It is widely accepted that there is a relationship between ice volume and the solar insolation in summer in the northern hemisphere. The Earth's glacial cycles are driven by cyclic changes in the Earth's orbital elements. This conclusion is based on the strong coherence between the approx. 20000 and 40000 year spectral components of ice volume and insolation (Milankovitch-curve) records. These frequencies are determined by the variation of the obliquity of the Earth's axis and by its position relative to the Earth's orbit around the sun. The degree of sum mer insolation on the Earth's northern Hemisphere is believed to be relevant to climate because the North Atlantic is where cold saline water is being formed. Present day deep water circulation is driven by salt build-up in due to net evapora tion. In contrast, in the North Pacific precipitation exceeds evaporation. Thus, deep water transfers a surplus of salt from the N. Atlantic to the North Pacific. This surface water delivers also oxygen to the deep ocean. In contrast, upwelling deep water transfers nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface water. Today the time of renewal of deep water is in the order of 1000 years.
This book presents a foray into the fascinating process of risk management, beginning from classical methods and approaches to understanding risk all the way into cutting-age thinking. Risk management by necessity must lie at the heart of governing our ever more complex digital societies. New phenomena and activities necessitate a new look at how individuals, firms, and states manage the uncertainty they must operate in. Initial chapters provide an introduction to traditional methods and show how they can be built upon to better understand the workings of the modern economy. Later chapters review digital activities and assets like cryptocurrencies showing how such emergent risks can be conceptualized better. Network theory figures prominently and the book demonstrates how it can be used to gauge the risk in the digital sectors of the economy. Predicting the unpredictable black swan events is also discussed in view of a wider adoption of economic simulations. The journey concludes by looking at how individuals perceive risk and make decisions as they operate in a virtual social network. This book interests the academic audience, but it also features insights and novel research results that are relevant for practitioners and policymakers.
At first there were the horticulturists and wine growers, then came the wine makers, the coopers, and the cellar masters. Inevitably there were wine shippers and wine merchants. Chemists and biologists added their skills in the past two centuries, and only very recently came the oenologists and the professional wine tasters. Wine writers play an important role in today's wine trade, and there were always wine connoisseurs and wine snobs. From 5000BC to the modern day, this book provides a chronological history of the wine pioneers through the ages.
This book presents the methods, tools and techniques that are currently being used to recognise (automatically) the affect, emotion, personality and everything else beyond linguistics (‘paralinguistics’) expressed by or embedded in human speech and language. It is the first book to provide such a systematic survey of paralinguistics in speech and language processing. The technology described has evolved mainly from automatic speech and speaker recognition and processing, but also takes into account recent developments within speech signal processing, machine intelligence and data mining. Moreover, the book offers a hands-on approach by integrating actual data sets, software, and open-source utilities which will make the book invaluable as a teaching tool and similarly useful for those professionals already in the field. Key features: Provides an integrated presentation of basic research (in phonetics/linguistics and humanities) with state-of-the-art engineering approaches for speech signal processing and machine intelligence. Explains the history and state of the art of all of the sub-fields which contribute to the topic of computational paralinguistics. C overs the signal processing and machine learning aspects of the actual computational modelling of emotion and personality and explains the detection process from corpus collection to feature extraction and from model testing to system integration. Details aspects of real-world system integration including distribution, weakly supervised learning and confidence measures. Outlines machine learning approaches including static, dynamic and context‐sensitive algorithms for classification and regression. Includes a tutorial on freely available toolkits, such as the open-source ‘openEAR’ toolkit for emotion and affect recognition co-developed by one of the authors, and a listing of standard databases and feature sets used in the field to allow for immediate experimentation enabling the reader to build an emotion detection model on an existing corpus.
Encyclopedic, definitive, and state-of-the-art in the field of vascular disease and its medical, surgical, and interventional management, Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy offers authoritative guidance from the most respected and innovative global thought leaders and clinical and basic science experts of our time. The thoroughly revised 10th Edition, published in association with the Society for Vascular Surgery and authored by multidisciplinary and international contributors, is an outstanding reference for vascular surgeons, vascular medicine specialists, interventional radiologists and cardiologists, and their trainees who depend upon Rutherford's in their practice. Under the expert editorial guidance of Drs. Anton N. Sidawy and Bruce A. Perler, it is quite simply the most complete and most reliable resource available on the art and science of circulatory diseases. - Incorporates fundamental vascular biology, diagnostic techniques, and decision making as well as medical, endovascular, and surgical treatment of vascular disease. - Features numerous concise and comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms vital to patient evaluation and management. - Covers all vascular imaging techniques, offering a non-invasive evaluation of both the morphology and hemodynamics of the vascular system. - Employs a full-color layout, images and online videos, so readers can view clinical and physical findings and operative techniques more vividly. - Contains fully updated and more concise chapters with a focused format and summary for each that provides a quick access to key information—ideal for consultation as well as daily practice. - Includes expanded coverage of the business of vascular surgery, including a new section on the use of technology platforms and social media, and new chapters on telemedicine, the development and operation of outpatient dialysis centers and multispecialty cardiovascular centers, vascular information on the internet, and much more. - Provides new content on key topics such as endovascular treatment of complex aortic disease, acute vascular occlusion in the pediatric population, outpatient vascular care, and anatomic surgical exposures for open surgical reconstructions. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
What can we learn from nature? The study of the physical, chemical and structural properties of well-known minerals in the geo- and biosphere creates new opportunities for innovative applications in technology, environment or medicine. This book highlights today’s research on outstanding minerals such as garnets used as components in all solid state batteries, delafossite formation during wastewater treatment, monazites for the immobilization of high level radioactive waste or hyroxylapatite as bioactive material for medical implant applications. Contents Part I: High-technology materials Lithium ion–conducting oxide garnets Olivine-type battery materials Natural and synthetic zeolites Microstructure analysis of chalcopyrite-type CuInSe2 and kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layers in thin film solar cells Surface-engineered silica via plasma polymer deposition Crystallographic symmetry analysis in NiTi shape memory alloys Part II: Environmental mineralogy Gold, silver, and copper in the geosphere and anthroposphere: can industrial wastewater act as an anthropogenic resource? Applied mineralogy for recovery from the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Phosphates as safe containers for radionuclides Immobilization of high-level waste calcine (radwaste) in perovskites Titanate ceramics for high-level nuclear waste immobilization Part III: Biomineralization, biomimetics, and medical mineralogy Patterns of mineral organization in carbonate biological hard materials Sea urchin spines as role models for biological design and integrative structures Nacre: a biomineral, a natural biomaterial, and a source of bio-inspiration Hydroxylapatite coatings: applied mineralogy research in the bioceramics field A procedure to apply spectroscopic techniques in the investigation of silica-bearing industrial materials
Humanity suffers from an Emotional Plague, declared Dr. Wilhelm Reich. For his controversial ideas, his books were banned and burned, and he died in prison. Robert Anton Wilson explores the trials of Reich in this essay and play script. In his introduction, Dr. Christopher S. Hyatt writes, "Wilhelm Reich In Hell is an appropriate title for the horrific experiences that Dr. Reich, our hero, endured. Dr. Wilson's sensitive and insightful expression, using two literary forms, provides the reader who is interested in the effects of the "Whirling" Inquisition against the Mind with insights both subtle and daring." "Wilson managed to reverse every mental polarity in me, as of I had been pulled through infinity. I was astonished and delighted." - Philip K. Dick, author of VALIS, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (Blade Runner) and other great books "A dazzling barker hawking tickets to the most thrilling tilt-a-whirls and daring loop-o-planes on the midway of higher consciousness." - Tom Robbins, author of Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, Jitterbug Perfume and other great books "Erudite, witty and genuinely scary..." - Publishers Weekly "One of the leading thinkers of the modern age." - Barbara Marx Hubbard, Foundation for Conscious Evolution
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