The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of sugar and CO2 contents on the sensory and physicochemical properties of mint-flavored carbonated beverages, combining sensory and instrumental dynamic methods. Sensory results revealed that the presence of CO2 increased aroma perception regardless of the sugar content. In agreement with volatility parameters, in vivo measurements showed that carbonated drinks released more aroma compounds in the nose space than non-carbonated ones. Sugar content increased aroma perception only in the case of non-carbonated beverages, highlighting the existence of sensory interactions between sweet and aroma perceptions. For carbonated beverages, sugar content had an impact on aroma release, but not on aroma perception.
An integrated approach combining sensory analysis and physicochemistry was used to investigate the impact of swallowing on aroma release and perception. A panel of 10 people evaluated the dynamics of aroma perception during the consumption of a commercial flavored vodka, using two protocols (spitting out or swallowing the product) and the temporal dominance of sensations method. Aroma release in their nasal cavity was simultaneously measured by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. The swallowing of the product resulted in more complex perceptions, but decreased the dominance rates of aromatic attributes. Ethanol perception also had a high impact when the product was swallowed.
Art of Darkness is an ambitious attempt to describe the principles governing Gothic literature. Ranging across five centuries of fiction, drama, and verse—including tales as diverse as Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto, Shelley's Frankenstein, Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and Freud's The Mysteries of Enlightenment—Anne Williams proposes three new premises: that Gothic is "poetic," not novelistic, in nature; that there are two parallel Gothic traditions, Male and Female; and that the Gothic and the Romantic represent a single literary tradition. Building on the psychoanalytic and feminist theory of Julia Kristeva, Williams argues that Gothic conventions such as the haunted castle and the family curse signify the fall of the patriarchal family; Gothic is therefore "poetic" in Kristeva's sense because it reveals those "others" most often identified with the female. Williams identifies distinct Male and Female Gothic traditions: In the Male plot, the protagonist faces a cruel, violent, and supernatural world, without hope of salvation. The Female plot, by contrast, asserts the power of the mind to comprehend a world which, though mysterious, is ultimately sensible. By showing how Coleridge and Keats used both Male and Female Gothic, Williams challenges accepted notions about gender and authorship among the Romantics. Lucidly and gracefully written, Art of Darkness alters our understanding of the Gothic tradition, of Romanticism, and of the relations between gender and genre in literary history.
Yogurt is a fermented food that has existed for centuries with bioactive properties that have long been thought to be beneficial to health. The first commercial yogurts, sold over a hundred years ago in pharmacies, were recommended to treat digestive disorders. Yogurt: Roles in Nutrition and Impacts on Health compiles the scientific research to date into a comprehensive reference book that explores yogurt's role in diet and health, its composition in micro- and macronutrients, and the potential mechanisms underlying its health benefits. Yogurt’s composition as a unique blend of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and ferments makes yogurt a nutrient-dense food that is included by health authorities in food-based dietary guidelines. This book shows how regular yogurt consumption contributes to the intake of key nutrients, such as calcium and protein, and is associated with healthy dietary patterns and lifestyles. The authors review the current evidence linking yogurt consumption to cardiometabolic health and other health conditions, including its established benefits in lactose digestion, its promising role in the prevention of weight management and type 2 diabetes, and its potential impact on cardiometabolic risk factors. This reference book is a key resource for nutrition scientists, dairy researchers, dietitians, health professionals, and educational institutions looking for a state-of-the-art review of the scientific evidence on the role of yogurt in nutrition and health.
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