This monograph explores the analysis and design of model-free optimal control systems based on reinforcement learning (RL) theory, presenting new methods that overcome recent challenges faced by RL. New developments in the design of sensor data efficient RL algorithms are demonstrated that not only reduce the requirement of sensors by means of output feedback, but also ensure optimality and stability guarantees. A variety of practical challenges are considered, including disturbance rejection, control constraints, and communication delays. Ideas from game theory are incorporated to solve output feedback disturbance rejection problems, and the concepts of low gain feedback control are employed to develop RL controllers that achieve global stability under control constraints. Output Feedback Reinforcement Learning Control for Linear Systems will be a valuable reference for graduate students, control theorists working on optimal control systems, engineers, and applied mathematicians.
Lim Kim San's name is linked inextricably to Singapore's public housing. This is entirely appropriate because he played a crucial role in the success of the Housing Board, which transformed both the country's physical landscape and gave Singaporeans a tangible stake in the future of their young nation. However, important though Lim's role was at the Board and as Minister for National Development, it was not his sole contribution to Singapore. He made a decisive difference in several other key areas, including Finance, and Interior and Defence. This biography draws on Lim's Oral History Interview, which was made accessible to the author, the Hansard, Lim's speeches, and newspaper clippings, in addition to fresh interviews conducted with other Singapore leaders who had worked with Lim. The result is a composite picture of a great Singapore leader.
Asad Durrani served as a three star general in the Pakistan army, and later headed the Inter-Services Intelligence agency from 1990 to 1992. His time in service encompassed the Soviet Union's withdrawal from Afghanistan and dissolution; shifting regional and international alliances, particularly with the US; and contending with India's economic recovery. On the home front, Pakistan passed through a transition from military rule to a democratic order. As an intelligence chief General Durrani dealt with many critical issues at home and abroad. Here he reflects on his time in office--refined by distance and by diplomatic stints in Germany and Saudi Arabia, his assessment of the challenges faced by Pakistan in the last decades is both novel and informed. Though critical of the country's civil and military leadership-- also conceding some of his own flaws--he argues that the real causes of Pakistan's travails differ from what international observers have come to believe. This insightful book concludes by offering new perspectives on Saudi involvement in and reaction to 9/11 and on the Kingdom's shifting foreign policy goals following the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
The book is a modern take on the subject of the tribes and other socio-ethnic groups that inhabit Pakistan within the wider academic framework in the field of social sciences. While there has already been work carried out on the Pashtun and Afghan tribal territories and peoples, this text describes in detail the tribal societies of the whole of Pakistan–their origins, history, social profile and administrative structure. It also discusses these issues within the context of the areas’ geostrategic significance, historical processes, social ideology and institutional structure. The narrative promotes an understanding of the disruptive effects of external and internal factors and the distortions caused in these societies by the introduction of institutional, legal, political and social reforms which failed to take into account their deep-seated cultural sensitivities. It utilizes a wide variety of sources—both modern and old–to present a concise work on an extremely complex and detailed topic dealing with caste, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and tribal enmities and affinities. The book contains maps of the areas along with brief geo-specific descriptions to acquaint the reader with the terrain and topography of the region, which play an important role in the lives of these societies.
This book is an historical account of India's relations with Singapore, which have reached a new peak today. It highlights several turning points in that relationship: the role of Bengal in Sir Stamford Raffles's decision to set up a base in Singapore; the contribution of Indian labour to the construction of Singapore; the Singapore Mutiny of 1915; Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's arrival in wartime Singapore and the revitalization of the Indian National Army; independent Singapore's early relations with India; the dramatic breakthrough in ties created by India's Look East policy following the end of the Cold War; and the arrival of global Indians in Singapore.
Prepare for Microsoft Certification Exam 70-483: Programming in C#. The “What, Why, and How” of each concept is presented along with quick summaries, code challenges, and exam questions to review and practice key concepts. You will learn how to use: Lambda expressions to write LINQ query expressions Asynchronous programming with the Async and Await keywords to maximize performance of slow applications Regular expressions to validate user input Reflection to create and handle types at runtime and much more The source code in the book will be available in the form of iCanCSharp notebooks and scripts that allow you to try out examples and extend them in interesting ways. What You Will Learn Understand the necessary knowledge and skill set to prepare for Microsoft Exam 70-483 Study the code challenges and practice questions on C# that are relevant to the exam Master the C# programming language Who This Book Is For Experienced C# and .NET programmers and developers who are ready to take and pass the exam in order to get certified
This working paper presents the results of the Pakistan Component of the Rice-Wheat Consortium Project on ‘Sustaining the rice-wheat production systems of Asia’. Rice and wheat crops are main nsources of human food and substantially contribute to feeding livestock. The advent of the green revolution in the 1960s resulted in a tremendous increase in the production of these two cereal crops and the rice-wheat cropping system emerged as a very important source of food supply in South Asia. Recent symptoms of stagnant growth rates in productivity and the degradation of the resource base pose serious challenges to future food security and natural resources management in the region. The growing scarcity of water in the region
Politics of Socio-Spatial Transformation in Pakistan analyses the relationship between socio-spatial transformation, styles of leadership and nature of constituents in Pakistan. It examines the way social change influences politics and leadership in its most populated province. Offering a unique viewpoint to study the relationship between politics and social change by examining the nature of relationship between leaders and their constituents, the author introduces the concept of Gradients of Engagements. The book describes the way values of engagement (Talluq) and styles of leadership mediate engagements among politicians, citizens and state bureaucracy in villages and small towns of Pakistani Punjab. Starting with the mapping of socio-economic and spatio-demographic non-metropolitan locales, the book illustrates the centrality of the processes of "rurbanization" and "governmentalization". It points out how political leaders mediate these processes, personal and public demands of their constituents’ invoking claims or representativeness and public service. The author breaks engagements between leaders and constituents into four gradients of representation (elections), public service delivery (development), everyday problem-solving (governance) and collective action, thus providing a contextualized and grounded comprehension of the process democratization and its substantive and performative aspects. In addition to providing a historical sketch of economic development, evolution of social organization and development of political institutions in Punjab, the book includes an ethnography of political elites and study of everyday political engagements to show how the styles of leadership mediates the process of institutional development and public service delivery in "rurban" Punjab. A novel contribution to the study of political processes such as state formation, collective action, representation, and citizenship in a comparative manner embedded in space and informed by cultural meanings, the book will be of interest to researchers studying South Asian, Pakistan and Punjab/Sikh studies, Development Studies and Urban Studies.
Waste management has become a great challenge for cities and urban areas, especially in countries with a high population density. This book looks at the waste management apparatus of the city of Indore, India, to see how the city overhauled its waste management practices and strategies to become one of the cleanest cities in the country. The volume highlights the challenges that the city faced and its use of innovative business models, technology, and infrastructure as well as instituting sweeping policy and process changes to bring change. It examines the city’s successful efforts to bring informal waste management systems to the mainstream and other interventions to close the gaps between government institutions, sanitation workers, and the general public. It further throws light on the use of technological interventions that the city government adopted for streamlining waste management and developing a sustainable business model for waste and emission reduction leading to achieve carbon credits and net zero goals. This book will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers of urban planning and management, urban sociology, urban geography, waste management, and environmental studies. It will also be useful to policymakers and professionals working in the field of city management planning and governance.
British India's Relations with the Kingdom of Nepal (1970) uses original documents and confidential papers never before available to examine the relations between Nepal and British India from 1857 to 1947. Though relations between the two countries were generally friendly, they occasionally clashed when Nepal felt that its independence and indigenous way of life was threatened. Although Nepal customarily followed policies which appeared to be harmonious with those of Great Britain, Professor Husain shows that its policies were usually based on self-interest and, contrary to traditional thinking, Nepal was a nation largely independent of British control.
Most conventional networks are passive, with only basic traffic monitoring, management, routing, and congestion control. At best, they can be called reactive. Deploying new functions and integrating new standards into these architectures is difficult due to the rigid embedding of software and hardware into the network components. Active and Program
Most conventional networks are passive, with only basic traffic monitoring, management, routing, and congestion control. At best, they can be called reactive. Deploying new functions and integrating new standards into these architectures is difficult due to the rigid embedding of software and hardware into the network components. Active and Program
An essential, high-yield resource to prep for neurosurgery board examinations Top Score for the Neurosurgery Board Examination: Questions and Answers by Drs. Shehzad Safdar Tarar, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Mubashir Malik, Syed Asad Ur Rehman Omer, and Memoona Ejaz covers Greenberg's Handbook of Neurosurgery in chapter-wise fashion. Organized in 22 parts and 116 chapters, this study prep starts with anatomy and physiology and concludes with procedures, interventions, operations. More than 2,000 multiple choice questions with answer keys provide a reader-friendly resource that enhances acquisition and retention of the vast insights and knowledge contained in Greenberg's Handbook of Neurosurgery. Key Features High-yield questions reflect content covered in board exams Mirrors Greenberg's succinct chapter organization format, providing a rapid review Classifications and tables help assess core knowledge and enhance understanding This is an indispensable resource for all neurosurgery board and international postgraduate exit examinations, globally. Neurosurgeons studying for maintenance of certification will also benefit from consulting this practical study companion.
Si l'eau d'un étang reste immobile, elle devient stagnante, boueuse et fétide ; elle ne reste claire que si elle remue et coule. IL en est de même de l'homme qui voyage " dit un proverbe arabe. Ce n'est pas tant la soif d'action qui anime Muhammad Asad que le désir d'aller à la rencontre de lui-même. Au terme de son voyage, il aura gagné un monde nouveau contre un ancien qu'il n'a jamais possédé. C'est là le sens de " ses errances " qui ne sont en réalité que l'accompagnement d'une aventure intérieure. Combattre avec les guérilleros en lutte pour leurs libertés lui est aussi nécessaire que prier. Car Asad est un mystique. Et son livre est une extraordinaire autobiographie spirituelle. En retraçant avec tant de chaleur, de sincérité et d'intelligence sa lente découverte de vérités nouvelles pour lui, il présente, et réhabilite l'Islam aux yeux d'un vaste public occidental. Pour cet étranger au teint clair, l'Islam qui dit oui à la vie et non à l'ascétisme est beaucoup plus une manière de vivre qu'une religion au sens ordinaire du terme. Tout au long de ce voyage symbolique vers la Mecque, Asad, à la manière des conteurs arabes, entremêle aventures, témoignages sur les événements du Proche-Orient et sur les coutumes et codes légendaires d'une Arabie qui n'existe plus. Un jeune reporter juif-autrichien chemine à dos de chameau sous une lumière étourdissante. IL tombe amoureux des Arabes et de leur foi... Bientôt Ibn Saoud l'appelle son ami.
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