Psycholinguistics – the field of science that examines the mental processes and knowledge structures involved in the acquisition, comprehension, and production of language – had a strong monolingual orientation during the first four decades following its emergence around 1950. The awareness that a large part of mankind speaks more than one language – that this may impact both on the way each individual language is used and on the thought processes of bilinguals and multilinguals, and that, consequently, our theories on human linguistic ability and its role in non-linguistic cognition are incomplete and, perhaps, false – has led to a steep growth of studies on bilingualism and multilingualism since around 1995. This textbook introduces the reader to the field of study that examines language acquisition, comprehension and production from the perspective of the bilingual and multilingual speaker. It furthermore provides an introduction to studies that investigate the implications of being bilingual on various aspects of non-linguistic cognition. The major topics covered are the development of language in children growing up in a bilingual environment either from birth or relatively soon after, late foreign language learning, and word recognition, sentence comprehension, speech production, and translation processes in bilinguals. Furthermore, the ability of bilinguals and multilinguals to generally produce language in the "intended" language is discussed, as is the cognitive machinery that enables this. Finally, the consequences of bilingualism and multilingualism for non-linguistic cognition and findings and views regarding the biological basis of bilingualism and multilingualism are presented. The textbook’s primary readership are students and researchers in Cognitive Psychology, Linguistics, and Applied Linguistics, but teachers of language and translators and interpreters who wish to become better informed on the cognitive and biological basis of bilingualism and multilingualism will also benefit from it.
Using research findings from top organizations and companies, a group of leaders and thinkers discusses the demands of today's global economy and reveals the relationship between leadership, creativity, and innovation.
The personal stories of lesser-known leaders in the civil rights movement remain unwritten. Moreover, the peculiar situation of the black middle class, which produced many of these civil rights heroes, remains largely unknown. The Reddings of Wilmington, Delaware were in many ways typical of their class in twentieth-century America. Their story is important because they were ordinary, hardworking people who strove for excellence and achieved success, and who for a moment in time, helped make a difference in their community and their country."--Jacket.
Integrate the 3Ps for a real-world, holistic approach to nursing care. This first-of-its-kind text integrates the 3 Ps—pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment—into an integrative whole that reflects the real-world of how students learn and nurses practice. This groundbreaking approach promotes a deeper understanding of these three essential and often challenging content areas, paralleling the importance of integration in the planning, delivery, and evaluation of nursing care. Its lifespan approach features six major population-based sections cover the key conditions and disorders that nurses are likely to encounter in practice, reviewing the important pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical exam and assessment information relative to each disorder. Each section concludes with a case study that presents a new disorder relative to the population in that section, reinforcing the authors’ application-focused approach and developing must-have critical-thinking skills.
Updated to keep pace with the latest data and statistics, Drugs and Society, Thirteenth Edition, contains the most current information available concerning drug use and abuse. Written in an objective and user-friendly manner, this best-selling text continues to captivate students by taking a multidisciplinary approach to the impact of drug use and abuse on the lives of average individuals.
In the dozen years since the Columbine High School shootings, school violence has fallen steadily. Yet, as Annette Fuentes visits schools across America she finds metal detectors and drug tests for aspirin, police profiling of students with no records, arbitrary expulsions, teachers carrying guns, and all-seeing electronic surveillance. Her moving stories will astonish readers, as she makes the case that our public schools reflect a society with an unhealthy fixation on crime and violence.
Elements of Argument combines a thorough argument text on critical thinking, reading, writing, and research with an extensive reader on both current and timeless controversial issues. It presents everything students need to analyze, research, and write arguments. Elements of Argument covers Toulmin, Aristotelian, and Rogerian models of argument and has been thoroughly updated with current selections students will want to read. It now includes additional support for academic writing, making it a truly flexible classroom resource. An electronic edition is available at half the price of the print book. Read the preface.
What should we do with a literary work? Is it best to become immersed in a novel or poem, or is our job to objectively dissect it? Should we consult literature as a source of knowledge or wisdom, or keenly interrogate its designs upon us? Do we excavate the text as an historical artifact, or surrender to its aesthetic qualities? Balancing foundational topics with new developments, Engagements with Close Reading offers an accessible introduction to how prominent critics have approached the task of literary reading. This book will help students learn different methods for close reading perform a close analysis of an unfamiliar text articulate meaningful responses Beginning with the New Critics and recent argument for a return to formalism, the book tracks the reactions of reader-response critics and phenomenologists, and concludes with ethical criticism’s claim for the value of literary reading to our moral lives. Rich in literary examples, most reprinted in full, each chapter models practical ways for students to debate the pros and cons of objective and subjective criticism. In the final chapter, five distinguished critics shed light on the pleasures and difficulties of close reading in their engagements with poetry and fiction. In the wake of cultural studies and historicism, Engagements with Close Reading encourages us to bring our eyes back to the words on the page, inviting students and instructors to puzzle out the motives, high stakes, limitations, and rewards of the literary encounter under the pressure of this beleaguered and persistent methodology.
The theoretical results in this monograph indicate that life provides alternative strategies to aging. The groundbreaking findings open a completely new field of research. The author gets away from the human centered vision of life showing that aging in any organism does not necessarily correspond to deterioration and senescence. The central insight of this monograph is: to deeply understand why some species age it is necessary to understand why other species do not.
An international group of authors contributed eleven articles to this edition with an interdisciplinary approach. The authors belong to different scientific fields, such as general history and sport history, sport pedagogy, library sciences, and German and American studies. They all do research on turnen and sport in Germany and the United States.
Today, there is increased emphasis on the coverage of special educational needs in initial teacher training. This comprehensive introduction begins by looking at inclusion policy and how barriers to achievement can be removed. The SEN Code of Conduct is explained and detailed guidance on Individual Education Plans (IEPs) is included. The book then goes on to give practical advice on the teaching of children with special educational needs in reading, speech and language, the autistic spectrum and behavioural, social and emotional difficulties. Finally, the book considers the wider context looking at partnerships with parents, carers and professionals in other agencies.
In Moral Education for Women in the Pastoral and Pythagorean Letters: Philosophers of the Household, Annette Bourland Huizenga examines the Greco-Roman moral-philosophical “curriculum” for women by comparing these two pseudepigraphic epistolary collections.
How Arabic influenced the evolution of vernacular literatures and anticolonial thought in Egypt, Indonesia, and Senegal Sacred Language, Vernacular Difference offers a new understanding of Arabic’s global position as the basis for comparing cultural and literary histories in countries separated by vast distances. By tracing controversies over the use of Arabic in three countries with distinct colonial legacies, Egypt, Indonesia, and Senegal, the book presents a new approach to the study of postcolonial literatures, anticolonial nationalisms, and the global circulation of pluralist ideas. Annette Damayanti Lienau presents the largely untold story of how Arabic, often understood in Africa and Asia as a language of Islamic ritual and precolonial commerce, assumed a transregional role as an anticolonial literary medium in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By examining how major writers and intellectuals across several generations grappled with the cultural asymmetries imposed by imperial Europe, Lienau shows that Arabic—as a cosmopolitan, interethnic, and interreligious language—complicated debates over questions of indigeneity, religious pluralism, counter-imperial nationalisms, and emerging nation-states. Unearthing parallels from West Africa to Southeast Asia, Sacred Language, Vernacular Difference argues that debates comparing the status of Arabic to other languages challenged not only Eurocentric but Arabocentric forms of ethnolinguistic and racial prejudice in both local and global terms.
Thoroughly revised and updated, Drugs and Society, Eleventh Edition, contains the most current information available concerning drug use and abuse. Written in an objective and user-friendly manner, this best-selling text continues to captivate students by taking a biological approach to the impact of drug use and abuse on the lives of ordinary people. The Eleventh Edition incorporates the authors’ combined expertise in pharmacology, drug abuse, and sociology and extensive experience in research, teaching, drug policy-making, and drug policy implementation and includes hundreds of new citations that reflect the current state of drug abuse issues and the rapidly changing issues of substance abuse/addiction.
The purpose of DNA Sequencing Protocols is to provide detailed practical procedures for the widest range of DNA sequencing meth ods, and we believe that all the vanguard techniques now being applied in this fast-evolving field are comprehensively covered. Sequencing technology has advanced at a phenomenal rate since the original methods were first described in the late 1970s and there is now a huge variety of strategies and methods that can be employed to determine the sequence of any DNA of interest. More recently, a large number of new and innovative sequencing techniques have been developed, including the use of such novel polymerases as Tag poly merase and Sequenase, the harnessing of PCR technology for linear amplification (cycle) sequencing, and the advent of automated DNA sequencers. DNA sequencing is surely one of the most important techniques in the molecular biology laboratory. Sequence analysis is providing an increasingly useful approach to the characterization of biological systems, and major multinational projects are already underway to map and sequence the entire genome of organisms, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Homo sapiens. Most scientists recognize the importance of DNA sequence data and perceive DNA sequencing as a valuable and indispensable aspect of their work. Recent technological advances, especially in the area of automated sequencing, have removed much of the drudg ery that was formerly associated with the technique, whereas innova tive computer software has greatly simplified the analysis and manipulation of sequence data.
The Structure of Argument covers critical thinking, reading, writing, and research. It is concise but thorough and presents everything students need in an affordable, compact format. The Structure of Argument includes questions, exercises, and writing assignments, and a full semester’s worth of readings. Now presenting Aristotelian and Rogerian as well as Toulmin argument, it includes many fresh readings and additional support for academic writing to help students stake their claim. Its emphasis on Toulmin argument makes Structure highly teachable, since the approach fits with the goals of the composition course. An electronic edition is available at half the price of the print book.
If you are a primary trainee, or are training to support children in primary schools, this is your guide to working with children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND). We begin by exploring what is meant by SEND in primary schools and go on to cover all you need to know about your statutory responsibilities in school. Current legislation and the Code of Conduct are covered, to give you lots of information about the content you will be working in. The book then examines the range of needs you will encounter in primary schools giving you details information and practical advice. This second edition has been fully restructured and updated to include a new section on the key theory relating to SEND. Exploring theories and theorist that you will need to know about to fully understand how to support children. Also new for this edition is a chapter focusing on the role of the SENCO in the primary school. Finally, the book includes more practical support to help you in the classroom. Checklists to help you to work comprehensively and information about useful resources and outside agencies.
Written by a renowned expert in plant disease and nutrition, this popular guide has been featured on TV and reviewed in 15 publications on 3 continents. With sales to professional growers and home gardeners in 82 countries, How to Grow Juicy Tasty Tomatoes has been enthusiastically praised as the most comprehensive guide to growing tomatoes ever produced. This tomato-growing handbook is jam-packed full of useful advice, history and plant facts including:¿Comprehensive recommendations for soil preparation, staking, pruning and watering¿260 pictorial and descriptive aids for diagnosing and controlling nutritional, disease and pest issues¿Growing advice for traditional and organic methods in the garden, pots or a greenhouse¿Advice for harvesting, storage and seed saving¿A glossary of Tomato Terms¿Bonus Tomato Diary, Disease Ready Reckoner and Conversion Charts for measurements¿The Tomato Varieties Database - a CD containing photos, cultivation and usage notes, and seed sources for over 1300 varietiesThe book derives its user friendly, yet informational tone from the combined talents of authors Welsford and Grimmer. Grimmer is a renowned Plant Pathologist who provides plant nutrition and disease control advice to professional growers and horticulturists. She contributes the wide breadth of scientific knowledge and data. Welsford ensures that Grimmer¿s science based advice is easily digestible for the average home grower. A tomato grower may very well be buried in fruit after following advice in the book, and indeed many purchasers from around the world have sent emails testifying to this.
Published in 1979, Gilbert and Gubar's The Madwoman in the Atticwas hailed as a pathbreaking work of criticism. This thirtieth-anniversary collection adds both valuable reassessments and new readings and analyses. The authors take as their subjects specific nineteenth- and twentieth-century women writers, the state of feminist theory and pedagogy, genre studies, film, race, and postcolonialism, with approaches ranging from ecofeminism to psychoanalysis.
My Life in the Maine Woods recounts Annette Jackson’s North Woods experiences during the 1930s when she, her husband and their children lived in a small cabin on the shore of Umsaskis Lake. Jackson, an avid sportswoman and nature lover, writes of hunting, fishing, campfire cooking, and the sounds of the wilderness through the seasons. She visits trappers and woodsmen, and tells what it’s like to sleep on a bed of pine boughs under the stars that shine on the legendary Allagash.
This timely book provides a starting point for critical analysis and discourse about the status of gendered perspectives in environmental education research. Through bringing together selected writings of Annette Gough, it documents the evolving discussions of gender in environmental education research since the mid-1990s, from its origins in putting women on the agenda through to women’s relationships with nature and ecofeminism, as well as writings that engage with queer theory, intersectionality, assemblages, new materialisms, posthumanism and the more-than-human. The book is both a collection of Annette Gough, and her collaborators, writings around these themes and her reflections on the transitions that have occurred in the field of environmental education related to gender since the late 1980s, as well as her deliberations on future directions. An important new addition to the World Library of Educationalists, this book foregrounds women, their environmental perspectives, and feminist and other gendered research, which have been marginalised for too long in environmental education.
From his earliest shorts to his recent feature films The Departed and Shutter Island, this book offers an in-depth analysis of the deepest archetypal themes, symbols, and structures in Martin Scorsese's entire body of work. It examines each of Scorsese's films as a mythological journey through which the main character is offered an opportunity for psychological and spiritual enlightenment, focusing especially on how each character is led to recognize, accept, and embrace his or her flawed traits. The book also explores the ways in which Scorsese's films incite extreme reactions and strike deep chords within his viewers, particularly by speaking the language of the unconscious and forcing readers to examine their own hidden flaws.
Moving four hours away from her hometown was hard. Leaving her best friend behind was harder. Seventeen year old Liz Gardner had no choice but to follow her parents and move into a new home, in a whole new city. While trying to adapt and make new friends, Liz began experiencing life changing events. She quickly realized that it was her thought that made the light bulbs shatter and her temper that made the doors slam. After her discovery, Liz and her new friends worked on controlling and manipulating her extraordinary talent. As Liz embraced her gift of telekinesis, a horrifying family secret fell on Liz’s lap. Liz used her powers to unravel mysterious links that may have been the foundation to her new ability.
A personal approach to Dickens's art that pays attention to what magnetizes Federico or strikes her as newly relevant to our own world, and to her life, as she explores what Dickens' works are emotionally about. Dickens's first concern in all his fiction is with people's feelings and their imaginations. Everything else--the social criticism, the satire, the comedy--flows from that spring. How does a person begin to imagine, to enter vividly into the life he or she has been given, and into the lives of others? How does someone change, how do they love, give their trust, look forward to the future? These questions make their way into all of Dickens's novels, including the four discussed in this contribution to the My Reading series: Oliver Twist (1837-39), David Copperfield (1849-50), Little Dorrit (1855-57), and A Tale of Two Cities (1859). Consistent with the aims of the series, this book takes a personal approach to Dickens's art. Federico follows her own responses, paying attention to what magnetizes her or strikes her as newly relevant to our own world, and to her life. What is the story emotionally about? This becomes the important question as she reads through Dickens's works. It is the question that opens the door to her own memories, her own stories, as she grows from being an innocent reader of Dickens to a more critical, professionalized one--while still listening confidentially to what Dickens has to teach her about hope, love, and the limits of knowledge.
After the Civil War, African Americans throughout Suffolk and Nansemond County fought against injustice by demanding equality before the law, the right to vote, and equal access to schools, employment, and professions. Because of their tolerance and sense of fortitude, they were able to own land and businesses and to establish churches, schools, and social organizations that paved the way for generations to come.
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. This influential volume of papers, chosen by Professor Annette Karmiloff-Smith before she passed away, recognises her major contribution to the field of developmental psychology. Published over a 40-year period, the papers included here address the major themes that permeate through Annette’s work: from typical to atypical development, genetics and computation modelling approaches, and neuroimaging of the developing brain. A newly written introduction by Michael S. C. Thomas and Mark H. Johnson gives an overview of her research journey and contextualises her selection of papers in relation to changes in the field over time. Thinking Developmentally from Constructivism to Neuroconstructivism: Selected Works of Annette Karmiloff-Smith is of great interest to researchers and postgraduates in child development specialising in atypical development, developmental disorders, and developmental neuroscience. It also has appeal to clinical neuropsychologists and rehabilitation professionals.
This volume examines how effective instructional leadership by principals and other school administrators is affected by their own knowledge and beliefs about learning, teaching, and subject matter. Using mathematics as a subject focus, the authors examine several specific aspects of instructional leadership, such as teacher supervision and classroom observation, curriculum selection, and student assessment. Nelson and Sassi provide detailed portraits of administrators at work, illuminating key decision-making situations and the actions they choose to take. This important volume looks at a new image of the school principal, one that is tied more closely to learning and teaching.The authors discuss and offer important implications for mathematics education, educational policy, and school improvement.
The 10 volumes of The Young Oxford History of African Americans describe how black Americans shaped and changed the history of this nation. Starting in 1502, more than a century before the day in 1619 when 19 Africans stepped off a Dutch ship in Jamestown, Virginia, the series ends with the relationship between West Indian immigrants and African Americans in large cities like New York in the late 20th century. This ready reference provides the perfect ending to a comprehensive history of African Americans. Included are the master index for the series and an extensive list of historic sites and museums related to the history of African Americans. The bulk of the volume, however, contains the personal histories of many of the people who appear in the previous 10 volumes. Each biography takes a close look at the famous and the lesser-known, revealing the backgrounds, experiences, and contributions of African Americans who were involved in the key events in American history. In addition to well-known facts, the biographies include much here that will surprise and fascinate readers. Muhammad Ali's brash and playful public persona earned him the nickname the "Louisville Lip"; Bill Cosby got his start while working in a Philadelphia coffee-house; and Madam C. J. Walker owned a mail-order and beauty school company that became one of the most profitable independently-owned businesses in the country around 1910. The portraits are as varied as the history itself, setting former slaves next to committed civil rights workers, prize-winning poets next to successful politicians. Volume 11 of The Young Oxford History of African Americans completes the fascinating and compelling story of nearly five centuries of African-American history. It is an exceptional resource for young adults and all who value the remarkable accomplishments of African Americans.
Taking a stand midway between Piaget's constructivism and Fodor's nativism, Annette Karmiloff-Smith offers an exciting new theory of developmental change that embraces both approaches. She shows how each can enrich the other and how both are necessary to a fundamental theory of human cognition. Karmiloff-Smith shifts the focus from what cognitive science can offer the study of development to what a developmental perspective can offer cognitive science. In Beyond Modularity she treats cognitive development as a serious theoretical tool, presenting a coherent portrait of the flexibility and creativity of the human mind as it develops from infancy to middle childhood. Language, physics, mathematics, commonsense psychology, drawing, and writing are explored in terms of the relationship between the innate capacities of the human mind and subsequent representational change which allows for such flexibility and creativity. Karmiloff-Smith also takes up the issue of the extent to which development involves domain-specific versus domain-general processes. She concludes with discussions of nativism and domain specificity in relation to Piagetian theory and connectionism, and shows how a developmental perspective can pinpoint what is missing from connectionist models of the mind.
The Thought at the Back of the Mind is a plea for the centrality of the humanities as a vehicle of knowledge about ourselves and about the reality around us. It illustrates the interpretative arts through Aronowicz’s close reading of Charles Péguy, Don DeLillo, Bernard d’Espagnat, Wysława Szymborska, and Marilynne Robinson. Each author exhibits a complex relationship to the narratives emanating from the sciences—wonder, terror, appreciation, resistance. All, in different ways, point to a dimension of the human that cannot be captured through “the scientific method.” For the most part, they make their points not through abstract argument but through an exploration of daily life. Each writer gives pride of place to metaphor, humor, and/or intuition as indispensable conduits to the reality within and without us. The Thought at the Back of the Mind explores the religious dimension embedded in the narratives emanating from the natural sciences as well as in the quest to formulate what eludes them. These two contrary dimensions of our relation to the sciences, in their various configurations, reveal us to ourselves in our historical moment.
From the late-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century juvenile reformatories served as citizen-building institutions and a political tool of state racism in post-emancipation America. New South advocates cemented their regional affiliation by using these reformatories to showcase mercies which were racialized, gendered, and linked to sexuality. Southern Mercy uses four historical examples of juvenile reformatories in North Carolina to explore how spectacles of mercy have influenced Southern modernity. Working through archival material pertaining to race and moral uplift, including rare photos from the private archives of Samarcand Manor (the State Home and Industrial Manor for Girls) and restricted archival records of reformatory racial policies, Annette Bickford examines the limits of emancipation, and the exclusions inherent in liberal humanism that distinguish racism in the contemporary "post-race" era.
Two hundred years ago, the people of Hamilton harnessed the power of the Ipswich River to operate their mills and relied on Chebacco Lake for food and trade. Originally part of the town of Ipswich, Hamilton became a town in 1793. Many years later, it was a fashionable summer retreat for wealthy Bostonians. Hamilton takes the reader on a journey through time to see how life was in a small rural town, located between Salem and Ipswich. Within these pages, see the summer home of Gen. George S. Patton, a World War II hero of mythic proportion; the resting place of a sagamore with a macabre history; and the home of Manassah Cutler, a Congregational minister and an agent of the Ohio company that helped to open up the Northwest Territory. In Hamilton, take a tour of a unique religious camping ground; learn about the Myopia Hunt Club, which occasionally still rides to hounds; and see an ancient Native American trail turned highway.
A companion to Rubinstein's celebrated study of English literature, American Literature Root and Flower examines the lives and works of over fifty important American novelists, poets, and dramatists. This two-volume study is one of remarkable scope, ranging from Hawthorne to the Harlem Renaissance, from Poe to Pynchon. It illuminates the relationship between the producers of American literature and their ever-changing social and political contexts, while emphasizing the current of critique and resistance that runs through the entire tradition. Monthly Review Press is proud to present the first-ever U.S. printing of this valuable and enlightening work.
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