This book exposes significant threats to research integrity and identifies policies and practices that can reverse these trends. It is focused on human research and US policy. Recent assessments have shown inadequacies in institutions, policies, and practices that seriously compromise ethics. The presumed self-regulatory nature of the scientific endeavor has been exposed to have allowed unabated areas of poor-quality science, an incomplete and inaccessible scientific record, conflicts of interest, differing notions of accountability, virtually no evidence base to direct research integrity policy, and a growing sense of alienation, moral injury and even revolt among scientists. Reconstructing Research Integrity aims to capture ways of vigorously moving toward scientific and ethical rigor, including self-correction and emerging or already-successful initiatives. The book begins with analysis of the full system of institutions, policies, and practices involved in production, dissemination, and application of research, including an examination of the blind spots in research ethics ideology, policy, and practice. The book then identifies policies and practices that can reverse harmful ethical trends, such as strengthening Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training and improving self-regulation in the scientific community. Finally, the book discusses the constant evolution of research ethics and integrity, which is illustrated by emerging research fields like gene editing and data science. This book will be of interest to all research administrators in academic, commercial and government positions; to policy advisors at the National Science Foundation and at the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine; to graduate students in research ethics; to advanced bioethics education programs across the globe; and to researchers and consultants in ELSI (ethical, legal, and social implications) programs.
An analysis of current biomedical research misconduct policy that proposes a new approach emphasizing the context of misconduct and improved oversight. Federal regulations that govern research misconduct in biomedicine have not been able to prevent an ongoing series of high-profile cases of fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing scientific research. In this book, Barbara Redman looks critically at current research misconduct policy and proposes a new approach that emphasizes institutional context and improved oversight. Current policy attempts to control risk at the individual level. But Redman argues that a fair and effective policy must reflect the context in which the behavior in question is embedded. As journalists who covered many research misconduct cases observed, the roots of fraud “lie in the barrel, not in the bad apples that occasionally roll into view.” Drawing on literature in related fields—including moral psychology, the policy sciences, the organizational sciences, and law—as well as analyses of misconduct cases, Redman considers research misconduct from various perspectives. She also examines in detail a series of clinical research cases in which repeated misconduct went undetected and finds laxity of oversight, little attention to harm done, and inadequate correction of the scientific record. Study questions enhance the book's value for graduate and professional courses in research ethics. Redman argues that the goals of any research misconduct policy should be to protect scientific capital (knowledge, scientists, institutions, norms of science), support fair competition, contain harms to end users and to the public trust, and enable science to meet its societal obligations.
The goal of this book is to fill the many gaps that health care providers face when helping women learn self care and prevention skills. Special attention is paid to minority status, low literacy, and elderly women who may have fewer opportunities to find health information independently. While this is ample information on reproductive health available, women experience a lack of timely information on nonreproductive health issues, such major killers as lung cancer and cardiovascular disease; adequate information for family caregivers, who are mostly women; and other disorders, ranging from AIDS to osteoporosis and urinary incontinence. Nurses, health educators, physicians, and those interested in women's health will find this an eye-opening and important resource.
Based upon studies that use interview scales or other methods of gathering data that feature psychometric characteristics Barbara Redman's text assesses these methodologies and the wider debate concerning evolving ethical standards in medicine.
This book provides an integrative analysis of new advances in patient education, and the current state of the field. Written by one of patient education's foremost experts, the book focuses on the following important areas: learning theory; ethics; measurement & outcomes; preparation for self management of chronic disease; mode of delivery; and mental health. The growing importance of patient-centered care, and the large number of persons with one or more chronic diseases offers patient education the opportunity to grow as an independent and fundamental part of the health care system.
Measurement Instruments in Clinical Ethics presents an overview of studies of ethical concepts in clinical and research activities. The studies covered use interview scales or other methods of gathering data that have undergone rigorous analysis of their psychometric characteristics. This book describes these instruments and critiques their stage of development. This work strives to further the debate regarding what evolving ethical standards mean for clinicians and researchers.
Named a 2013 Doody's Core Title! The trend toward patient self-management (PSM) of chronic disease is accelerating at a rapid pace along with the evolution of home-based or mobile technologies to support this care. Yet the development of self-management practice standards and advanced practice nursing support has been haphazard. This book fills a glaring void by addressing, against a backdrop of current best practices in PSM, such questions as: What are appropriate standards of safety in PSM? How can we be assured those standards are met? How does one reach a good prognosis about whether or not patients will be able to practice PSM? What level of effectiveness and efficiency should PSM reach to be considered a good policy option? Grounded in a clear ethical practice framework for PSM regimens, the text discusses PSM of the major chronic diseases along with best practice intervention strategies. The text maps out the implementation of the PSM framework for both patient and institution, supported by numerous case examples. Also addressed are PSM challenges to Advanced Practice Nursing, three ethically valid assessment tools, and relevant health policy concerns. Offering study questions and answers, the text is designed for course adoption and as a resource at MSN, DNP, and PhD levels Key Features: Presents clear ethical practice framework for PSM regimens Explores PSM in the major chronic diseases along with case studies Discusses PSM challenges to Advanced Practice Nursing Provides three ethically valid assessment tools Useful for course adoption and a resource at MSN, DNP, and PhD levels
Federal regulations that govern research misconduct in biomedicine have not been able to prevent an ongoing series of high-profile cases of fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing scientific research. In this book, Barbara Redman looks critically at current research misconduct policy and proposes a new approach that emphasizes institutional context and improved oversight.
Approximately 15 diseases are covered in this theoretically based manual, which includes evidence-based standards for patient education for each disease.
With patients leaving the hospital sicker and more care being done in outpatient settings or at home, patients need to become active, informed participants on their health care team. This one-of-a-kind text provides unique advice to help nurses apply their knowledge and skills to teaching patients in the clinical setting with specific diseases, including special populations. The book is organized into two basic sections - the first describes the theories and process of learning and teaching, and the second focuses on the major fields of patient education practice in place today. The new case study approach also makes it easy for students to understand how to apply teaching strategies to specific patient types resulting in better informed patients and a more positive teaching/learning experience. Covers a variety of learning theories and concepts, as well as strategies for applying them in patient teaching. Uses evidence-based patient education practice, with extensive citations to the research base. Presents key issues in patient education such as literacy, use of patient decision aids, and multiple patient conditions for which organized patient education should be developed. Includes study questions with suggested answers. Teaching basics streamlined for use as the main text for a course or as a supplement to any clinically oriented course. Includes multiple case examples, at every stage of the teaching process, which students can use as models to guide their own practice. New case study approach provides multiple case examples enabling readers to understand how to apply teaching strategies to specific patient types and settings. Now includes significant content in patient self-management of chronic conditions, the largest growing area of patient education.
These writings have evolved properly over living many years on the planet and enjoying observations of my fellow man. It's about learning how to flow within the rhythm of all “LIFE FORMS” and laughing about silly things incredulous human beings do. It’s about loving the human race, and living everywhere on the planet at one time; it’s about you! Note: There is no intention on my part to be cogent as these writings have come about from a knowing heart! Upon using the words man and he, I am referring to the Homo Sapien species which include both male/female gender as we know it at the time of these writings.
This project aimed to make the value chain of planted wood in the Lao PDR more efficient. This improved both the international competitiveness of Lao wood industries and the livelihoods of farmers and processing workers. Laos has an emerging forest plantation industry. The timber industry has rapidly grown over the past three decades, based on both smallholder and corporate growers. The Lao PDR government envisages a substantial forest plantation estate, with 500,000 hectares of tree plantations by 2020. Plantations and planted trees can financially benefit Lao PDR and smallholder growers, but the export value of finished wood products is low compared with squared logs or basic sawn wood. Many challenges, constraints and opportunities need to be addressed to maximise returns to smallholders and develop competitive value-added wood industries. Some elements of the value chain require intervention to increase returns to smallholders, wood processors and manufacturers. ACIAR research aims to make these elements more efficient. The project built upon a previous project, FST/2005/100 Value-adding to Lao plantation timber products, which built capacity and enhanced the range, quality and value of manufactured wood products in Lao PDR."--Website.
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