The first comprehensive guide to the chemicals and gases used in semiconductor manufacturing The fabrication of semiconductor devices involves a series of complex chemical processes such as photolithography, etching, cleaning, thin film deposition, and polishing. Until now, there has been no convenient source of information on the properties, applications, and health and safety considerations of the chemicals used in these processes. The Handbook of Chemicals and Gases for the Semiconductor Industry meets this need. Each of the Handbook's eight chapters is related to a specific area of semiconductor processing. The authors provide a brief overview of each step in the process, followed by tables containing physical properties, handling, safety, and other pertinent information on chemicals and gases typically used in these processes. The 270 chemical and gas entries include data on physical properties, emergency treatment procedures, waste disposal, and incompatible materials, as well as descriptions of applications, chemical mechanisms involved, and references to the literature. Appendices cross-reference entries by process, chemical name, and CAS number. The Handbook's eight chapters are: Thin Film Deposition Materials Wafer Cleaning Materials Photolithography Materials Wet and Dry Etching Materials Chemical Mechanical Planarizing Methods Carrier Gases Uncategorized Materials Semiconductor Chemicals Analysis No other single source brings together these useful and important data on chemicals and gases used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. The Handbook of Chemicals and Gases for the Semiconductor Industry will be a valuable reference for process engineers, scientists, suppliers to the semiconductor industry, microelectronics researchers, and students.
This book provides professionals and students with practical guidance for the development of safety-critical computer-based systems. It covers important aspects ranging from complying with standards and guidelines to the necessary software development process and tools, and also techniques pertaining to model-based application development platforms as well as qualified programmable controllers. After a general introduction to the book’s topic in chapter 1, chapter 2 discusses dependability aspects of safety systems and how architectural design at the system level helps deal with failures and yet achieves the targeted dependability attributes. Chapter 3 presents the software development process which includes verification and validation at every stage, essential to the development of software for systems performing safety functions. It also explains how the process helps in developing a safety case that can be independently verified and validated. The subsequent chapter 4 presents some important standards and guidelines, which apply to different industries and in different countries. Chapter 5 then discusses the steps towards complying with the standards at every phase of development. It offers a guided tour traversing the path of software qualification by exploring the necessary steps towards achieving the goal with the help of case studies. Chapter 6 highlights the application of formal methods for the development of safety systems software and introduces some available notations and tools which assist the process. Finally, chapter 7 presents a detailed discussion on the importance and the advantages of qualified platforms for safety systems application development, including programmable controller (PLC) and formal model-based development platforms. Each chapter includes case studies illustrating the subject matter. The book is aimed at both practitioners and students interested in the art and science of developing computer-based systems for safety-critical applications. Both audiences will get insights into the tools and techniques along with the latest developments in the design, analysis and qualification, which are constrained by the regulatory and compliance requirements mandated by the applicable guides and standards. It also addresses the needs of professionals and young graduates who specialize in the development of necessary tools and qualified platforms.
‘If you produce what you have promised to, no one would want to come in your way’ S. Ramadorai, former vice chairman, Tata Consultancy Services ‘Relying on conventional wisdom is never a smart idea in an emerging business’ Akhil Gupta, vice chairman, Bharti Enterprises ‘Do your duty to the best of your ability, without attachment to the results, and remain calm in both success and failure’ Venkatesh Kini, president, Coca-Cola India and south-west Asia ‘Planning is academic. Action decides the winner’ Rahul Bhasin, managing partner, Baring Private Equity Partners These are some of the life lessons that 30 of India’s most celebrated managers share in The Executors, a personal account of how they came to run influential companies such as Bharti, Bennett Coleman, Tech Mahindra, Apollo Munich, Convergys, Yum! Brands and Max Life Insurance, among others. Packed with inspiring stories of struggle, this book culls out the wisdom that these leaders have imbibed over the years and are keen to impart to others. Ashutosh Sinha insightfully explores their management style, philosophy and how they lead from the front.
This book provides a common framework for mobility management that considers the theoretical and practical aspects of systems optimization for mobile networks. In this book, the authors show how an optimized system of mobility management can improve the quality of service in existing forms of mobile communication. Furthermore, they provide a theoretical approach to mobility management, as well as developing the model for systems optimization, including practical case studies using network layer and mobility layer protocols in different deployment scenarios. The authors also address the different ways in which the specific mobility protocol can be developed, taking into account numerous factors including security, configuration, authentication, quality of service, and movement patterns of the mobiles. Key Features: Defines and discusses a common set of optimization methodologies and their application to all mobility protocols for both IPv4 and IPv6 networks Applies these technologies in the context of various layers: MAC layer, network layer, transport layer and application layer covering 802.11, LTE, WiMax, CDMA networks and protocols such as SIP, MIP, HIP, VoIP, and many more Provides a thorough analysis of the required steps during a mobility event such as discovery, network selection, configuration, authentication, security association, encryption, binding update, and media direction Includes models and tables illustrating the analysis of mobility management as well as architecture of sample wireless and mobility test beds built by the authors, involving inter-domain and intra-domain mobility scenarios This book is an excellent resource forprofessionals and systems architects in charge of designing wireless networks for commercial (3G/4G), LTE, IMS, military and Ad Hoc environment. It will be useful deployment guide for the architects wireless service providers. Graduate students, researchers in industry and academia, and systems engineers will also find this book of interest.
Essentials of International Health provides an introduction to international health with a focus on epidemiological, political, behavioral, sociological, cultural, and medical dimensions in the field. The text covers problems concerning both developed and developing countries (with an emphasis on developing countries) and introduces population-based public health approaches to solving international health problems. Topics include historical perspectives, health indicators, role of culture and behavior, communicable diseases, non communicable diseases, malnutrition, nutritional deficiencies and obesity, environmental health and population issues, health of women, health of children, mental health, world health systems, and future issues in international health. This text is ideal for undergraduate students, introductory graduate classes, and practitioners interested in working in developing countries.
Post-reform India has seen a decline in agricultural growth as well as supply–demand imbalance and rising prices. This book presents a comprehensive analysis of domestic and international prices and trade since 1980–81, covering the past quarter of a century. Backed with rich data, it provides comparisons between the pre- and post-liberalisation policies and their effect on farm profitability, domestic prices and prices variability, and examines their possible role in determining the trajectory of agricultural growth since 1991. The book will appeal to students, scholars and researchers of agriculture studies, economics, finance, and development studies, as well as policy makers and agriculture experts.
This Book Would Be Useful For Students At Graduate Level In Architecture And Town Planning And In Particular For Students At The Post Graduate Level In Urban Studies, Written With An Objective To Discuss Various Issues Pertaining To Urban Regeneration Covering Social, Economic And Spatial Aspects Of City Rebuilding. Divided Into Three Parts, The First Part Covers World View On Urban Regeneration And Discusses City Rebuilding Processes In United States, United Kingdom And Europe. It Further Discusses Transportation System And Urban Form Of Cities With Focus On New Urban Centers. Second Part And Third Part Focuses On Drawing And Suggesting Various Regeneration Strategies For Major Cities Of India.
This comprehensive textbook delves into the intricate workings of the human body, Authors have provided Clear and concise explanations of Complex physiological processes, which are presented in an accessible manner, supported by illustrative diagrams and figures. The content provided in this book encourages students to analyze information, solve problems, and apply knowledge to real-world scenarios. This textbook aims to empower students to excel in their academic pursuits and future healthcare careers.
Because of their unique properties (size, shape, and surface functions), functional materials are gaining significant attention in the areas of energy conversion and storage, sensing, electronics, photonics, and biomedicine. Within the chapters of this book written by well-known researchers, one will find the range of methods that have been developed for preparation and functionalization of organic, inorganic and hybrid structures which are the necessary building blocks for the architecture of various advanced functional materials. The book discusses these innovative methodologies and research strategies, as well as provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the cutting-edge research on the processing, properties and technology developments of advanced functional materials and their applications. Specifically, Advanced Functional Materials: Compiles the objectives related to functional materials and provides detailed reviews of fundamentals, novel production methods, and frontiers of functional materials, including metalic oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, discotic liquid crystalline dimers, calixarenes, crown ethers, chitosan and graphene. Discusses the production and characterization of these materials, while mentioning recent approaches developed as well as their uses and applications for sensitive chemiresistors, optical and electronic materials, solar hydrogen generation, supercapacitors, display and organic light-emitting diodes, functional adsorbents, and antimicrobial and biocompatible layer formation. This volume in the Advanced Materials Book Series includes twelve chapters divided into two main areas: Part 1: Functional Metal Oxides: Architecture, Design and Applications and Part 2: Multifunctional Hybrid Materials: Fundamentals and Frontiers
Success is your birthright. Ensure no one snatches it.” With a vision of transforming the nation from ‘Good to Great’, the author has spearheaded a mission to inspire professionals, especially youth, to develop self-belief with a ‘Yes, I Can (YIC)’ attitude. Although he is a Post-doctorate in management and an alumnus of IIT Delhi, the author has taken inputs & suggestions from his son, a young manager in an MNC, making this book a good read for the younger generation. He is a visionary thought leader promoting Positivity, Growth, and Sustainable progress for the youth by following the MESH concept (Make Everyone Successful and Happy). The author introduced a disruptive ‘Three-Engine’ model to succeed and emphasized the YIC approach to ignite minds to make them believe in their inherent dormant capabilities to ascend to their Everest of success. Further, he has developed 21+ Disruptive innovative management theories. This book will be published in two volumes with three modules Self-Exploration, Self-Empowered, and Self-Actualization. This book is about Self-Exploration and will facilitate the readers to know and prepare themselves to ascend their Everest ‘Beyond 8000’, the first step in their Success journey. The other volume will guide readers on Self-Empowerment & Self-Actualization, leading to being an Achiever and Super-Achiever (Outlier). It would help to purge the ‘Alas’ moment to have a regret-free Successful, and Happy life. The learning’s from this book would be helpful for professionals, including next-generation youth, in developing contours of Progress & Success.
Graphene Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications brings together innovative methodologies with research and development strategies to provide a detailed state-of-the-art overview of the processing, properties, and technology developments of graphene materials and their wide-ranging applications. The applications areas covered are biosensing, energy storage, environmental monitoring, and health. The book discusses the various methods that have been developed for the preparation and functionalization of single-layered graphene nanosheets. These form the essential building blocks for the bottom-up architecture of various graphene materials because they possess unique physico-chemical properties such as large surface areas, good conductivity and mechanical strength, high thermal stability and desirable flexibility. The electronic behavior in graphene, such as dirac fermions obtained due to the interaction with the ions of the lattice, has led to the discovery of novel miracles like Klein tunneling in carbon-based solid state systems and the so-called half-integer quantum Hall effect. The combination of these properties makes graphene a highly desirable material for applications. In particular, Graphene Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications has chapters covering: Graphene and related two-dimensional nanomaterials Surface functionalization of graphene Functional three-dimensional graphene networks Covalent graphene-polymer nanocomposites Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets Graphene derivatives for energy storage Graphene nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors Graphene nanocomposite-based bulk hetro-junction solar cells Graphene bimetallic nanocatalysts foam for energy storage and biosensing Graphene nanocomposites-based for electrochemical sensors Graphene electrodes for health and environmental monitoring
Legends who leave their mark on history are born of enlightened thinking and action. Through the illuminating pages of this handy book, the reader gets a splendid opportunity to be at close quarters with these legends and the life lessons learned by them during their journeys towards the pinnacle. All these legends are indelibly associated with human progress. They are great by any standard and their lives have become a part of history.This book is the result of more than twelve years of sadhana by Ashutosh Kumar. It is not a set of biographical essays in chronological order; rather, it is a distillation of the experiences and learnings of the chosen legends. It provides glimpses of the leadership mantras of business leaders and the life lessons and wisdom of Lord Buddha, Sai Baba, Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Sri Aurobindo, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Nani Palkhivala, J. R. D Tata, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Sardar Patel, Dr. S Radhakrishnan, Rajendra Prasad, Pt. Sriram Sharma Acharya, Dr. Abdul Kalam, and many more. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once stated, “The heights by great man reached and kept were not attained by sudden flight but they, while their companions slept, were toiling upwards in the night.” Zig Ziglar taught us, “People often complain about the lack of time when lack of direction is the real problem.” It is equally important that it is not how you know, but how you go about fulfilling the purpose of your life that counts. That is what sets the legends apart. A must-read for all those who want to gain a deeper understanding of life by learning from the life experiences of legends and charting a path towards greatness.
This rediscovery of First Amendment rights offers both an engaging constitutional history and insight into contemporary political dialogue and society.
In 60 years the nuclear tipped South Asian enduring rivals, India and Pakistan have fought four wars and were close to a fifth one in 2001. Indo-Pak dyad has been the focal point of countless studies and while discord and conflict are the focus of most studies there have been periods of cooperation that have not been given enough attention. This book is an attempt to dig out the positive aspects of past Indo-Pak engagements and explore the relevant lessons to help resolve the pending issues. The book argues that both came to terms with each after 50 years and created the composite dialogue process in 1997 and by extracting lessons from the history they can resolve their differences even if their overall relations remain hostile.
The first comprehensive guide to the chemicals and gases used in semiconductor manufacturing The fabrication of semiconductor devices involves a series of complex chemical processes such as photolithography, etching, cleaning, thin film deposition, and polishing. Until now, there has been no convenient source of information on the properties, applications, and health and safety considerations of the chemicals used in these processes. The Handbook of Chemicals and Gases for the Semiconductor Industry meets this need. Each of the Handbook's eight chapters is related to a specific area of semiconductor processing. The authors provide a brief overview of each step in the process, followed by tables containing physical properties, handling, safety, and other pertinent information on chemicals and gases typically used in these processes. The 270 chemical and gas entries include data on physical properties, emergency treatment procedures, waste disposal, and incompatible materials, as well as descriptions of applications, chemical mechanisms involved, and references to the literature. Appendices cross-reference entries by process, chemical name, and CAS number. The Handbook's eight chapters are: Thin Film Deposition Materials Wafer Cleaning Materials Photolithography Materials Wet and Dry Etching Materials Chemical Mechanical Planarizing Methods Carrier Gases Uncategorized Materials Semiconductor Chemicals Analysis No other single source brings together these useful and important data on chemicals and gases used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. The Handbook of Chemicals and Gases for the Semiconductor Industry will be a valuable reference for process engineers, scientists, suppliers to the semiconductor industry, microelectronics researchers, and students.
Since Pakistan's birth in 1947 while Islam's role in state-building and identity creation has not been fully delineated and defined, the Military and civilian regimes however have impressively exploited its mass appeal to garner public support and political legitimacy. As a result Islamists have seen a steady rise as a third political force, culminating in Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal's rise to power in North West Frontier Province in 2002. It was unprecedented but not unexpected, as this book argues. The democratic opposition had accused Gen. Pervez Musharraf of establishing this partnership during his presidential referendum in 2002 in which the Military establishment had mobilised several extremist groups to campaign and organise meetings across Pakistan. Such a partnership has thrived time and again accruing political dividends to both sides and at times even at the expense of country's own security and political stability. The book traces the relationship between the Military and Islamists, herein referred to as the two extremes and examines various measures and acts that resulted since it evolved in 2002. It explains the dynamics of Military-Islamists partnership under Musharraf and how it differed in substance and intent from what featured under Gen. Zia ul Haq. This book is not only about their mutual trust but mistrust as well and illustrates the perils of such an engagement for Pakistan's own stability and security that Musharraf overlooked in his blind pursuit for power. It is a study that helps understand many events and developments that have rocked Pakistan recently.
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