order to meet stringent regulatory standards represent one of the biggest challenges facing the process industry operators today. Emerging environmental problems such as climate change, population growth and natural resource depletion make it more compelling to undertake research into alternative phase separation techniques and optimization of existing ones. Meeting this challenge requires innovative, revolutionary and integrated approach in the design and optimization of various unit processes in fine particle separation. Flocculation is widely used as an effective phase separation technique across many process industries such as water and wastewater treatment and in minerals processing. In this work, a new pre-treatment technique was developed using a patented bench scale reactor unit as a technical proof of concept. Furthermore, the book provides a valuable insight into the hydrodynamics and fluid-particle interactions within the agglomeration units. The relatively high solids content of the stable pellets (approximately 30 %) and very low residual turbidity of the post-sedimentation supernatant (7 NTU) clearly demonstrate the potential of this technique. In addition to significantly improving the subsequent solid-liquid separation efficiency, this study also showed that the effluent can be recycled back into the sewer network or utilized for non-portable reuse. The findings obtained from this research will be extremely useful in the scaling up and optimization of the reactor system.
Benjamin A. Edsall re-opens the old quest for the preaching and teaching of the early Church through a new approach that draws on ancient communication practices. Given that ancient communicators relied explicitly on what they presumed their interlocutors to know, the author reconstructs early Christian instruction through Pauline appeals to previous knowledge, both explicit and implicit.
This widely acclaimed book is a complete, authoritative reference on nutrition and its role in contemporary medicine, dietetics, nursing, public health, and public policy. Distinguished international experts provide in-depth information on historical landmarks in nutrition, specific dietary components, nutrition in integrated biologic systems, nutritional assessment through the life cycle, nutrition in various clinical disorders, and public health and policy issues. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, Eleventh Edition, offers coverage of nutrition's role in disease prevention, international nutrition issues, public health concerns, the role of obesity in a variety of chronic illnesses, genetics as it applies to nutrition, and areas of major scientific progress relating nutrition to disease.
The Disease Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classifications, and Natural Evolution of Perthes’ Disease, Imaging for Perthes’ Disease, Prognostic Factors and Outcome MeasuresSection II – Treatment Early in the Course of the Disease (Onset to the Early Fragmentation Stage)Principles of Containment Treatment Aimed at Preventing Femoral Head Deformation in Perthes’ Disease ContainmentSection III – Treatment Late in the Course of the Disease (Late Fragmentation Stage to Early Reconstitution StagePrinciples of Treatment in the Late Stages of Perthes’ DiseaseValgus Osteotomy for Hinge AbductionShelf and/or Reduction and Containment Surgery, Articulated DistractionSection IV- Treatment After Complete Healing of Perthes’ DiseasePrinciples of Treatment of the Sequelae of Perthes’ Disease, Treatment of Coxa Brevis, Re-Shaping the Deformed Femoral Head, Treatment of Femoro-Acetabular Impingement, Resurfacing and THRASection V- Newer Treatment Options Bisphosphonates, Core Decompression
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