This study examines the transmission and compilation of poetic texts through manuscripts from the late-Elizabethan era through the mid-seventeenth century, paying attention to the distinctive material, social, and literary features of these documents. The study has two main focuses: the first, the particular social environments in which texts were compiled and, second, the presence within this system of a large body of (usually anonymous) rare or unique poems. Manuscripts from aristocratic, academic, and urban professional environments are examined in separate chapters that highlight particular collections. Two chapters consider the social networking within the university and London that facilitated the transmission within these environments and between them. Although the topic is addressed throughout the study, the place of rare or unique poems in manuscript collections is at the center of the final three chapters. The book as a whole argues that scholars need to pay more attention to the social life of texts in the period and to little-known or unknown rare or unique poems that represent a field of writing broader than that defined in a literary history based mainly on the products of print culture.
The last of the literary genres to be incorporated into print culture, verse in the English Renaissance not only was published in anthologies, pamphlets, and folio editions, it was also circulated in manuscript. In this ground-breaking historical and cultural study of sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century lyric poetry, Marotti examines the interrelationship between the two systems of literary transmission and shows how in England manuscript and print publication together shaped the emerging institution of literature. Surveying a wide range of manuscript and print poetry of the period, Marotti outlines the different social and institutional contexts in which poems were collected and transmitted. He focuses on the two kinds of verse that were circulated more commonly in manuscript than in print—the obscene and the political—and he considers the contributions of scribes and compilers, particularly in composing "answer poetry" and other verse. Analyzing the process through which print gradually replaced manuscript as the standard medium for lyric verse, he identifies four crucial events in the history of publication in England: the appearances of Tottel's Miscellany ( (1557), Sir Philip Sidney's works in the 1590s, Ben Jonson's folio Workes (1616), and the posthumous editions of the poems of Donne and of Herbert (both 1633). Marotti also considers how certain material features of the book determined the reception of poetry, and he explores how poets attempted to establish their authority in print in relation to publishers, patrons, and readers.
In Ink, Stink Bait, Revenge, and Queen Elizabeth, Steven W. May and Arthur F. Marotti present a recently discovered "household book" from sixteenth-century England. Its main scribe, John Hanson, was a yeoman who worked as a legal agent in rural Yorkshire. His book, a miscellaneous collection of documents that he found useful or interesting, is a rare example of a middle-class provincial anthology that contains, in addition to works from the country’s cultural center, items of local interest seldom or never disseminated nationally. Among the literary highlights of the household book are unique copies of two ballads, whose original print versions have been lost, describing Queen Elizabeth’s procession through London after the victory over the Spanish Armada; two poems attributed to Elizabeth herself; and other verse by courtly writers copied from manuscript and print sources. Of local interest is the earliest-known copy of a 126-stanza ballad about a mid-fourteenth-century West Yorkshire feud between the Eland and Beaumont families. The manuscript’s utilitarian items include a verse calendar and poetic Decalogue, model legal documents, real estate records, recipes for inks and fish baits, and instructions for catching rabbits and birds. Hanson combined both professional and recreational interests in his manuscript, including material related to his legal work with wills and real estate transactions. As May and Marotti argue in their cultural and historical interpretation of the text, Hanson’s household book is especially valuable not only for the unusual texts it preserves but also for the ways in which it demonstrates the intersection of the local and national and of popular and elite cultures in early modern England.
The last of the literary genres to be incorporated into print culture, verse in the English Renaissance not only was published in anthologies, pamphlets, and folio editions, it was also circulated in manuscript. In this ground-breaking historical and cultural study of sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century lyric poetry, Marotti examines the interrelationship between the two systems of literary transmission and shows how in England manuscript and print publication together shaped the emerging institution of literature. Surveying a wide range of manuscript and print poetry of the period, Marotti outlines the different social and institutional contexts in which poems were collected and transmitted. He focuses on the two kinds of verse that were circulated more commonly in manuscript than in print—the obscene and the political—and he considers the contributions of scribes and compilers, particularly in composing "answer poetry" and other verse. Analyzing the process through which print gradually replaced manuscript as the standard medium for lyric verse, he identifies four crucial events in the history of publication in England: the appearances of Tottel's Miscellany ( (1557), Sir Philip Sidney's works in the 1590s, Ben Jonson's folio Workes (1616), and the posthumous editions of the poems of Donne and of Herbert (both 1633). Marotti also considers how certain material features of the book determined the reception of poetry, and he explores how poets attempted to establish their authority in print in relation to publishers, patrons, and readers.
Arthur F. Marotti has produced the first systematic study of John Donne's poetry as coterie literature, offering fresh interpretations of the poems in their biographical and sociohistorical contexts. It will be of interest and value to students and scholars of English Renaissance literature, to critics interested in the application of revisionist history to literary study, and to those concerned with the processes by which literature became institutionalized in the early modern period. Donne treated poetry as an avocation, restricting his verse to carefully chosed readers: friends, acquaintances, patrons, and the woman he later married. This study employs socio-historical and psychoanalytic methods to examine this poetry as work designed for readers to respond in knowledgeable ways to a complex interplay of literary text and social context. Marotti argues that it is necessary to relate literary language to the languages of social, economic, and political transactions and to define the social and ideological affiliations of literary genres and modes. After setting Donne's practice in the framework of the sixteenth-century systems of manuscript literary transmission, Marotti treats the verse chronologically and according to audience, paying particular attention to the rhetorical enactment of the author's relationships to peers and superiors through the conflicting styles of egalitarian assertion, social iconoclasm, and deferential politeness. Marotti relates the poetry to Donne's contemporary prose, discussing the author's choice of various literary forms in the context of his sociopolitical life as well in terms of the shift from Elizabethan to Jacobean rule, the latter change resulting in a realignment of genres within the culture's literary system. He reads Donne's formal satires, humanist verse letters, erotic elegies, and commentary epistles aware of the social coordinates of those particular genres, and defines the markedly different circumstances to which Donne's libertine, courtly, satiric, sentimental, complimentary, and religious lyrics individually belonged. Marotti deals also with Donne's inventive mixing of genres in both shorter and longer poems. Marotti's groundbreaking work offers new models of historical interpretation of Donne's poetry, complementing previous formalist, intellectual-historical, and literary-historical readings. It particularly highlights the importance of attending to the socioliterary conditions of literature designed for manuscript transmission rather than for publication, work that includes, for example, much of the lyric poetry of Renaissance England.
Arthur F. Marotti has produced the first systematic study of John Donne's poetry as coterie literature, offering fresh interpretations of the poems in their biographical and sociohistorical contexts. It will be of interest and value to students and scholars of English Renaissance literature, to critics interested in the application of revisionist history to literary study, and to those concerned with the processes by which literature became institutionalized in the early modern period. Donne treated poetry as an avocation, restricting his verse to carefully chosed readers: friends, acquaintances, patrons, and the woman he later married. This study employs socio-historical and psychoanalytic methods to examine this poetry as work designed for readers to respond in knowledgeable ways to a complex interplay of literary text and social context. Marotti argues that it is necessary to relate literary language to the languages of social, economic, and political transactions and to define the social and ideological affiliations of literary genres and modes. After setting Donne's practice in the framework of the sixteenth-century systems of manuscript literary transmission, Marotti treats the verse chronologically and according to audience, paying particular attention to the rhetorical enactment of the author's relationships to peers and superiors through the conflicting styles of egalitarian assertion, social iconoclasm, and deferential politeness. Marotti relates the poetry to Donne's contemporary prose, discussing the author's choice of various literary forms in the context of his sociopolitical life as well in terms of the shift from Elizabethan to Jacobean rule, the latter change resulting in a realignment of genres within the culture's literary system. He reads Donne's formal satires, humanist verse letters, erotic elegies, and commentary epistles aware of the social coordinates of those particular genres, and defines the markedly different circumstances to which Donne's libertine, courtly, satiric, sentimental, complimentary, and religious lyrics individually belonged. Marotti deals also with Donne's inventive mixing of genres in both shorter and longer poems. Marotti's groundbreaking work offers new models of historical interpretation of Donne's poetry, complementing previous formalist, intellectual-historical, and literary-historical readings. It particularly highlights the importance of attending to the socioliterary conditions of literature designed for manuscript transmission rather than for publication, work that includes, for example, much of the lyric poetry of Renaissance England.
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