This book shows how the police functioned in the cities of the Napoleonic Empire. Shifting attention away from political repression, it focuses on the men who embodied this institution and made it work day-to-day. Based on extensive archival research, the book shows how the Napoleonic police were indeed an instrument of power, but also a profession and a service to the public. Traditionally associated with the image of Joseph Fouché and with political surveillance, the Napoleonic police, when studied from the local level, thus reveals itself to be much more complex and oriented simultaneously towards both the preservation of the regime and maintaining good urban order.
This book shows how the police functioned in the cities of the Napoleonic Empire. Shifting attention away from political repression, it focuses on the men who embodied this institution and made it work day-to-day. Based on extensive archival research, the book shows how the Napoleonic police were indeed an instrument of power, but also a profession and a service to the public. Traditionally associated with the image of Joseph Fouché and with political surveillance, the Napoleonic police, when studied from the local level, thus reveals itself to be much more complex and oriented simultaneously towards both the preservation of the regime and maintaining good urban order.
Over the past decade, the problem of popular justice has been the subject of a major historiographic renewal. In particular, the conferences at Trento (2012) and Regensburg (2015) advanced on many fronts in our understanding not only of the multiplicity of fields covered by the concept of popular justice but also of the historical processes that conditioned the transformation, the emergence or the extinction of its various forms, from the late 18th century to the present day. With the affirmation of nation-states, this led to the legitimization and institutionalization of the exercise of justice by the ́people ́under the close control of government. The people's jury is probably the judicial institution most representative of this historical process. However, the establishment of ́institutional ́ popular justice has had a far from a linear trajectory. On one hand, the legitimacy of the exercise of justice by the people was continually challenged in Europe by conservative governments and by legal professionals alike throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. On the other hand, institutional popular justice does not suddenly erase other types of popular justice. These experience a resurgence, especially during periods of political transition or conflict in the face of the failure or collapse of the State. From an analysis of both the crisis contexts and the political, economic and social changes in European societies, it is clear that the concept of people's justice needs to be understood beyond the strictly judicial field and be integrated into the broader horizon of the various forms of policing.This process raises numerous questions: how are local citizens involved into the police systems controlled by the State? What forms do these ́people's police forces ́ take? What relationships do they establish with professional bodies? How do citizens succeed in influencing public order policy? The importance of these questions reflects the need to study the popular components of policing, their evolution over time throughout Europe, and their interaction - or lack thereof - with the bodies of State. By analysing these different dynamics, the contributions this volume will contribute to a reflection that moves beyond the traditionally separate treatment of police force and judiciary. Seen from this perspective, the polysemic nature of popular participation calls for a global and ́connected ́ reading of the problem of maintaining public order.
From the Introduction: "The texts of Aman used in the preparation of this edition are taken from five editions of Montchrestien's plays, i.e., 1601, 1603, 1604, 1606, 1627. There are, however, in fact only two editions which differ from each other, i.e., the 1601 and 1604 editions. . . . In the arrangement of the present text in this edition of texts of [the editions of 1601 and 1604] are printed on opposite pages.
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