This study has shown that higher levels of carbon supported greater biofilm growth and planktonic populations on the materials that were tested, although the effect was most pronounced on iron pipe. Utilities with significant amounts of iron pipe in their distribution systems may be faced with the greatest regrowth potential. For utilities that also distribute water that is high in natural carbon, this problem may be compounded. Therefore, reducing the organic carbon in the finished water may be effective for any utility wishing to reduce regrowth problems in their distribution system. Other alternatives for utilities wishing to reduce biofilms in the distribution system can include any or all of the following: replacing or relining iron pipe in the system, increasing disinfectant, and implementing effective corrosion control. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003
The concept of vesicular traffic as a means of protein transport in and out of cells and between membrane compartments has been established since the 1960s. Its basic principles are beautifully simple, yet the details of protein transport are complex enough to find novel classes of transport vesicles, and trafficking itineraries still being described to date. In this treatise, the reader will be introduced to mechanisms of vesicle sculpting, cargo selection, vesicle targeting, and vesicle consumption that have emerged as common characteristics of multiple transport steps in the exocytic and endocytic pathways. These fundamentals also reveal the basis for the specificity and selectivity of individual transport steps. We will further discuss how protein transport might lead to the establishment and maintenance of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. The concepts for these mechanisms are based on experimental evidence combined with mathematical modeling that can disclose the minimal requirements for the generation of the distinct membrane compartments. Table of Contents: Compartmentalization Is a Hallmark of Eukaryotic Cells / Organelles Can Be Classified Based on Their Origin / There Are Multiple Entry Points Into the Endomembrane System and a Network of Connecting Trafficking Routes / There Are Exceptions and Extensions to the Classic Trafficking Itineraries / A Mathematical Model Can Explain How Organelle Size Is Established and Maintained / Coats and SNAREs Constitute the Core Machinery for Vesicle Budding and Fusion / A Mathematical Model Explains How Coats and SNAREs Are Sufficient to Generate Organelle Identity / How Vesicle Formation Is Linked to Cargo Incorporation / RabGTPases Are the Master Regulators of Vesicular Traffic / The Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Endocytosis / Models for Protein Transport in the Golgi Apparatus / Summary / Acknowledgments / References / Author Biography
Talking to the dead and communication with 'the other side' is often presented as a taboo in an increasingly technological and medically advanced world. However, practices of spiritualism and mediumship continue to remain popular and in high demand within contemporary Western societies. This book analyses the practices of today’s mediums, who insist on standing at the threshold between life and death, interpreting signs and passing on communications, and asks how such concepts and practices are perceived by contemporary society. Using first-hand material gathered from alternative fairs, mediumistic congresses, séances, and interviews with both practitioners and clients, as well as thorough textual analysis, Anne Kalvig provides a clear overview of the various forms of consumption of mediumship in Western society and places these within a socio-cultural, religious and historical context. She also raises questions as to the controversies surrounding spiritualism and its representation and relationship with popular culture and the media. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of sociology, religious studies, folklore, media studies and anthropology as well as to anyone interested in the upsurge of contemporary spiritualism, psychic phenomena and the paranormal.
In Brexit, Facebook, and Transnational Right-Wing Populism, Natalie-Anne Hall takes Brexit as a case study for examining the critical consequences of the diffusion of transnational right-wing populist politics on social media. Through multi-method, qualitative research with avidly engaged pro-Brexit Facebook users in the tumultuous post-referendum period, Hall explores the effects of this participation on the on- and offline experiences of these individuals and on their interpretation of events surrounding Brexit. The book examines the socio-political and technological opportunities for this engagement with right-wing populist politics and the consequences of this engagement for transnational White victimhood and what Hall coins “Right victimhood.” Hall demonstrates how the “mainstream” political issue of Brexit acted as a catalyst for engagement with more extreme forms of right-wing politics via Facebook.
Data and Society: A Critical Introduction investigates the growing importance of data as a technological, social, economic and scientific resource. It explains how data practices have come to underpin all aspects of human life and explores what this means for those directly involved in handling data. The book fosters informed debate over the role of data in contemporary society explains the significance of data as evidence beyond the "Big Data" hype spans the technical, sociological, philosophical and ethical dimensions of data provides guidance on how to use data responsibly includes data stories that provide concrete cases and discussion questions. Grounded in examples spanning genetics, sport and digital innovation, this book fosters insight into the deep interrelations between technical, social and ethical aspects of data work.
This book addresses the socio-technical constitution of civic communication in increasingly digital democracies. Despite problematic phenomena like hate speech in online commenting, it argues that citizens’ potential for resisting technological inscriptions in digital media remains a fundamental democratic right. While producers inscribe anticipations for how people should be discussing political issues into commenting interfaces, citizens still resist these technological inscriptions in their commenting practices. This dialectic interrelation between interfaces and practices highlights the inadequacy of purely technological solutions for undemocratic tendencies in digital media.
The ultimate compendium for any Norwegian mitten enthusiast, this gorgeous and inspiring resource was produced in conjunction with a one-of-a-kind exhibition of gloves and mittens from Selbu at the Sverresborg Trøndelag Folkemuseum. A thoroughly researched and illustrated account of the rich history of Selbu patterning—instantly recognizable for its dramatic contrasts and intricate motifs—covers the development of the designs themselves, and the essential role these knitted accessories have played in the cultural and economic development of the Selbu region. Then, dive into pages upon pages of over 500 colorwork charts, organized according to the source of their inspiration, from classic stars, snowflakes, and flowers to elk, spiders, and coffee beans. Complete patterns are included for 35 mittens and gloves from the original museum collection, accompanied by short biographies of the original designers—or choose from an overflowing selection of motifs for palms, thumbs, cuffs, and even patterned edging techniques for joining around the hand, to create endlessly fascinating combinations.
Skills, Creativity and Innovation in the Digital Platform Era: Analyzing the New Reality of Professions and Entrepreneurship brings together two important areas: the separate research topics of professions, platforms, and entrepreneurship, and the various dimensions of what platformization means to work and to professions in contemporary societies. One of the most noteworthy global aspects in current societies is the intensifying presence of technology, to the extent that we can talk about the omnipotence of technologies, a kind of technological imperative that prevails in societies. This new type of technological imperative emerges in the working lives of practicing professionals from medical doctors to lawyers and from teachers to preachers. Platforms have become a powerful actor as enablers and reorganizers of work, creating new types of inequalities but also expanding the market relations for new professions such as social influencers. How do platforms govern and shape work and lead to new questions concerning organizing of work and professions? These are few of the key questions Poutanen and Kovalainen explore in this profound and insightful book.
An instructional guide for beginning and intermediate tennis players which provides a unique self-directed method for learning tennis skills and strategies and demonstrates that anyone, regardless of experience and ability, can have fun and keep fit by playing tennis. The author, master coach and teacher, gives you all the information and time-tested guidance you need with numerous photographs which illustrate examples of the correct grips, stances, and strokes.
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