This book is an introduction to hyperbolic and differential geometry that provides material in the early chapters that can serve as a textbook for a standard upper division course on hyperbolic geometry. For that material, the students need to be familiar with calculus and linear algebra and willing to accept one advanced theorem from analysis without proof. The book goes well beyond the standard course in later chapters, and there is enough material for an honors course, or for supplementary reading. Indeed, parts of the book have been used for both kinds of courses. Even some of what is in the early chapters would surely not be nec essary for a standard course. For example, detailed proofs are given of the Jordan Curve Theorem for Polygons and of the decomposability of poly gons into triangles, These proofs are included for the sake of completeness, but the results themselves are so believable that most students should skip the proofs on a first reading. The axioms used are modern in character and more "user friendly" than the traditional ones. The familiar real number system is used as an in gredient rather than appearing as a result of the axioms. However, it should not be thought that the geometric treatment is in terms of models: this is an axiomatic approach that is just more convenient than the traditional ones.
Groupoids often occur when there is symmetry of a nature not expressible in terms of groups. Other uses of groupoids can involve something of a dynamical nature. Indeed, some of the main examples come from group actions. It should also be noted that in many situations where groupoids have been used, the main emphasis has not been on symmetry or dynamics issues. While the implicit symmetry and dynamics are relevant, the groupoid records mostly the structure of the space of leaves and the holonomy. More generally, the use of groupoids is very much related to various notions of orbit equivalance. This book presents the proceedings from the Joint Summer Research Conference on ``Groupoids in Analysis, Geometry, and Physics'' held in Boulder, CO. The book begins with an introduction to ways in which groupoids allow a more comprehensive view of symmetry than is seen via groups. Topics range from foliations, pseudo-differential operators, $KK$-theory, amenability, Fell bundles, and index theory to quantization of Poisson manifolds. Readers will find examples of important tools for working with groupoids. This book is geared to students and researchers. It is intended to improve their understanding of groupoids and to encourage them to look further while learning about the tools used.
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