Italy remains an enigma for many observers. Recent Social Trends in Italy, 1960-1995, the sixth volume from the international Comparative Charting of Social Change program, provides a new and convincing schema for its comprehension. It shows that three essential institutions have structured and unified Italian society: the family, the church, and political parties. While the state remains a weak institution, it is important as a regulator of the economy and of society through the welfare state. The book, which contains a long introduction by Alberto Martinelli on the uneven modernization of Italy, shows the usefulness of analysing social change through study of a series of macro-social trends. These trends range from life-style structures to fertility, leisure, consumption, inequality, religion, and family, among others. This sixth national profile provides more arguements in favour of a hypothesis of diversification, rather than convergence, of modern societies. As Henri Mendras writes in the preface of the book, "The more we change, the more we remain ourselves: that is the conclusion of our comparative research, and the Italian study provides further ample proof of it.
How cinema and video have transformed our perception of time The year 1895 saw two events, from which Time Machine: Cinematic Temporalitiestakes its bearings: the publication of H.G. Wells' "scientific romance" The Time Machine: An Invention, the first literary work in which movement through time is made possible by technology; and the first public presentation, on the evening of December 28, 1895, of the Lumière Brothers' Cinématographe. Based on these two moments, Time Machineshows how cinema, video and video installations have transformed our perception of time through techniques of slow motion and acceleration, loops and reversals, time-lapse and freeze-frame, multiple exposure and stop-motion animation, as well as through montage: that crucial act of separating and joining images and sounds which has often been considered as one of cinema's defining traits. The 11 texts in this volume shed new light on the aesthetic, epistemological, political and media-theoretical implications of cinematic time manipulation.
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