Efforts to uncover the explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae and to understand all of their associated phenomena have been ongoing for nearly four decades. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of these cosmic events remains limited; two- and three-dimensional modeling of these events is in its infancy. Most of the modeling efforts over the past four decades have, by necessity, been constrained to spherical symmetry, with the first two-dimensional, albeit simplified, models appearing only during the last decade. Simulations to understand the complex interplay between the turbulent stellar core fluid flow, its magnetic fields, the neutrinos produced in and emanating from the proto-neutron star, the stellar core rotation, and the strong gravitational fields have yet to be performed. Only subsets of these fundamental ingredients have been included in the models thus far, often with approximation.The purpose of this volume is to identify the outstanding issues that remain in order to come to a complete understanding of these important astrophysical events. As the book focuses on open issues rather than the current state of the art in the field ? although the latter will certainly be discussed ? it will remain relevant for some time.
The Handbook of Social Status Correlates summarizes findings from nearly 4000 studies on traits associated with variations in socioeconomic status. Much of the information is presented in roughly 300 tables, each one providing a visual snapshot of what research has indicated regarding how a specific human trait appears to be correlated with socioeconomic status. The social status measures utilized and the countries in which each study was conducted are also identified.QUESTIONS ADDRESSED INCLUDE THE FOLOWING: - Are personality traits such as extraversion, competitiveness, and risk-taking associated with social status? - How universal are sex differences in income and other forms of social status? - What is the association between health and social status? - How much does the answer vary according to specific diseases? - How well established are the relationships between intelligence and social status? - Is religiosity associated with social status, or does the answer depend on which religion is being considered? - Are physiological factors correlated with social status, even factors involving the brain? - Finally, are there as yet any "universal correlates of social status"?
The Handbook of Crime Correlates, Second Edition summarizes more than a century of worldwide research on traits and social conditions associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. Findings are provided in tabular form, enabling readers to determine at a glance the nature of each association. Within each table, results are listed by country, type of crime (or other forms of antisocial behavior), and whether each variable is positively, negatively, or insignificantly associated with offending behavior. Criminal behavior is broken down according to major categories, including violent crime, property crime, drug offenses, sex offenses, delinquency, and recidivism. This book provides a resource for practitioners and academics who are interested in criminal and antisocial behavior. It is relevant to the fields of criminology/criminal justice, sociology, and psychology. No other publication provides as much information about how a wide range of variables—e.g., gender, religion, personality traits, weapons access, alcohol and drug use, social status, geography, and seasonality—correlate with offending behavior. - Includes 600+ tables regarding variables related to criminal behavior - Consolidates 100+ years of academic research on criminal behavior - Findings are identified by country and world regions for easy comparison - Lists criminal-related behaviors according to major categories - Identifies universal crime correlates
A unique text/reader that takes a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to the study of criminology Providing an affordable alternative to the standard textbook, this new edition of the authors' popular text/reader provides instructors and students the best of both worlds – authored text with carefully selected accompanying readings. Now thoroughly updated with new articles, new content, and new statistics, tables, and figures, this Second Edition provides an interdisciplinary perspective on crime and criminality that incorporates the latest theories, concepts, and research from sociology, psychology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and the neurosciences. The new edition is divided into 15 sections that mirror chapters in a typical criminology textbook. New to This Edition: A new Section 11 on Mass Murder and Terrorism makes coverage of these high-interest topics even more accessible. Section 10 now focuses only on murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and domestic violence, making it easier for students to absorb the material. New articles appear in the structural theories section, the sections devoted to violent crime, and throughout the text/reader as needed. The authors now more closely link sections on types of crime to sections on theory to give readers a more cohesive understanding of the connections between the two. Contemporary criminologists' favored theories (drawn from a survey of 770 criminologists) now appear in a table to give readers insight into the professional opinion today on criminological theories. Features: Each Section has a 15-page introduction (a "mini-chapter") that contains vignettes, photos, tables and graphs, end-of-chapter questions, and Web exercises, followed by three to four supporting readings. Theory Section introductions contain a unique table that compares and contrasts the theories presented, while theory concluding sub-sections focus on policy and crime prevention. A "How to Read a Research Article" guide (which appears prior to the first reading) illustrates key aspects of a research article. The book's readings are drawn from carefully selected, edited journal articles appropriate for an undergraduate audience.
Efforts to uncover the explosion mechanism of core collapse supernovae and to understand all of their associated phenomena have been ongoing for nearly four decades. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of these cosmic events remains limited; two- and three-dimensional modeling of these events is in its infancy. Most of the modeling efforts over the past four decades have, by necessity, been constrained to spherical symmetry, with the first two-dimensional, albeit simplified, models appearing only during the last decade. Simulations to understand the complex interplay between the turbulent stellar core fluid flow, its magnetic fields, the neutrinos produced in and emanating from the proto-neutron star, the stellar core rotation, and the strong gravitational fields have yet to be performed. Only subsets of these fundamental ingredients have been included in the models thus far, often with approximation. The purpose of this volume is to identify the outstanding issues that remain in order to come to a complete understanding of these important astrophysical events. As the book focuses on open issues rather than the current state of the art in the field OCo although the latter will certainly be discussed OCo it will remain relevant for some time.
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