An Historical Study with Accompanying Translations of Dante Alighieri's Monarchia, Guido Vernani's Refutation of the Monarchia Composed by Dante and Pope John XXII's Bull, Si Fratrum
An Historical Study with Accompanying Translations of Dante Alighieri's Monarchia, Guido Vernani's Refutation of the Monarchia Composed by Dante and Pope John XXII's Bull, Si Fratrum
While earlier scholars have viewed Dante's treatise as peacefully divorced from its times, Cassell shows that Dante's pose of calm authority above the fray was at once traditional, forensic, courageous, and hard-won." "Cassell examines in close detail Dante's relations to his patron Can Grande della Scala, Pope John XXII's atempts to strip Can Grande of his privileges, the pertinent traditions of canon law, the culture of contemporary political and ecclesiastical publicists, the work of formal logicians, and the motives of Dante's first post-mortem opponent, Friar Guido Vernani. The author traces the treatise's reception through and beyond the first censorship and public burning that it suffered in Bologna at the hands of Cardinal Bertrand du Poujet in 1328.
The heart of the book is an analysis showing how these strategies are carried out based on site-visit data from 26 highly diverse colleges and universities. This broad sampling covers all geographic regions of the country and every type of institution from elite research universities to community colleges. The authors then consider what strategies are possible in particular markets and how they affect students and competing institutions. Their conclusions draws out the implications of strategy and competition for the various customers of the U.S. higher education industry. Groundbreaking and genuinely exploratory in methodology, In Pursuit of Prestige will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the future of higher education."--BOOK JACKET.
This title has been written with a very simple aim in mind - to provide a text which will enable the English legal system to be taught as an interesting, intellectually stimulating course.
How can East and Southern African nations reduce poverty and hunger through agricultural growth? How can they create sufficient market demand to power such growth? This report proposes answers to these questions, applying a general equilibrium framework to the experiences of Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The authors conclude that, for countries like these, promoting traditional agricultural exports, developing nontraditional exports, and increasing food staple growth will probably not be sufficient to generate a significant level of economic growth. Instead, the model simulations suggest that reductions in marketing costs through improved infrastructure and development of market institutions, along with significant growth in the nonagricultural economy (besides that generated by agricultural growth linkages) are necessary conditions for rapid economic growth. This report's findings are a valuable first step toward understanding how East and Southern African nations can achieve economywide growth and poverty reduction.
The Industrial Revolution brought into being a distinct world, a world of greater affluence, longevity and mobility, an urban rather than a rural world. But the great surge of economic growth was balanced against severe constraints on the opportunities for expansion, revealing an intriguing paradox. This book, published to considerable critical acclaim, explores the paradox and attempts to provide a distinct model' of the changes that comprised the industrial revolution.
It is a measure of Professor Samuelson's preeminence that the sheer scale of his work should be so much taken for granted, observes a reviewer in the Economist who goes on to note that a cynic might add that it would have been better for Professor Samuelson to write less merely to give others a chance to write at all.These volumes contain virtually all of Professor Paul A. Samuelson's contributions to economic theory through mid-1964 - a total of 129 papers. Included are his classic articles on such topics as revealed preference, factor-price equalization, and public goods; as well as some articles which until now have only been privately circulated or "buried" in Festschriften, such as "Market Mechanisms and Maximization" and "The Structure of a Minimum Equilibrium System." The articles have been grouped together into five books, compiled in two volumes. The books, in turn have been divided into sections, each of which contains articles on the same or closely related topics. Within the sections the articles are arranged chronologically. The graduate student and professional economist will welcome The Collected Scientific Papers of Paul A. Samuelson as a valuable addition to their libraries.
The British opium trade along China’s seacoast has come to symbolize China’s century-long descent into political and social chaos. In the standard historical narrative, opium is the primary medium through which China encountered the economic, social, and political institutions of the West. Opium, however, was not a Sino–British problem confined to southeastern China. It was, rather, an empire-wide crisis, and its spread among an ethnically diverse populace created regionally and culturally distinct problems of control for the Qing state. This book examines the crisis from the perspective of Qing prohibition efforts. The author argues that opium prohibition, and not the opium wars, was genuinely imperial in scale and is hence much more representative of the actual drug problem faced by Qing administrators. The study of prohibition also permits a more comprehensive and accurate observation of the economics and criminology of opium. The Qing drug traffic involved the domestic production, distribution, and consumption of opium. A balanced examination of the opium market and state anti-drug policy in terms of prohibition reveals the importance of the empire’s landlocked western frontier regions, which were the domestic production centers, in what has previously been considered an essentially coastal problem.
This book explains the historical significance and introduction of the presumption of innocence into common law legal systems. It explains that the presumption should be seen as reflecting notions of moral comfort around judgment of others. Specifically, when one is asked to make a judgment about the guilt or otherwise of a person accused of wrongdoing, the default position should be to do nothing. This reflects the very serious consequences of what we do when we decide someone is guilty of wrongdoing and is not a step to be taken lightly. Traditionally, decision makers have only taken it when they are morally comfortable with that decision. It then documents how legislators in a range of common law jurisdictions have undermined the presumption of innocence, through measures such as reverse onus provisions, allowing or requiring inferences to be made against an accused, redefining offenses and defenses in novel ways to minimize the burden on the prosecutor, and by dressing proceedings as civil when they are in substance criminal. Courts have too easily acceded to such measures, in the process permitting accused persons to be convicted although there is reasonable doubt as to their guilt, and where they are not guilty of sufficiently blameworthy conduct to attract criminal sanction. It finds that the courts must be prepared to re-assert the prime importance of the presumption of innocence, only permitting criminal sanctions to be imposed where they are morally certain that the accused did that of which they have been accused, and morally comfortable that the conduct being addressed is worthy of the kind of criminal sanction which prosecutors seek to impose. Courts must be morally comfortable about the finding of guilt, and the imposition of the criminal penalty in a given case. They have lost sight of this moral underpinning to criminal law process and substance, and it must be regained.
Each day a new law or regulation affects the way respiratory therapists perform their jobs. This basic legal guide contains the extensive information respiratory therapists need to know about the court system, lawyers, law, and litigation. Written by the author, a lawyer and therapist with 13 years of clinical experience ranging from floor therapy to administrative and management functions, this book combines the author's knowledge of the complex interactions in the legal system and how the legal system relates to therapy delivered at the bedside. A resource for students and professionals, the book presents 16 areas of the law, including medical negligence, hospital law and employment law. The text also contains a series of questions and answers about the subject areas of the law, and provides extensive guidance for therapists navigating the treacherous currents of ever changing laws. This is a book for anyone who treats respiratory therapy patients or manages therapists. Most legal texts are written either by non-lawyers or non-therapists. Non-lawyers do not understand the complex interactions in the legal system, and are not permitted to give advice. Non-therapists may understand the law very well, but be unable to relate to how therapy is delivered at the bedside. This book is written by a therapist who is a lawyer, and who has been at the bedside. With thirteen years of clinical experience ranging from floor-therapy to administration and management functions, the author understands how a hospital works. The result is a book that is useful both as a course-book and as a reference
Analyzes the behavior, design, and implementation of artificial recurrent neural networks. Offers methods of synthesis for associative memories. Evaluates the qualitative properties and limitations of neural networks. Contains practical applications for optimal system performance.
The final book from a towering pioneer in the study of poverty and inequality—a critically important examination of poverty around the world In this, his final book, economist Anthony Atkinson, one of the world’s great social scientists and a pioneer in the study of poverty and inequality, offers an inspiring analysis of a central question: What is poverty and how much of it is there around the globe? The persistence of poverty—in rich and poor countries alike—is one of the most serious problems facing humanity. Better measurement of poverty is essential for raising awareness, motivating action, designing good policy, gauging progress, and holding political leaders accountable for meeting targets. To help make this possible, Atkinson provides a critically important examination of how poverty is—and should be—measured. Bringing together evidence about the nature and extent of poverty across the world and including case studies of sixty countries, Atkinson addresses both financial poverty and other indicators of deprivation. He starts from first principles about the meaning of poverty, translates these into concrete measures, and analyzes the data to which the measures can be applied. Crucially, he integrates international organizations’ measurements of poverty with countries’ own national analyses. Atkinson died before he was able to complete the book, but at his request it was edited for publication by two of his colleagues, John Micklewright and Andrea Brandolini. In addition, François Bourguignon and Nicholas Stern provide afterwords that address key issues from the unfinished chapters: how poverty relates to growth, inequality, and climate change. The result is an essential contribution to efforts to alleviate poverty around the world.
Now in its Fifth Edition, Crofton and Douglas's Respiratory Diseases has firmly established itself as the leading clinical textbook on diseases of the chest. Presented, for the first time, as a two-volume set, this classic text has been completely rewritten and greatly expanded. Extensive revisions ensure that these volumes present an up-to-date review of all aspects of lung disease . The contributions of some 18 leading authorities ensure that each area is comprehensively covered and new to this edition are chapters on the genetics of lung disease, smoking, air pollution, sleep apnoea, diving, lung transplantation and medico-legal aspects. The changes in content reflect the pace of change in the areas concerned not only in terms of understanding of the disease processes but also their treatment. The single chapter on asthma that appeared in previous editions, has now been expanded into three chapters covering epidemiology, mechanisms and management, reflecting the enormous research effort currently underway following a marked increase in the incidence of this disease in recent years. This new edition continues to provide an excellent reference both for the trainee and specialist in respiratory medicine, as well as the general physician. It will be extremely useful on the ward and in the office, where clinical problems arise and questions are asked which need clear answers.
Neurodegenerative diseases are major contributors to disability and disease, with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases the most prevalent. This major reference reviews the rapidly advancing knowledge of pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the context of a comprehensive survey of each disease and its clinical features. The editors and contributors are among the leading experts in the field internationally. Covering basic science, diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, the book focuses on all aspects of neurodegenerative disease, including the normal aging process. The dementias, prion diseases, Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms, neurodegenerative ataxias, motor neuron diseases, degenerative diseases with chorea, iron and copper disorders, and mitochondrial diseases, are all methodically presented and discussed, with extensive illustrations. In each case the underlying genetics, neuropathological and clinical issues are fully reviewed, making this the most complete as well as the most authoritative reference available to clinicians and neuroscientists.
This fully revised and updated version of Anthony Giddens's Sociology, now in its fifth edition, offers an unrivalled introduction for students new to the subject lucid, lively, authoritative and original. Written by one of the world's leading sociologists, this comprehensive textbook manages to be clear, accessible and jargon-free, but without oversimplifying complex debates. Earlier editions of Sociology broke new ground by incorporating cutting-edge debates, such as the impact of globalisation, into an introductory text. This fifth edition remains a state of the art textbook, with fresh and engaging new material added throughout. While covering all of the core topics of sociology, the fifth edition also includes a great deal of substantive new material, ensuring that students are introduced to the most recent sociological debates. Throughout, the book weaves together classical and contemporary theory and data, and provides a wide range of everyday examples to which students can easily relate. The fifth edition also benefits from: New discussions of global inequality, disability, ageing and the life course, risk, the network society, and terrorism, as well as many other additional and up-to-date topics. Numerous learning aids in every chapter, such as summary points, questions for further thought, and additional reading suggestions, which help to reinforce studentsrs" knowledge. Lots of extra photographs, diagrams, case studies and cartoons, to bring ideas to life and fire studentsrs" imaginations. High-quality supplementary resources on a dedicated website, including a full instructorsrs" manual and additional student aids, all specially designed to stimulate studentsrs" learning and critical thinking. The fifth edition of this classic textbook is an ideal teaching text for first-yearuniversity and college courses, and will be essential reading for all students who are looking for an exciting, authoritative and easy-to-follow introduction to sociology Please visit the accompanying website at: http://www.polity.co.uk/giddens5/
The acclaimed bestseller that's teaching the world about the power of mass collaboration. Translated into more than twenty languages and named one of the best business books of the year by reviewers around the world, Wikinomics has become essential reading for business people everywhere. It explains how mass collaboration is happening not just at Web sites like Wikipedia and YouTube, but at traditional companies that have embraced technology to breathe new life into their enterprises. This national bestseller reveals the nuances that drive wikinomics, and share fascinating stories of how masses of people (both paid and volunteer) are now creating TV news stories, sequencing the human gnome, remixing their favorite music, designing software, finding cures for diseases, editing school texts, inventing new cosmetics, and even building motorcycles.
The 3rd edition of this leading text provides a detailed account of the purposes of judicial review; the nature of the public-private divide in Northern Ireland law; the judicial review procedure; the grounds for review; and remedies. As with the previous editions, the focus is on case law that is unique to Northern Ireland, and the book identifies some important differences between principle and practice in Northern Ireland and England and Wales. These now include differences resulting from the Ireland-Northern Ireland Protocol (as amended by the Windsor Framework), and this edition explains how and when EU law continues to apply in Northern Ireland. It also considers the leading Human Rights Act decisions of the Northern Ireland courts and the House of Lords and UK Supreme Court. The new edition refers to case law from the courts in England and Wales and Scotland; the Court of Justice of the European Union; and the European Court of Human Rights. There is a particular focus on recent rulings of the High Court and Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland and of rulings of the Supreme Court in cases heard on appeal from Northern Ireland. It considers the main points of the Judicial Review Practice Direction 03-2018 and surveys the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and its implications for Northern Ireland (including the incorporation of the Ireland-Northern Ireland Protocol, as amended by the Windsor Framework). The book will be of use to practitioners in Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK, and also to those involved in the study of judicial reasoning in different jurisdictions (both within the UK and elsewhere).
I would highly recommend this book...It is high quality, clear and comprehensive and will no doubt prove an invaluable source of reference. Five stars on all counts." Tim Kevan, co-editor, PIBULJ.COM This book remains the only text of its kind to cover both the medical and legal aspects of medical negligence. Written by a team of more than 60 experts, it continues to provide the most comprehensive and authoritative guidance on all aspects of clinical negligence claims, from bringing an action for damages to presenting expert evidence in court. It also includes detailed consideration of funding and cost implications. Those needing clear guidance to make the best possible preparations for an action will find all they need here. The new 6th edition has been fully revised and restructured, including new chapters on the future of clinical negligence litigation, cardiology, gynaecology, obstetrics, haematology , and also includes coverage and analysis of recent key cases such as: - Williams v Bermuda Hospitals [2016] UKPC 4 (causation) - R (on the application of Maughan) v HM Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire [2020] UKSC 46 (suicide in inquests) - Darnley v Croydon Health Authority [2018] UKSC 50 (duty of care owed by receptionist) - ABC v St George's Hosp [2020] EWHC 455 (Huntington's chorea confidentiality) - Swift v Carpenter [2020] EWCA Civ 1295 (future accommodation costs) - Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX [2020] UKSC 14 (damages for surrogacy) - Khan v Meadows [2021] UKSC 21 (scope of duty of care) - Nguyen v HM Assistant Coroner for Inner West London [2021] EWHC 3354 (sufficiency of inquiry) Easy-to-access structure The new edition maintains its easy-to-access, two-part structure. The first part, set out in 16 chapters, deals with legal aspects of medical malpractice, including complaints procedures, poor performance and medical professional governance, preparation of medical evidence, settlements and trial. There are also chapters on product liability, and coronial law. The final 27 chapters in the second part cover the risks associated with particular areas of specialist medical practice. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Clinical Negligence online service.
The scope of vicarious liability has significantly expanded since its original conception. Today employers are being found liable for actions of employees that they did not authorise, and never would have authorised if asked. They are being held liable for an employee's criminal activity. In the related strict liability field of non-delegable duties, they are being held liable for wrongdoing of independent contractors. Notions of strict liability have grown increasingly isolated in the law of tort, given the exponential growth in the tort of negligence. They require intellectual justification. Such a justification has proven to be elusive and largely unsatisfactory in relation to vicarious liability and to concepts of non-delegable duty. The law of three jurisdictions studied has now apparently embraced the 'enterprise risk' theory to rationalise the imposition of vicarious liability. This book subjects this theory to strong critique by arguing that it has many weaknesses, which the courts should acknowledge. It suggests that a rationalisation of the liability of an employer for the actions of an employee lies in more traditional legal doctrine which would serve to narrow the circumstances in which an employer is legally liable for a wrong committed by an employee.
As an island, Ireland has always been dependent on its sea ports as gateways to the outside world and the global trade. Natural harbours as Cork, Galway and Bantry, trans-shipment centres as Dublin and Belfast or fishing ports as Dunmore East and Howth - they are all part of the manifold history of the ports of Ireland. Reprint of the third edition from 1858.
A vogue for travel ’stunts’ flourished in England between 1590 and the 1620s: playful imitations or burlesques of maritime enterprise and overland travel that collectively appear to be a response to particular innovations and developments in English culture. This study is the first full length scholarly work to focus on the curious phenomenon of ’madde voiages’, as the writer William Rowley called them. Anthony Parr shows that the mad voyage (as Rowley and others conceived it) had surprisingly deep and diverse roots in traditional travel practices, in courtly play and mercantile custom, and in literary culture. Looking in detail at several of the best-documented exploits, Parr situates them in the ferment of such ventures during the period in question; but also reaches back to explore their classical and mediaeval antecedents, and considers their role in creating a template for eccentric English adventure in later centuries. Renaissance Mad Voyages brings together literary and historical enquiry in order to address the implications of an interesting and neglected cultural trend. Parr's investigation of the rash of travel exploits in the period leads to extensive research on the origins of the wager on travel and its role in the expansion of English tourism and trading activity.
The Human Footprint is a global, thematic, and multi-disciplinary history of the planet, from its earliest origins to its current condition. Avoiding conventional narratives and using the latest research in a diverse range of fields, Penna brings harmony to human history and ecology and provides a fresh, much-needed narrative of world history. Provides a comprehensive, global look at the history of the earth from the Paleolithic to the present era Uses a multi-disciplinary approach, drawing on the most recent research in geology, climatology, evolutionary biology, archaeology, anthropology, history, demography and the social and physical sciences Each chapter expands on a single theme, including human evolution, the invention of agriculture and its global impact, population growth, urbanization, manufacturing, consumption, industrialization, and energy use
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