I. OVERVIEW Legal Issues in Mental HeaIth Care is aimed at the mental health clinician who provides services on either an inpatient or an outpatient basis. It is written for psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, and other therapists to help them understand and manage legal issues in their daily practice. The issues covered apply to therapists who work for an agency or hospital as weil as those who work independently. The book is meant to serve as a handbook, but it also provides a quick resource as legal questions arise which are related to the obligations of the therapist. It ad dresses the legal issues that confront the clinician. It is not aimed at the clinicianwho specializes in forensie mental health issues, because the information provided does not reach that level of detail or sophistication. Nor is it aimed at the scholar, because our goal is to provide practical information in a clear and concise format. Wehave not addressed the wide array of laws protecting the mentally disabled from discrirnina tion-most notably, the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)and the Fair Housing Act. Most states also have laws that prohibit discrimination in employment, services, and housing. These issues are beyond the scope of this book because we are address ing the legal issues that arise in providing care, rather than the rights of mentally disabled persons. 11. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK The book consists of eleven chapters and a Glossary of Legal Terms.
I. OVERVIEW Legal Issues in Mental HeaIth Care is aimed at the mental health clinician who provides services on either an inpatient or an outpatient basis. It is written for psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, and other therapists to help them understand and manage legal issues in their daily practice. The issues covered apply to therapists who work for an agency or hospital as weil as those who work independently. The book is meant to serve as a handbook, but it also provides a quick resource as legal questions arise which are related to the obligations of the therapist. It ad dresses the legal issues that confront the clinician. It is not aimed at the clinicianwho specializes in forensie mental health issues, because the information provided does not reach that level of detail or sophistication. Nor is it aimed at the scholar, because our goal is to provide practical information in a clear and concise format. Wehave not addressed the wide array of laws protecting the mentally disabled from discrirnina tion-most notably, the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)and the Fair Housing Act. Most states also have laws that prohibit discrimination in employment, services, and housing. These issues are beyond the scope of this book because we are address ing the legal issues that arise in providing care, rather than the rights of mentally disabled persons. 11. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK The book consists of eleven chapters and a Glossary of Legal Terms.
This book covers recent results in the analysis, identification and control of systems described by Volterra models. Topics covered include: qualitative behavior of finite Volterra models compared and contrasted with other nonlinear model classes, structural restrictions and extensions to Volterra model class, least squares and stochastic identification approaches, model inversion issues, and direct synthesis and model predictive control design, guidelines for practical applications. Examples are drawn from Chemical, Biological and Electrical Engineering. The book is suitable as a text for a graduate control course, or as a reference for both research and practice.
Few people doubt that the mother's milk provides the best food for the full-terrn infant during the first few months of life, when the digestive, absorptive and excretory systems are relatively immature. The develop ment of the digestive enzymes is detailed in Chapter 4. The significance of this immaturity first emerged as a consequence of the pioneering work of Professor Robert McCance and Dr Elsie Widdowson in human nutrition, when they studied the electrolyte and nitrogen excretion of babies and young animals. To quote Professor McCance, 'Inefficient though the kidneys were by adult standards, they were capable ofmaintaining homeo stasis, provided the infant and animals were growing while being fed on food of exactly the right composition - that is, the milk of the mother. ' (Ashwell, 1993). One should not forget that although the mother protects the developing baby against much nutritional abuse, the baby may be still be affected by matemal nutrition, and this is discussed in Chapter 2. The superior qualities of breast milk are still recognized, and research continues to discover yet more factors in breast milk significant to the health of the baby for possible inclusion in formulas. The immature stage of development ofthe baby means that while enough nutrients for optimal growth of all tissues are required, excessive quantities may cause intoxica tion. Tight specifications are essential, since unlike the adult the newbom depends on a single food.
Cyber-Physical Power System State Estimation updates classic state estimation tools to enable real-time operations and optimize reliability in modern electric power systems. The work introduces and contextualizes the core concepts and classic approaches to state estimation modeling. It builds on these classic approaches with a suite of data-driven models and non-synchronized measurement tools to reflect current measurement trends required by increasingly more sophisticated grids. Chapters outline core definitions, concepts and the network analysis procedures involved in the real-time operation of EPS. Specific sections introduce power flow problem in EPS, highlighting network component modeling and power flow equations for state estimation before addressing quasi static state estimation in electrical power systems using Weighted Least Squares (WLS) classical and alternatives formulations. Particularities of the state estimation process in distribution systems are also considered. Finally, the work goes on to address observability analysis, measurement redundancy and the processing of gross errors through the analysis of WLS static state estimator residuals. Develops advanced approaches to smart grid real-time monitoring through quasi-static model state estimation and non-synchronized measurements system models Presents a novel, extended optimization, physics-based model which identifies and corrects for measurement error presently egregiously discounted in classic models Demonstrates how to embed cyber-physical security into smart grids for real-time monitoring Introduces new approaches to calculate power flow in distribution systems and for estimating distribution system states Incorporates machine-learning based approaches to complement the state estimation process, including pattern recognition-based solutions, principal component analysis and support vector machines
The study of the biological effects of foreign chemicals (whether therapeutic drugs or chemicals present at work or in the environment) interests the biologist from a number of different and complementary viewpoints. Apart from the more obvious pharmacological and toxicological interest, the experimentalist often uses foreign chemicals to produce in experimental animals disease states similar to naturally occurring diseases, so that their pathogenetic mechanisms and therapy can be studied under controlled conditions. In addition - as Claude Bernard pointed out over a century ago - foreign chemicals can be employed as instruments to analyze the most delicate vital processes; much can be learned about the physiological processes themselves by a careful study of the mechanisms by which these are altered by chemicals. The field of heme and hemoproteins offers an example of the interplay of these different approaches. Their metabolism can be altered by therapeutic drugs and other foreign chemicals and this results in a variety of biological responses that transcend the boundaries of pharmacology into the confines of clinical medi cine, genetics, toxicology, biochemistry and physiology. In this book a multidisciplinary approach to the study of heme metabolism is presented including the effect of chemicals on heme metabolism in patients, the results of experimental work in the whole animal, as well as in vitro studies.
Any healthcare professional with, or developing an interest in, clinical nutrition will be able to use this textbook, first published in 2001, as a source of information for the formation of a clinical nutrition support service of excellence. The first three parts of the book will enable a clear perspective of the metabolism and physiology of clinical nutrition to be related to the practical application of support techniques. The fourth part of the book highlights the role of nutrition support in specific disease groups. A number of additional chapters have been added for this second edition, and modifications made to the content of chapters from the first edition to cover newer areas or areas of omission.
Leaders, innovators, and managers face tough challenges in an increasingly globalized world. It is growing harder to accomplish personal and organizational objectives. One of the sources of difficulty in accomplishing these objectives is the disregard of researchers, educators, and practitioners toward global leadership. Problems in the Middle East, Africa, and other parts of the world demand great leaders, and few people are answering the call. Written by an accomplished professor, this textbook provides a framework for leadership success throughout the world. Drawing upon examples from Africa and elsewhere, author Michael Ba Banutu-Gomez demonstrates how to deal with organizational cultures, teams, and change in a global setting; be more profitable in an increasingly globalized world; define your organizational culture and inspire others; manage your business in Africa and other developing nations. Intended for students, leaders, managers, and professionals, this inspiring guide provides you with the vision you need to approach your mission from a global perspective. If you want to be more profitable and make a difference, you must focus on Global Leadership, Change, Organizations, and Development.
Features evidence-based, practical, and effective strategies for creating and maintaining optimal quality of life for older adults This globally focused resource integrates sound research evidence, real-life case scenarios, and effective, practical strategies to address a key health care initiative of the 21st century: optimal quality of life for older adults. Distinguished by its broad outlook, the book includes contributions from an international cadre of widely published scholars and is designed for easy integration into traditional nursing education curricula. The book explores the experiences of older adults at home, in assisted living, and in nursing home environments, examining their complex and wide-ranging health, spiritual, and emotional needs. The book is organized into two sections that address quality of life issues. Section I broadly addresses quality of life issues across the full range of care environments, while Section II addresses some of the more specific issues and health conditions that have an impact on the quality of life of older adults. A detailed and multidimensional case study opens each chapter, including subjective and objective data focusing on the quality-of-life domain being addressed. Articulation and definition of each quality-of-life issue are presented along with information on the incidence and prevalence of the problem. Several cases addressing issues older adults encounter in preventing and managing acute and chronic disease serve as a clinical resource guide, with an emphasis on clinical reasoning. Each chapter features a comprehensive, synthesized literature review, delivering the best evidence in the field and offering effective strategies for managing care issues. Generalist and advanced practice nursing roles in promoting quality of life, along with relevant cultural considerations, are covered in detail. Each chapter concludes with tips and strategies for the promotion of quality of life among older adults, accompanied by a list of critical thinking questions. Content is organized to be compatible with the Adult-Gero Nurse Practitioner Certification Test Plan. Key Features: Addresses key quality-of-life education and practice initiatives advanced by leading gerontology organizations worldwide Includes detailed, multifaceted case studies reflecting extensive, current evidence-based literature Describes practical, cost-effective strategies aimed at maintaining health Disseminates the universally applicable perspectives of international scholars of global aging Provides content compatible with the Adult-Gero Nurse Practitioner Certification Test Plan
There has been a considerable upsurge in interest in insect bio chemistry and physiology in recent years and this has been reflected in a notable expansion in the number of original papers in this field. Whereas insect physiology has tended to receive ample attention from reviewers, the same has not always been true for the more of insect research. This book is a venture to help biochemical aspects redress the balance. No attempt has been made to cover all aspects of insect biochemistry, but rather a few topics have been selected which seemed to us to merit a review at the present time. One reason for this increased interest in insect biochemistry is perhaps the growing realization that insects can be very useful organisms to act as model systems for the experimental study of general biochemical principles. One remembers, for instance, that Keilin's perceptive observations on the flight muscles of living bees and wax moths led to his discovery of the cytochromes. The fundamental unity of biochemistry has long been accepted as a dogma by the faithful and the insect kingdom provides no exception to it. The main biochemical processes in insects are being revealed as essentially the same as in other life forms but, as so often found in comparative biochemistry, there are interesting variations on the central theme.
In his 2014 book, The Brain Moves, author C. Mark Riden, M.Ed., B.A., B.A. provides the artillery needed to repel the epidemic of brain trauma sweeping through American athletic and military culture like an Oklahoma storm ripping and tearing its way across a landscape. Riden's investigative work in traumatic brain injury (TBI) looks at two distinct populations affected by closed blunt force trauma (CBFT): Current and former athletes who play or have played contact sports and military combat veterans home from war looking for a new sense of belonging. CBFT refers to an object or person impacting the head or helmet causing the brain to move inside the cranium. When the brain becomes overwhelmed by closed blunt impact, ungovernable acceleration and deceleration forces inside the cranium obtrusively contort the brain causing immediate and long-term neuronal damage. Riden's work covers detailed collegiate research studies and an extensive interrogation of scholarly and non-scholarly evidence. Beginning with discussion on biomechanics and the physiological makeup of what Riden calls the twenty-first century biological super-athlete, the author deposits eight dynamic chapters of TBI information on problems discovered in youth, college, and professional sports as well as the United States military. Passionate about providing empirical confirmation on TBI during a time of injurious uncertainty in sports where athletes and soldiers are bigger, stronger, and faster, Riden's propositions, solutions, and theories are directed at reducing CBFT frequency, social maladaptation, and cognitive disruption. Supported by data, Riden's book delivers a unique synthesis on the underpinnings of TBI associated with social competition, human nature, and cultural history. Drawn to amphitheaters of opposition, awkwardly the environments in which we have selected to compete are now killing us. Clearly, it is a gladiator's future we have chosen for ourselves. Confronting and adapting to TBI through education will be part of that future.
The application of fractals and fractal geometry in soil science has become increasingly important over the last few years. This self-contained and timely book was designed to provide detailed and comprehensive information on the current status of the application of fractal geometry in soil science, and on prospects for its future use. With a detailed and specific introductory chapter, particular attention is paid to comparing and contrasting "fractal" and "fragmentation" concepts. Some uses of fractals, such as to quantify the retention and transport properties of soils, to describe the intricate geometry of pore surfaces and macropore networks, or to elucidate the rooting patterns of various plants, are discussed. Applications of fractals in soil science are both relatively recent and in constant evolution. This book reflects accurately existing trends, by allowing sharp differences among the viewpoints expressed in contributed chapters to be presented to the reader in one self-contained volume.
More people were killed by smallpox during the twentieth century--over 300 million--than by all of the wars of that period combined. In 1918 and 1919, influenza virus claimed over 50 million lives. A century later, influenza is poised to return, ongoing plagues of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis infect millions, and Ebola, Zika, and West Nile viruses cause new concern and panic. The overlapping histories of humans and viruses are ancient. Earliest cities became both the cradle of civilization and breeding grounds for the first viral epidemics. This overlap is the focus of virologist/immunologist Michael Oldstone in Viruses, Plagues and History. Oldstone explains principles of viruses and epidemics while recounting stories of viruses and their impact on human history. This fully updated second edition includes engrossing new chapters on hepatitis, Zika, and contemporary threats such as the possible return of a catastrophic influenza, and the impact of fear of autism on vaccination efforts. This is a fascinating panorama of humankind's longstanding conflict with unseen viral enemies, both human successes--such as control of poliomyelitis, measles, smallpox and yellow fever, and continued dangers--such as HIV and Ebola. Impeccably researched and accessibly written, Viruses, Plagues and History will fascinate all with an interest in how viral illnesses alter the course of human history.
Optimum envelope-constrained filter design is concerned with time-domain synthesis of a filter such that its response to a specific input signal stays within prescribed upper and lower bounds, while minimizing the impact of input noise on the filter output or the impact of the shaped signal on other systems depending on the application. In many practical applications, such as in TV channel equalization, digital transmission, and pulse compression applied to radar, sonar and detection, the soft least square approach, which attempts to match the output waveform with a specific desired pulse, is not the most suitable one. Instead, it becomes necessary to ensure that the response stays within the hard envelope constraints defined by a set of continuous inequality constraints. The main advantage of using the hard envelope-constrained filter formulation is that it admits a whole set of allowable outputs. From this set one can then choose the one which results in the minimization of a cost function appropriate to the application at hand. The signal shaping problems so formulated are semi-infinite optimization problems. This monograph presents in a unified manner results that have been generated over the past several years and are scattered in the research literature. The material covered in the monograph includes problem formulation, numerical optimization algorithms, filter robustness issues and practical examples of the application of envelope constrained filter design. Audience: Postgraduate students, researchers in optimization and telecommunications engineering, and applied mathematicians.
The question of the authority of international law over domestic authorities and the duties of state officials to international law are fundamental concerns in international legal theory and practice. The Authority of International Law: Obedience, Respect, and Rebuttal addresses these concerns by reframing the present accounts of authority in international law, construing its authority as imposing three different layers of duties on domestic officials: the duty to obey, the duty to respect, and the duty to rebut. The book provides an original interpretation of this authority - one that is not tied to prior state consent or domestic constitutional frameworks. It offers a nuanced account, arguing that whether or not international law is obeyed within any given situation depends on the type of duty it imposes on the state, and that duty's normative force. There is no strict framework in which international law always trumps domestic law or vice versa. Instead, Çalı presents a realistic account of when international law has absolute authority, and when it can afford a margin of appreciation to states. The Authority of International Law contributes to existing debates by considering the gap between consent-based jurisprudential theories of authority and self-interest and identity-based theories of compliance, and by considering monism, dualism, and normative pluralism as theories for addressing authority competition between domestic legal orders and international law.
The statins are a relatively new group of drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels. A high cholesterol level increases a person's risk of having a heart attack or stroke. The long-term use of statins reduces the risk of such an event and can increase the life expectancy of people with a history of heart disease. The statins work by blocking an enzyme in the body that is involved in the production of LDL cholesterol, especially in the liver. This enzyme is known as HMG coenzyme A reductase. The statins are the most effective group of drugs for lowering the levels of LDL cholesterol in the body. Potential side-effects include muscle cramps and gastrointestinal upsets. These are usually resolved on temporarily lowering the dose. Liver enzyme derangements may occur, which generally return to normal after briefly discontinuing the drug. Some report headaches. Other side-effects occur rarely. This new book examines new research on this controversial drug.
This comprehensive book covers the research, theory, policy and practice context of unusual reproduction using third parties. Olga Van den Akker details the psychological adaptation required to continuing changes in public opinion, advances in technologies and new legislations in surrogate motherhood and discusses their impact at an individual, societal and global level. She describes the competing interests and interactions between legal, organisational, personal, social, psychological and cultural issues in relation to biological and genetic surrogate and commissioning parenthood. This book is intended for professionals, practitioners, academics and students interested in the complexities of unusual reproduction using multidisciplinary perspectives.
Electrotherapy Explained is an excellent research-based exploration of the major types of electrophysical agents used in clinical practice, particularly human and also animal. For the fourth edition, two new authors join the writing team, presenting the latest information for today's clinicians. The text has been completely updated with a major rewrite of the material, particularly that on electrical stimulation. This book continues to focus on evidence: clinical and biophysical evidence that affects how and which electrotherapies may be of use clinically and when. The inclusion of biophysics as well as clinical evidence and principles of application, enables clinicians to move away from traditional 'recipe-based' approaches and rely more on their own clinical reasoning. The focus remains on humans but the relevance of the principles for using and applying different modalities is explained clearly, providing guidelines for clinicians across disciplines and specialties. Up to date research detailing the evidence both supportive and deprecatory for the use of each modality Written by experts from biophysics and the clinical domains Comprehensive and well referenced Clear and well chosen illustrations elucidate the text Text boxes and summary sections help to break down what is sometimes a complex subject into manageable and memorable chunks Contraindications and risks have been updated in light of the most recent research Three books for the price of one - the website (http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780750688437) contains the entire texts of 'Physical Principles Explained' by Low and Reed, and 'Biophysical Bases of Electrotherapy' by Ward. The text directs readers to the website for further reading at relevant points.
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