In this volume 268 species of the Larentinae are covered. Many of the genera have caused serious problems in identification, but based on the larger number of specimens illustrated on the 25 colour plates, the species can now be identified much more easily. In additional black and white photos for species which are difficult to identify, differential characters are pointed out with arrows. As in the previously published volumes 1,2 and 4, maps with the European distribution are given with dots for verified specimens. There are photographs of male and female genitalia of all species and this volume also contains a systematic catalogue of the European species including those of the neighbouring regions of North Africa, Macaronesia, Turkey and the Middle East. This is the first volume including genetic information from DNA barcoding which proved to be a useful, additional tool in identification, taxonomy and species delimitation.
In The Geometrid Moths of Europe volume 2 on Sterrhinae, a number of difficult genera such as Cyclophora, Scopula and Idaea are covered. Especially Idaea with more than 100 species occuring in Europe, has caused a lot of problems to identify, but based on the many specimens illustrated on the 24 colour plates, the species of this genus can be identified much easier now. Apart from its largest species, the genus Idaea is illustrated in 1.5 times natural size. The remaining Sterrhinae are in natural size on the colour plates. On additional black and white photos for species which are difficult to identify, their differential characters are pointed out with arrows. Three new species and three new subspecies are described. A map with the European distribution is given, and with dots for verified specimens. Finally there are line drawings of male and female genitalia of all species and also this volume contains a systematic catalogue of the European species and including those of the neighbouring regions such as North Africa, Macaronesia, Turkey, and the Middle East. Originally published with imprint Apollo (ISBN 9788788757378) in 2004.
China is now the lender of first resort for much of the developing world, but Beijing has fueled speculation among policymakers, scholars, and journalists by shrouding its grant-giving and lending activities in secrecy. Introducing a systematic and transparent method of tracking Chinese development projects around the world, this book explains Beijing's motives and analyzes the intended and unintended effects of its overseas investments. Whereas China almost exclusively provided aid during the twentieth century, its twenty-first century transition from 'benefactor' to 'banker' has had far-reaching impacts in low-income and middle-income countries that are not widely understood. Its use of debt rather than aid to bankroll big-ticket infrastructure projects creates new opportunities for developing countries to achieve rapid socio-economic gains, but it has also introduced major risks, such as corruption, political capture, and conflict. This book will be of interest to policymakers, students and scholars of international political economy, Chinese politics and foreign policy, economic development, and international relations.
The assignment of contractual rights is of immense importance for the world of business and finance. Never before have assignments taken place on such a large scale as is the case in the contemporary securitisation market. Many receivables-based financial transactions, such as securitisations, are cross-border transactions. It is therefore often crucial to determine which law governs the proprietary aspects of assignment. The European Commission has, in its "proposal for a regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations," formulated a new conflict rule referring the enforceability of an assignment against third parties to the law of the assignor's residence. This book demonstrates how the solution which has been adopted by the Commission is inadequate for receivables-based cross-border transactions. The authors argue that a cross-border assignment should, instead, be governed by the law chosen by the assignor and the assignee and, in the absence of a choice, by the law applicable to the assigned claim. The most important policy behind the Commission's conflict rule, i.e. that the assignor's creditors should be able to look to the assignor's law for registration requirements, can be realized in subtler ways, in particular by means of a special conflict rule for public filing systems. The Annexes contain the full texts of the Commission's Proposal, the UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables, and Chapter 11 of the Principles of European Contract Law (Assignment of Claims).
Why has "America" - that is, the United States of America - become so much more than simply a place in the imagination of so many people around the world? In both Europe and Latin America, the United States has often been a site of multiple possible futures, a screen onto which could be projected utopian dreams and dystopian nightmares. Whether castigated as a threat to civilized order or championed as a promise of earthly paradise, America has invariably been treated as a cipher for modernity. It has functioned as an inescapable reference point for both European and Latin American societies, not only as a model of social and political organization - one to reject as much one to emulate - but also as the prime example of a society emerging from a dramatic diversity of cultural and social backgrounds.
The book gives a comprehensive review of the present state-of-the-art in ZnO R+D, including growth, doping, lattice dynamics, electric magnetic and optical properties. The emphasis is on the electric and optical properties, because this is the area where novel applications may be expected with highest promise. The book highlights not only the most recent results but gives both an overview of past research and of the present status -- not avoiding critical and controversial discussions of various aspects such as bank symmetries and laser processes. Intended to have long-lasting impact on ZnO R+D, this monograph addresses (post-)graduate students but also advanced scientists, who want to embark on ZnO research or are already involved, the present state of the art and assists them in avoiding duplication of old results (or mistakes).
Technological progress in neurosurgery - preoperative investigation of the exact anatomy of the patient, detailed planning of the procedure, and use of endoscopes and videosurgery – have made approaches for intracranial microsurgical procedures smaller compared to historically standard neurosurgical approaches. Building on the previous works "Endoscopic Anatomy for Neurosurgery" and "Keyhole Concept in Neurosurgery," this book offers a systematic overview of keyhole approaches in the daily work of a neurosurgeon. The approaches, strategies, indications and technical details described here are complemented by anatomical pictures, schemes, and artists’ illustrations, and analyzed with regard to geometric boundaries and the topography of the target structures.
This book is a treatise on empirical microeconomics: it describes the econometric theory of qualitative choice models and the empirical practice of modeling consumer demand for a heterogeneous commodity, housing. Accordingly, the book has two parts. The first part gives a self-contained survey of discrete choice models with emphasis on nested and related multinomial logit models. The second part concentrates on three sUbstantive questions about housing demand and how they can be answered using discrete choice models. Why combine these two distinct parts in one book? It is the interaction between theory and application in empirical microeconomics on which we focus in this book. Hence, emphasis in the methodological part is on practicability, and emphasis in the applied part is on the usage of the proper econometric specifications. Econometrics means measuring economic phenomena. Because nature (ironically, in the case of economics, this is most often the government) rarely provides us with well-defined economic experiments, measurement of economic phenomena usually requires an elaborate statistical apparatus that is able to separate concurrent and confounding phenomena. Discrete choice models have proved to be a very convenient apparatus to study the complex issues in housing demand. We present models, techniques, and statistical problems of discrete choice in the first and methodological part of the book, written in conventional textbook style.
The Lepidoptera are without doubt the best known insect order in today’s Europe. Nevertheless there is still a great lack of knowledge in some groups, such as the Geometridae. The northern and central European fauna is relatively well known, but the distribution and bionomics of a number of species are poorly known. This problem is much more marked in southern Europe where no books on Geometridae have been published for nearly a century. Data on the bionomics are frequently unavailable which makes it difficult to assess environmental threats to the geometrid species. Information on distribution is still grossly incomplete and many records have been based on misidentifications. These problems are mainly caused by the lack of comprehensive identification literature. The geographical area covered in this series ranges from North Cape to Gibraltar and Malta, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains. Each volume will illustrate the adults of all species, and if possible also subspecies, in photographic colour plates of the highest quality. Sexual dimorphism as well as polymorphism will be illustrated. Most species will be shown at natural size, but some larger groups of small species such as the genera Idaea and Eupithecia will be shown enlarged.
Revision of European Ennominae moths, covering 202 species in 30 colour plates. Comprehensive text and rich illustration of genitalia structures for all species. Four new species are described and systematic checklist for entire European and adjacent regions' Geometridae fauna is provided.
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