Presenting new insights into reciprocity, this book combines Marcel Mauss’s well-known gift theory with Barrington Moore’s idea of mutual obligations linking rulers and the ruled. Teasing out the interrelatedness of these approaches, Reciprocity in Human Societies suggests that evolutionary psychology reveals a human tendency for reciprocity and collaboration, not only in a mutually cooperative way but also through increasing retributive moral emotions. The book discusses various historical societies and the different models of the current welfare state—Nordic (social democratic), conservative, and liberal— and the repercussions of the neoliberal policies of tax havens, tax cuts, and austerity with a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges evolutionary psychology, sociology, and social anthropology with history.
This book demonstrates in detail all phases of the 9th National Forest Inventory of Finland (1996–2003): the planning of the sampling design, measurements, estimation methods and results. The inventory knowledge accumulated during almost one hundred years is consolidated in the book. The purpose of the numerous examples of results is to demonstrate the diversity of the estimates and content of a national forest inventory. The most recent results include the assessment of the indicators describing the biodiversity of forests. The Finnish NFI has been and is a model for many countries worldwide. The methods and results of the book are set in the international context and are applicable globally. The book provides a valuable information source for countries, institutions and researchers planning own inventories as well as modifying the existing ones, or seeking the applicable definitions and estimation methods to use in their own inventories.
The relationship of the crown and the nobility with the peasants in the 17th century Sweden (Finland) is addressed from the perspective of taxation. Around the middle of 17th century most of the land under the authority of the crown had been donated to the nobles, until King Charles XI began to resituate these tax-payers to the crown in the 1680's. Taxation was based on a kind of social contract, combining the concept of the power state based on the subordination of its subject with the mutual interaction of the latter and those in power. The subjects also had recognised rights in society and they demanded that their superiors abide by the social contract. The peasants neither revolted openly nor did they submit. Instead, their means of securing their interests ranged from loyal allegiance to means of pressure bordering on open resistance. The major disadvantages posed by taxation for them could not, however, be rectified in this manner. The Great Northern War that broke out in 1700 proved to be a burden that was too heavy for Swedish society.
Presenting new insights into reciprocity, this book combines Marcel Mauss’s well-known gift theory with Barrington Moore’s idea of mutual obligations linking rulers and the ruled. Teasing out the interrelatedness of these approaches, Reciprocity in Human Societies suggests that evolutionary psychology reveals a human tendency for reciprocity and collaboration, not only in a mutually cooperative way but also through increasing retributive moral emotions. The book discusses various historical societies and the different models of the current welfare state—Nordic (social democratic), conservative, and liberal— and the repercussions of the neoliberal policies of tax havens, tax cuts, and austerity with a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges evolutionary psychology, sociology, and social anthropology with history.
The relationship of the crown and the nobility with the peasants in the 17th century Sweden (Finland) is addressed from the perspective of taxation. Around the middle of 17th century most of the land under the authority of the crown had been donated to the nobles, until King Charles XI began to resituate these tax-payers to the crown in the 1680's. Taxation was based on a kind of social contract, combining the concept of the power state based on the subordination of its subject with the mutual interaction of the latter and those in power. The subjects also had recognised rights in society and they demanded that their superiors abide by the social contract. The peasants neither revolted openly nor did they submit. Instead, their means of securing their interests ranged from loyal allegiance to means of pressure bordering on open resistance. The major disadvantages posed by taxation for them could not, however, be rectified in this manner. The Great Northern War that broke out in 1700 proved to be a burden that was too heavy for Swedish society.
The relationship of the crown and the nobility with the peasants in the 17th century Sweden (Finland) is addressed from the perspective of taxation. Around the middle of 17th century most of the land under the authority of the crown had been donated to the nobles, until King Charles XI began to resituate these tax-payers to the crown in the 1680's. Taxation was based on a kind of social contract, combining the concept of the power state based on the subordination of its subject with the mutual interaction of the latter and those in power. The subjects also had recognised rights in society and they demanded that their superiors abide by the social contract. The peasants neither revolted openly nor did they submit. Instead, their means of securing their interests ranged from loyal allegiance to means of pressure bordering on open resistance. The major disadvantages posed by taxation for them could not, however, be rectified in this manner. The Great Northern War that broke out in 1700 proved to be a burden that was too heavy for Swedish society.
Sex, lies and ill-fitting swimwear ... Sun Protection Factor 100. Jan Nyman, the ace detective of the covert operations unit of the National Central Police, is sent to a sleepy seaside town to investigate a mysterious death. Nyman arrives in the town dominated by a bizarre holiday village - the 'hottest beach in Finland'. The suspect: Olivia Koski, who has only recently returned to her old hometown. The mission: find out what happened, by any means necessary"--Provided by publisher.
The funniest writer in Europe' The Times Saunas, love and a ladleful of murder... A cold-blooded killer strikes at the hottest moment: the new head of a sauna-stove company is murdered ... in the sauna. Who has turned up the temperature and burned him to death? The evidence points in the direction of Anni Korpinen – top salesperson and the victim's potential successor at Steam Devil. And as if hitting middle age, being in a marriage that has lost its purpose, and struggling with work weren't enough, Anni realises that she must be quicker than both the police and the murderer to uncover who is behind it all – before it's too late... International bestselling author Antti Tuomainen returns with a darkly funny, delightfully tense new thriller that showcases humanity at its most bare – in middle age, suspected of murder and, of course, in a sauna...
One man's search for his missing wife in a dystopian futuristic Helsinki that is struggling with ruthless climate change. Tapani takes desperate measures in order to find his true love. Written in an engrossingly dense but minimal language.
From Finland's top crime-writer, the prize-winning author of The Healer Aleksi lost his mother on a rainy October day when he was 13 years old. 20 years later, he is certain that he knows who's responsible. Everything points to millionaire Henrik Saarinen. The police don't agree. Aleksi has only one option- to get close to Henrik Saarinen and find out the truth about his mother's fate on his own. But as Aleksi soon discovers, delving into Saarinen and his beautiful daughter's family secrets is a confusing and dangerous enterprise. Dark As My Heart tells the story of a mother and son and the search for justice. It's a story about the cost of obsessions, the price of vengeance and the power of love. Set against a vividly conjured bleak and beautiful Finnish landscape, Dark As My Heart is both a Hitchcockian mystery tale and a modern Greek tragedy.
A successful entrepreneur in the mushroom industry, Jaakko Kaunismaa is a man in his prime. At just 37 years of age, he is shocked when his doctor tells him that he's dying. What is more, the cause is discovered to be prolonged exposure to toxins; in other words, someone has slowly but surely been poisoning him. Determined to find out who wants him dead, Jaakko embarks on a suspenseful rollercoaster journey full of unusual characters, bizarre situations and unexpected twists. With a nod to Fargo and the best elements of the Scandinavian noir tradition, The Man Who Died is a page-turning thriller brimming with the blackest comedy surrounding life and death, and love and betrayal, markinng a stunning new departure for the King of Helsinki Noir.
Can everyone's favourite insurance mathematician, Henri, combine the increasingly dangerous world of adventure parks with the unpredictability of blended-family life? He's about to find out in the final instalment of the hilarious, nail-biting Rabbit Factor Trilogy. `A joyous, triumphant conclusion to Tuomainen's trilogy ... the comic thriller of the year ́ Sunday Times THRILLER OF THE YEAR `Quirky crime capers don't come more left field than the Rabbit trilogy ... extremely funny, with a wicked line in social satire ́ Daily Mail `One of those rare writers who manages to deftly balance intrigue, noir and a deliciously ironic sense of humour ́ Vaseem Khan _______ Henri Koskinen, intrepid insurance mathematician and adventure-park entrepreneur, firmly believes in the power of common sense and order. That is until he moves in with painter Laura Helanto and her daughter... As Henri realises he has inadvertently become part of a group of local dads, a competing adventure park is seeking to expand their operations, not always sticking to the law in the process... Is it possible to combine the increasingly dangerous world of the adventure-park business with the unpredictability of life in a blended family? At first glance, the two appear to have only one thing in common: neither deals particularly well with a mounting body count. In order to solve this seemingly impossible conundrum, Henri is forced to step far beyond the mathematical precision of his comfort zone ... and the stakes have never been higher... Warmly funny, quirky, touching, and a nail-biting triumph of a thriller, The Beaver Theory is the final instalment in the award-winning Rabbit Factor Trilogy, as Henri encounters the biggest challenge of his career, with hair-raising results... Soon to be a major motion picture starring Steve Carell ––––––––– Praise for the Rabbit Factor Trilogy: `Finland's greatest export ́ M.J. Arlidge `The funniest writer in Europe ́ The Times `Thrilling and warmly human. In these uncertain times, what better hero than an actuary? ́ Chris Brookmyre `Delightfully funny ́ Guardian `Unlike anything else out there ́ The Times `A thrilling and hilarious read ́ Liz Nugent `Charming, funny and clever, this is a novel to cheer up anyone who is finding life a little tough ́ Literary Review `A delight from start to finish ́ Big Issue `Original and brilliant story-telling ́ Helen FitzGerald `A coruscating comedy ́ Sunday Times `You don't expect to laugh when you're reading about terrible crimes, but that's what you'll do when you pick up one of Tuomainen's decidedly quirky thrillers ́ New York Times `A refreshing change from the decidedly gloomier crime fiction for which Scandinavia is known ́ Publishers Weekly `Right up there with the best ́ Times Literary Supplement `A thriller with black comedy worth of Nabokov ́ Telegraph
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