Challenging the generally accepted belief that the introduction of racial slavery to America was an unplanned consequence of a scarce labor market, Anthony Parent, Jr., contends that during a brief period spanning the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries a small but powerful planter class, acting to further its emerging economic interests, intentionally brought racial slavery to Virginia. Parent bases his argument on three historical developments: the expropriation of Powhatan lands, the switch from indentured to slave labor, and the burgeoning tobacco trade. He argues that these were the result of calculated moves on the part of an emerging great planter class seeking to consolidate power through large landholdings and the labor to make them productive. To preserve their economic and social gains, this planter class inscribed racial slavery into law. The ensuing racial and class tensions led elite planters to mythologize their position as gentlemen of pastoral virtue immune to competition and corruption. To further this benevolent image, they implemented a plan to Christianize slaves and thereby render them submissive. According to Parent, by the 1720s the Virginia gentry projected a distinctive cultural ethos that buffered them from their uncertain hold on authority, threatened both by rising imperial control and by black resistance, which exploded in the Chesapeake Rebellion of 1730.
Challenging the generally accepted belief that the introduction of racial slavery to America was an unplanned consequence of a scarce labor market, Anthony Parent, Jr., contends that during a brief period spanning the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries a small but powerful planter class, acting to further its emerging economic interests, intentionally brought racial slavery to Virginia. Parent bases his argument on three historical developments: the expropriation of Powhatan lands, the switch from indentured to slave labor, and the burgeoning tobacco trade. He argues that these were the result of calculated moves on the part of an emerging great planter class seeking to consolidate power through large landholdings and the labor to make them productive. To preserve their economic and social gains, this planter class inscribed racial slavery into law. The ensuing racial and class tensions led elite planters to mythologize their position as gentlemen of pastoral virtue immune to competition and corruption. To further this benevolent image, they implemented a plan to Christianize slaves and thereby render them submissive. According to Parent, by the 1720s the Virginia gentry projected a distinctive cultural ethos that buffered them from their uncertain hold on authority, threatened both by rising imperial control and by black resistance, which exploded in the Chesapeake Rebellion of 1730.
On the morning of 26 April 1607, three small ships carrying 143 Englishmen arrived off the Virginia coast of North America, having spent four months at sea.... All hoped for financial success and perhaps a little adventure; as it turned out, their tiny settlement eventually would evolve from colony into a prominent state in an entirely new nation." So begins Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607-2007 and the remarkable story behind the founding not only of the state of Virginia but of our nation. With this book, the historians Ronald L. Heinemann, John G. Kolp, Anthony S. Parent Jr., and William G. Shade collaborate to provide a comprehensive, accessible, one-volume history of Virginia, the first of its kind since the 1970s. In seventeen narrative chapters, the authors tackle the four centuries of Virginia’s history from Jamestown through the present, emphasizing the major themes that play throughout Virginia history—change and continuity, a conservative political order, race and slavery, economic development, and social divisions—and how they relate to national events. Including helpful bibliographical listings at the end of each chapter as well as a general listing of useful sources and Websites, the book is truly a treasure trove for any student, scholar, or general-interest reader looking to find out more about the history of Virginia and our nation. Timed to coincide with the 2007 quadricentennial, Old Dominion, New Commonwealth will stand as a classic for years to come.
Within a historical and contemporary context, this book examines major policy practice and research issues as they jointly shape child welfare practice and its future. In addition to describing the major problems facing the field, the book highlights service innovations that have been developed in recent years. The resulting picture is encouraging, especially if certain major program reforms I are implemented and agencies are able to concentrate resources in a focused manner. The volume emphasizes families and children whose primary recourse to services has been through publicly funded child welfare agencies. The book considers historical areas of service—foster care and adoptions, in-home family-centered services, child-protective services, and residential services—where social work has an important role. Authors address the many fields of practice in which child and family services are provided or that involve substantial numbers of social work programs, such as services to adolescent parents, child mental health, education, and juvenile justice agencies. This new edition will continue to serve as a fundamental introduction for new practitioners, as well as summary of recent developments for experienced practitioners.
The main theme of this book is to provide a critical analysis of the "Nigerian dependent management and leadership development in the post world war II colonial Nigeria". (1945-to-1960) and beyond, using foreign fi rms-global/multinational and transnational corporations; U.A.C., SHELL, NNPC and OPEC. All these foreign fi rms have their parent companies resided in their foreign countries of origin (advanced metropolis) and have their subsidiaries or peripheries all over the global communities of under¬developed and developing economies. Paradoxically, the book was generated by on-going political, economic concern and controversy with the fate of the struggle and quest for economic liberation in the third world-under-developed and developing countries of Africa, with direct specifi c studies of the "Nigeria dependent management and leadership development", predates, from 'pre and post' colonial era of the British colonial rule in Nigeria. The book further focuses, elicits and elucidates the third world dependent development. International Political Economy and Global/Multinational-Transnational Corporations, economic and political roles in Nigeria's 'agricultural and oil' base economic factors, by using Nigeria raw materials/natural resources to produce into fi nished products. The profi ts maximization, surpluses and heavy taxation realized through levied and derived from the genesis of the raw materials, making it into complete fi nished products, from the subsidiary country Nigeria, by the British global/multinational corporations of (U.A.C.) the United Africa Company, on the poor peasantry/farmers were been appropriated, expropriated back to the U.A.C's parent company in the United Kingdom's ministry of food and supply. The other raw materials/natural resources of the crude petroleum/oil manufacturing economy were been monopolized by the "SHELL" Oil Royal Dutch of Netherlands and British "SHELL" post emerged, based on the concession signed in Britain, as the British government during colonial rule in Nigeria discovered crude oil segments deposits, in the today's south-south at Oloibiri in 1956, province/region in the today, south-south of eastern Nigeria. The "NNPC" the Nigeria indigenous oil transnational corporation, represented the Nigeria federal government crude oil reserve ownership of 55 % (in a shared venture, with "SHELL" British Petroleum and her partner of the Netherland Royal Dutch Oil Co-"SHELL"- "SHELL" owned 30 %) and profi ts made by "SHELL" was transferred to the "SHELL" parent oil Co, Headquarters at Hague, Netherland; Finally, the "OPEC" relationship with Nigeria, and the world oil market, emerged as the oil giant (developing oil organization) permanent inter-governmental organization, seemed competitively world oil organization, bailed out the global oil community in terms of world oil market stock exchange crashes and recessions; global oil gluts, oil embargos, regional civil wars and unrest threatened "OPEC" oil production, intercepts in bailing out the global oil community, via by optimal production and supplies was apparent in "OPEC" sustainability growth and reinforce the world oil market business continuity. "OPEC" main theme was apparently formed to stabilize and fi x oil prices, amongst the member 12 oil producing and exporting countries from the third world. Assist the member oil producer member countries to produce oil in a quota basis system to prevent any oil price manipulations, intimidations, exploitative mechanism of oil sales malpractices and price anomalies.
Presents the findings from two research projects on risk: (1) a pilot study comprising four mini-case studies on how risk impacted upon budgeting; and (2) a comprehensive survey and analysis of risk management in organisations, in particular how it impacted on both internal controls and on the role of the management accountant.
Movement Disorders 4, the newest volume in the Blue Books in Neurology series provides you with rapid access to practical, clinical guidance on the diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment on the full range of movement disorders. Emphasizes the vast array of pharmacologic therapeutics, backed by clinical trials of the past 15 years to help you determine the best and most up-to-date drug therapy. Provides the latest on hot topics such as frontotemporal dementia and Tourette’s and related disorders, keeping you up to date on today’s issues. Presents the surgical management of Parkinson’s Disease to help you determine when to recommend surgery and for which patients. Includes extensive comprehensive information on Parkinson’s so you can better diagnose and treat PD patients. Offers more clinical details on tremors, differentiating between PD and other movement disorders and the genetics of movement disorders so you can determine which movement disorder is present.
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