The issues of microeconomics - including individuals' financial choices and firms' decisions about hiring and firing - have a large impact on the economic world, arguably as much, if not more than, macroeconomics. In this Very Short Introduction Avinash Dixit clearly explains what microeconomics is by using examples from around the world.
The Making of Economic Policy begins by observing that most countries' trade policies are so blatantly contrary to all the prescriptions of the economist that there is no way to understand this discrepancy except by delving into the politics. The same is true for many other dimensions of economic policy. Avinash Dixit looks for an improved understanding of the politics of economic policy-making from a transaction cost perspective. Such costs of planning, implementing, and monitoring an exchange have proved critical to explaining many phenomena in industrial organization. Dixit discusses the variety of similar transaction costs encountered in the political process of making economic policy and how these costs affect the operation of different institutions and policies. Dixit organizes a burgeoning body of research in political economy in this framework. He uses U.S. fiscal policy and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as two examples that illustrate the framework, and show how policy often deviates from the economist's ideal of efficiency. The approach reveals, however, that some seemingly inefficient practices are quite creditable attempts to cope with transaction costs such as opportunism and asymmetric information. Copublished with the Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute
India’s near east encompasses Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Indian states of the ‘Northeast’—Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Celebrated as a theatre of geo-economic connectivity typified by India’s ‘Act East’ policy, the region is key not only to India’s great-power rivalry with China, which first boiled over in the 1962 war, but to the idea(s) of India itself. It is also one of the most intricately partitioned lands anywhere on Earth. Rent by communal and class violence, the region has birthed extreme forms of religious and ethnic nationalisms and communist movements. The Indian state’s survival instinct and pursuit of regional hegemony have only accentuated such extremes. This book scripts a new history of India’s eastward-looking diplomacy and statecraft. Narrated against the backdrop of separatist resistance within India’s own northeastern states, as well as rivalry with Beijing and Islamabad in Yangon and Dhaka, it offers a simple but compelling argument. The aspirations of ‘Act East’ mask an uncomfortable truth: India privileges political stability over economic opportunity in this region. In his chronicle of a state’s struggle to overcome war, displacement and interventionism, Avinash Paliwal lays bare the limits of independent India’s influence in its near east.
Nanofluids are solid-liquid composite material consisting of solid nanoparticles suspended in liquid with enhanced thermal properties. This book introduces basic fluid mechanics, conduction and convection in fluids, along with nanomaterials for nanofluids, property characterization, and outline applications of nanofluids in solar technology, machining and other special applications. Recent experiments on nanofluids have indicated significant increase in thermal conductivity compared with liquids without nanoparticles or larger particles, strong temperature dependence of thermal conductivity, and significant increase in critical heat flux in boiling heat transfer, all of which are covered in the book. Key Features Exclusive title focusing on niche engineering applications of nanofluids Contains high technical content especially in the areas of magnetic nanofluids and dilute oxide based nanofluids Feature examples from research applications such as solar technology and heat pipes Addresses heat transfer and thermodynamic features such as efficiency and work with mathematical rigor Focused in content with precise technical definitions and treatment
Sets forth the findings of game theory as a series of basic strategic principles, illustrated with stories of human interaction--in sports, politics, business, and personal life.
Hematology Case Studies with Blood Cell Morphology and Pathophysiology compiles specialized case studies with specific information on various hematological disorders with Full Blood Examination (FBE or CBC), blood film images and pathophysiology of each condition. In addition, it provides basic information on how to recognize and diagnose hematological conditions that are frequently observed in the laboratory. Technicians and scientists working in core laboratories such as biochemistry labs or blood banks will find this book to be extremely thorough. Moreover, it can be used as a reference book by technicians, scientists and hematologists in every level of expertise in diagnosing hematological disorders. - Includes morphology of red cells, white cells and platelets - Provides images of actual blood slides under the microscope, showing the most important diagnostic features observed in each condition - Presents details that are considered difficult for beginners or non- hematologists, such as specific tests and techniques - Covers case studies that finish with the pathophysiology of the condition
Pediatricians in the Unites States and around the World continue to face a myriad of global health threats affecting child and adolescent health including: 1) infectious diseases of poverty [e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases] in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in sub Saharan Africa; 2) emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (such as Ebola); 3) rise of non-communicable diseases (e.g. common mental disorders); 4) unintentional injuries; and 5) environmental health hazards (e.g. climate change). Despite the promising news about rapid declines in maternal and child mortality in the era of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which originated from the United Nation (UN) Millennium Declaration in 2000, only 20% and 7% of LMIC are currently on track to attain the maternal and child mortality targets. For example, 44% of deaths in children younger than 5 years occur in neonates. Besides discovery of life-saving interventions (e.g. development of new and improved vaccines) for maternal and child health, we also need to do a better job at bridging the knowledge-implementation gap and increase the effectiveness of proven interventions. For example, despite the availability of effective vaccines to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia, rotavirus gastroenteritis, and human papilloma virus-related diseases (e.g. cervical cancer), use of these vaccines remain suboptimal in LMIC. We need to recognize that global health is also local public health. For example, improving access, equity and quality of care for orphans and vulnerable children, immigrant and newly arrived refugee children in the U.S. remains a challenge. Timely access to psychiatric care for children and adolescents with mental illness is a major concern. The explosion of new age technology (such as the internet) also poses a considerable risk to children and adolescents. Pediatricians also need to be aware of diverse socio-cultural determinants of health and ethical issues in global health service and delivery.This issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America aims to address the above crucial global health challenges affecting children and adolescents. As practicing pediatricians, we have the unique opportunity to influence local and global public health. In the post-MDG era (beyond 2015), collaborative partnerships between various disciplines and across research, education and service is vital to reduce health inequities in children worldwide.
The archetype of 'my enemy's enemy is my friend', India's political and economic presence in Afghanistan is often viewed as a Machiavellian ploy aimed against Pakistan. Challenging deeply held beliefs about an India-Pakistan proxy war, this work offers a nuanced explanation of India's strategic intent and actions, which is critical to resolving the seemingly unending war in Afghanistan, as well as wider bilateral disputes between the two South Asian rivals
CAN YOU ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS BELOW WITH A FIRM "YES"? Q1: Have you found a way to work less and still produce magnificent results? Q2: Are you able to balance both your work-life and your personal-life? Q3: Do you believe that firing customers can help you grow your sales? This book will help you answer “YES” to all of the questions above. SalesMoonCurve will change how you approach your sales and your business forever! SalesMoonCurve gives crystal clear picture of where exactly to ‘sniper’ focus our efforts to maximise our sales. It works in all aspects of business be it cash flow, inventory, sales, and more. - Samkit Jain, Business owner of a $5M Company This book provides clear directions in getting your work-life and personal-life back in order. It shows you a whole new dimension of your work, having infinite possibilities. I highly recommend this book. - Nagaraj P, Area Sales Manager, Kennametal India
How can property rights be protected and contracts be enforced in countries where the rule of law is ineffective or absent? How can firms from advanced market economies do business in such circumstances? In Lawlessness and Economics, Avinash Dixit examines the theory of private institutions that transcend or supplement weak economic governance from the state. In much of the world and through much of history, private mechanisms--such as long-term relationships, arbitration, social networks to disseminate information and norms to impose sanctions, and for-profit enforcement services--have grown up in place of formal, state-governed institutions. Even in countries with strong legal systems, many of these mechanisms continue under the shadow of the law. Numerous case studies and empirical investigations have demonstrated the variety, importance, and merits, and drawbacks of such institutions. This book builds on these studies and constructs a toolkit of theoretical models to analyze them. The models shed new conceptual light on the different modes of governance, and deepen our understanding of the interaction of the alternative institutions with each other and with the government's law. For example, one model explains the limit on the size of social networks and illuminates problems in the transition to more formal legal systems as economies grow beyond this limit. Other models explain why for-profit enforcement is inefficient. The models also help us understand why state law dovetails with some non-state institutions and collides with others. This can help less-developed countries and transition economies devise better processes for the introduction or reform of their formal legal systems.
This book explains the subtleties of quantum statistical mechanics in lower dimensions and their possible ramifications in quantum theory. The discussion is at a pedagogical level and is addressed to both graduate students and advanced researchers with a reasonable background in quantum and statistical mechanics.Topics in the first part of the book include the flux tube model of anyons, the braid group and a detailed discussion about the various aspects of quantum and statistical mechanics of a noninteracting anyon gas.The second part of the book includes a detailed discussion about fractional statistics from the point of view of Chern-Simons theories. Topics covered here include Chern-Simons field theories, charged vortices, anyon superconductivity and the fractional quantum Hall effect.Since the publication of the first edition of the book, an exciting possibility has emerged, that of quantum computing using anyons. A section has therefore been included on this topic in the second edition. In addition, new sections have been added about scattering of anyons with hard disk repulsion as well as fractional exclusion statistics and negative probabilities.
Reinventing Financial Regulation offers an analysis of the fundamental flaws that plague the current system of financial regulation, one built around ideas of "risk-sensitivity" and "capital adequacy." Author Avinash Persaud argues that while some sensible reforms have been introduced, a fresh approach—centered on risk capacity—is required. When the entire regime is compromised, simply slapping bandages on each new wound will do nothing to cure the underlying disease. Reinventing Financial Regulation goes beyond an urgent call to fix our profoundly troubled and damaged financial markets. It is a blueprint for an effective financial regulation system that could very well save the future of finance. What would a well-regulated financial system look like? Until now, policymakers, financial experts, and leading academics have been content to avoid facing this question head–on. We have been offered piecemeal reforms that ultimately leave the global financial system exposed to different versions of the same risks that so recently brought it to its knees. The world economy literally cannot afford to dodge this question any longer. Persaud's goal to bring clarity and a powerful simplicity to the financial regulation process results in a systematic and apolitical framework for fixing the world's fractured financial industry and transforming its regulation—not just for today's financial climate, but once and for all.
India is a multifaceted, multicultural nation with a rich tradition of ethnic, religious, linguistic, social and cultural mores, beliefs and practices. What has allowed for such a rich diversity of people and what have been the challenges to effective communication between and among these groups? India is also Bharat, and where does the twain meet between the imagined and the real India and the imagined and the real Bharat? This book offers insights into understanding how we deal with difference, how we perceive one another and what we do about religious, caste and regional conflicts using the lens of “communication studies”. It can be read by both intelligent and lay readers as well as students of communication, culture and other social sciences.
For creating a balance in the organizational environment, harmony amongst the employees and the employer is a prerequisite. The factors that help in determining an organizational balance are the sociology of an environment, psychology of the people working there, channels of communication along with a sound and rational management. The book highlights the fundamental concepts of organizational behaviour, and its applications in the Indian organizational scenario. The second edition of the book, maintaining the same chapters' organization as in the previous edition, comprises 28 chapters based on the fundamental concepts of organizational behaviour, and case studies from various Indian industry verticals. These case studies reveal the authors' experience in real-life scenario as consultants as well as their observations pertaining to the concepts of organizational behaviour. Besides, the text lays emphasis on some modern tools of management such as TQM, BPR and Knowledge Management, which is a unique feature of this book. The book is designed for the students of management and psychology. Moreover, it is useful for the postgraduate students of commerce as well as it is of immense use to the personnel associated with technical, commercial and IT-based industries requiring human resource management. KEY FEATURES • Every chapter is concluded with a real-life case study. • Appendices added to most of the chapters contain research-based questionnaire instruments. • Discussion Questions on Case studies enhance learning among students. NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION Includes three new sections on 'Case Study Method as an Important Pedagogy', 'Classification of Case Studies' and 'Steps of Solving a Case'. Incorporates 29 new short and sharp cases at the end of the book to make the reader aware of real-life situations. TARGET AUDIENCE • MBA / PGDM / BBA • BA (Hons.) Psychology • MCom
I have tried to write about history of Electronics. The present book is created in different ways with photos, graphics and writing text. I have completed the work with delightful assistance and encouragement from many people. I have tried to give my best of best to you. Present book is for education purpose and also for all those readers, who are interested in history of Electronics. Till no any book is available on the history of Electronics in this way. In this book At the starting a flow chart is given which shows how Electronics history developed.
Object-Oriented scripting with Perl and Python Scripting languages are becoming increasingly important for software development. These higher-level languages, with their built-in easy-to-use data structures are convenient for programmers to use as "glue" languages for assembling multi-language applications and for quick prototyping of software architectures. Scripting languages are also used extensively in Web-based applications. Based on the same overall philosophy that made Programming with Objects such a wide success, Scripting with Objects takes a novel dual-language approach to learning advanced scripting with Perl and Python, the dominant languages of the genre. This method of comparing basic syntax and writing application-level scripts is designed to give readers a more comprehensive and expansive perspective on the subject. Beginning with an overview of the importance of scripting languages—and how they differ from mainstream systems programming languages—the book explores: Regular expressions for string processing The notion of a class in Perl and Python Inheritance and polymorphism in Perl and Python Handling exceptions Abstract classes and methods in Perl and Python Weak references for memory management Scripting for graphical user interfaces Multithreaded scripting Scripting for network programming Interacting with databases Processing XML with Perl and Python This book serves as an excellent textbook for a one-semester undergraduate course on advanced scripting in which the students have some prior experience using Perl and Python, or for a two-semester course for students who will be experiencing scripting for the first time. Scripting with Objects is also an ideal resource for industry professionals who are making the transition from Perl to Python, or vice versa.
This book aims to widen the understanding of stochastic dynamic choice and equilibrium models. It offers a simplified and heuristic exposition of the theory of Brownian motion and its control or regulation, rendering such methods more accessible to economists who do not require a detailed, mathematical treatment of the subject. The main mathematical ideas are presented in a context which with which economists will be familiar. Using a binomial approach to Brownian motion, the mathematics is reduced to simple algebra, progressing to some equally simple limits. The starting point of the calculus of Brownian motion - 'Ito's Lemma' - emerges by analogy with the economics of risk-aversion. Conditions for the optimal regulation of Brownian motion, including the important, but often mysterious, 'smooth pasting' condition, are derived in a similar way. Each theoretical derivation is illustrated by developing a significant economic application, drawn mainly from recent research in macroeconomics and international economics.
This book provides a bank of multiple-choice questions for candidates preparing for Part 2 of the Membership examination of the Royal Colleges of Physicians, the MRCP. The questions are arranged by subject area to enable structured revision and allow candidates to focus on particular areas where they feel less confident. The book has been written with a close focus on recent examinations, with the coverage of topics weighted to reflect the frequency with which they have appeared. The book is structured more as a manual than as a mock exam, and includes explanations for both correct and incorrect answers, focusing comprehensively on the fundamental principles of medical practice. As well as candiates for the MRCP, this book will also be of interest to medical students and students of related health sciences.
How should firms decide whether and when to invest in new capital equipment, additions to their workforce, or the development of new products? Why have traditional economic models of investment failed to explain the behavior of investment spending in the United States and other countries? In this book, Avinash Dixit and Robert Pindyck provide the first detailed exposition of a new theoretical approach to the capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most investment decisions, and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environment in which these decisions are made. In so doing, they answer important questions about investment decisions and the behavior of investment spending. This new approach to investment recognizes the option value of waiting for better (but never complete) information. It exploits an analogy with the theory of options in financial markets, which permits a much richer dynamic framework than was possible with the traditional theory of investment. The authors present the new theory in a clear and systematic way, and consolidate, synthesize, and extend the various strands of research that have come out of the theory. Their book shows the importance of the theory for understanding investment behavior of firms; develops the implications of this theory for industry dynamics and for government policy concerning investment; and shows how the theory can be applied to specific industries and to a wide variety of business problems.
Intel Xeon Phi Processor High Performance Programming is an all-in-one source of information for programming the Second-Generation Intel Xeon Phi product family also called Knights Landing. The authors provide detailed and timely Knights Landingspecific details, programming advice, and real-world examples. The authors distill their years of Xeon Phi programming experience coupled with insights from many expert customers — Intel Field Engineers, Application Engineers, and Technical Consulting Engineers — to create this authoritative book on the essentials of programming for Intel Xeon Phi products. Intel® Xeon PhiTM Processor High-Performance Programming is useful even before you ever program a system with an Intel Xeon Phi processor. To help ensure that your applications run at maximum efficiency, the authors emphasize key techniques for programming any modern parallel computing system whether based on Intel Xeon processors, Intel Xeon Phi processors, or other high-performance microprocessors. Applying these techniques will generally increase your program performance on any system and prepare you better for Intel Xeon Phi processors. - A practical guide to the essentials for programming Intel Xeon Phi processors - Definitive coverage of the Knights Landing architecture - Presents best practices for portable, high-performance computing and a familiar and proven threads and vectors programming model - Includes real world code examples that highlight usages of the unique aspects of this new highly parallel and high-performance computational product - Covers use of MCDRAM, AVX-512, Intel® Omni-Path fabric, many-cores (up to 72), and many threads (4 per core) - Covers software developer tools, libraries and programming models - Covers using Knights Landing as a processor and a coprocessor
Written by an in-the-trenches practitioner, this step-by-step guide shows you how to implement a successful Web analytics strategy. Web analytics expert Avinash Kaushik, in his thought-provoking style, debunks leading myths and leads you on a path to gaining actionable insights from your analytics efforts. Discover how to move beyond clickstream analysis, why qualitative data should be your focus, and more insights and techniques that will help you develop a customer-centric mindset without sacrificing your company’s bottom line. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Transform Raw Social Media Data into Real Competitive Advantage There’s real competitive advantage buried in today’s deluge of social media data. If you know how to analyze it, you can increase your relevance to customers, establishing yourself as a trusted supplier in a cutthroat environment where consumers rely more than ever on “public opinion” about your products, services, and experiences. Social Media Analytics is the complete insider’s guide for all executives and marketing analysts who want to answer mission-critical questions and maximize the business value of their social media data. Two leaders of IBM’s pioneering Social Media Analysis Initiative offer thorough and practical coverage of the entire process: identifying the right unstructured data, analyzing it, and interpreting and acting on the knowledge you gain. Their expert guidance, practical tools, and detailed examples will help you learn more from all your social media conversations, and avoid pitfalls that can lead to costly mistakes. You’ll learn how to: Focus on the questions that social media data can realistically answer Determine which information is actually useful to you—and which isn’t Cleanse data to find and remove inaccuracies Create data models that accurately represent your data and lead to more useful answers Use historical data to validate hypotheses faster, so you don’t waste time Identify trends and use them to improve predictions Drive value “on-the-fly” from real-time/ near-real-time and ad hoc analyses Analyze text, a.k.a. “data at rest” Recognize subtle interrelationships that impact business performance Improve the accuracy of your sentiment analyses Determine eminence, and distinguish “talkers” from true influencers Optimize decisions about marketing and advertising spend Whether you’re a marketer, analyst, manager, or technologist, you’ll learn how to use social media data to compete more effectively, respond more rapidly, predict more successfully...grow profits, and keep them growing.
The book contains the full concept of seed industry in India. Right from what is seed, how it is propagated and how seed is developed as foundation or certified seed for production. The book contains guide to history of seed industry, allotment of breeder seed, seed multiplication, plant and machinery detail, how do they work. what is seed processing, seed storage, seed testing, certified seed packing and the important thing that how to calculate the processing expenditure on the finished material, i.e. certified or foundation seed. Contains Contract farming, seed testing, seed Act, Seed Rule, notified verities and their notification Seed Control Order addresses of state seed certification agencies, State seeds Corporations, Registered seed processing plants under different certification agencies and their codes India wide. Project on development of new processing plant. Over all it is viewed as the complete detail on seed industry.
The Art of Strategy is filled with dozens of accounts from the worlds of business, politics, negotiations, sports, music, movies, and popular culture. Whether discussing strategies for losing weight or becoming a better bargainer, parent, tennis player, or eBay bidder, this entertaining narrative is rich with insight." "Through the lessons contained in the book's pages, you will learn how to outmaneuver rivals, find avenues for cooperation, and become more successful in all your pursuits. And if you want to be fair to your adversaries, share this book with them."--BOOK JACKET.
Building on a base of simple economic theory and elementary linear algebra and calculus, this broad treatment of static and dynamic optimization methods discusses the importance of shadow prices, and reviews functions defined by solutions of optimization problems. Recently revised and expanded, the second edition will be a valuable resource for upper level undergraduate and graduate students.
Change is hard but does it need to be painful? What if there was a more intrinsically motivating and nourishing way to drive change? Play to Transform is a book that challenges the traditional mindset of business leaders and encourages them to tap into their inner child to accelerate transformation with purpose. The book argues that we are all born creative geniuses with an innate ability to empathize deeply with others, but somewhere along the way, we have lost touch with these qualities. In the postpandemic world, leaders need to be more empathetic and agile than ever before, and a conscious shift in mindset is required to achieve this. Drawing on reallife examples, contemporary shift strategies and key implications for organizations, the book demonstrates how play can be used as a catalyst for transformation and innovation. By providing a psychologically safe and cocreative environment that normalizes failure, the book shows how organizations can encourage their employees to express themselves more freely and make the necessary shifts to embrace change and find harmony in chaos. The book challenges the myth that play is frivolous and cannot be used for serious work, offering a fresh perspective on how to conduct business with more heart and soul.
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