Screening programmes involve the systematic offer of testing for populations or groups of apparently healthy people to identify individuals who may be at future risk of a particular medical condition or disease, with the aim of offering intervention to reduce their risk. For many years, screening was practised without debate, and without evidence, but in the 1960s serious challenges were raised about many of the screening procedures then being practised. Benefits and harms of screening must be measured in high quality trials, and the benefits of screening must be weighed alongside the negative side-effects. Concerns were raised about potential and actual harm arising when people without a health problem received dangerous and unnecessary investigations and treatments as a result of routine screening tests. Controversy raged, and it took some 50 years to achieve widespread recognition that evidence-based and quality assured programme delivery was essential, coupled with provision of balanced informed to enable informed choice for potential participants. Commercially motivated provision of poor quality and non-evidence based screening tests is increasing and screening remains a highly contested topic that has relevance in all health systems including for the general public and media. This book serves as a practical and comprehensive guide to all aspects of screening. Following the international success of the first edition, this second edition brings extensive updates and new case study material. The first section deals with concepts, methods, and evidence, charts the story of screening back to 1861, and covers all aspects of a screening programme and how to research the full consequences. The second section is a practical guide to sound policy-making and to high quality delivery of best value screening. The controversies, paradoxes, uncertainties, and ethical dilemmas of screening are explained, and each chapter is packed with examples, real-life case histories, helpful summary points, and self-test questions. Reference is made to the NHS, a leader in screening, but the primary focus is on universal principles, making the book highly relevant across the globe.
A feminist silkscreen poster collective founded in London in 1974 by three former art students, the See Red Women's Workshop grew out of a shared desire to combat sexist images of women and to create positive and challenging alternatives. Women from different backgrounds came together to make posters and calendars that tackled issues of sexuality, identity and oppression. With humor and bold, colorful graphics, See Red expressed the personal experiences of women as well as their role in wider struggles for change.
Matt and Lily Barclay live in the Fife village of Pennyglen, with their children, Janet, Meg, Ellen and Willie, whilst the local 'big house', Pitlady, is home to Mr and Mrs Grierson and their son Colin. Before her marriage Lily had been lady's maid to Mrs Grierson's sister Lucille, who now lived in America. As the children grow older, Colin and Willie become friends, and the lives of the two families become linked once again. The Barclay girls are beginning to spread their wings and look for employment, when Meg overhears something which changes her life...
Celebrating the life and achievements of the legendary superstar, a fascinating glimpse into the world of Cher, filled with stunning photos and interesting sidebars, covers every aspect of this amazing woman, including her music, movies, live performances, boyfriends, fashion, and awards. Original.
Bringing together some of the most important poetic texts of the Anglo-Saxon period, Anne Klinck presents the poems both as discrete entities and as members of an elegiac group, all inspired by the sense of separation from one's desire that is at the hear
Using a balanced approach, Social Psychology, 2e connects social psychology theories, research methods, and basic findings to real-world applications with a current-events emphasis. Coverage of culture and diversity is integrated into every chapter in addition to strong representation throughout of regionally relevant topics such as: Indigenous perspectives; environmental psychology and conservation; community psychology; gender identity; and attraction and close relationships (including same-sex marriage in different cultures, gendered behaviours when dating, and updated data on online dating), making this visually engaging textbook useful for all social psychology students.
Although mercers have long been recognised as one of the most influential trades in medieval London, this is the first book to offer a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the trade from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. The variety of mercery goods (linen, silk, worsted and small manufactured items including what is now called haberdashery) gave the mercers of London an edge over all competitors. The sources and production of all these commodities is traced throughout the period covered. It was as the major importers and distributors of linen in England that London mercers were able to take control of the Merchant Adventurers and the export of English cloth to the Low Countries. The development of the Adventurers' Company and its domination by London mercers is described from its first privileges of 1296 to after the fall of Antwerp. This book investigates the earliest itinerant mercers and the artisans who made and sold mercery goods (such as the silkwomen of London, so often mercers' wives), and their origins in counties like Norfolk, the source of linen and worsted. These diverse traders were united by the neighbourhood of the London Mercery on Cheapside and by their need for the privileges of the freedom of London. Extensive use of Netherlandish and French sources puts the London Mercery into the context of European Trade, and literary texts add a more personal image of the merchant and his preoccupation with his social status which rose from that of the despised pedlar to the advisor of princes. After a slow start, the Mercers' Company came to include some of the wealthiest and most powerful men of London and administer a wide range of charitable estates such as that of Richard Whittington. The story of how they survived the vicissitudes inflicted by the wars and religious changes of the sixteenth century concludes this fascinating and wide-ranging study.
The early medieval crannog in Loch Glashan was excavated in 1960 by Jack Scott, in advance of dam construction. The crannog produced a rich organic assemblage of wood and leather objects, as well as exotic items such as continental imported pottery and a brooch studded with amber. This title examines all the evidence from the crannog.
I was inspired to compile this book after I saw a beautifully presented book of wedding photos and stories gathered by the Peachester Historical Society. I decided to collect wedding photos of brides or couples who were either born in Hughenden, married, or had been living and working in the Hughenden area up until December 1960. The photographs show the fashions of the time, gradually changing until the Second World War, when in some cases brides were married in street clothes. The weddings had to be arranged around the time the groom could obtain leave, and the wedding party could acquire enough petrol coupons to travel. Mary Sladden remembers having to save up her food coupons and swap them for clothing coupons so that she could buy her dress and shoes. Colleen Murdoch's sister Eileen was an excellent sewer, so she made most of the wedding dresses and head gear for her seven sisters. Likewise, Molly Horton sewed for all her daughters and made their dresses for the big day. Most of the brides chose to be married in their local church. Some of them travelled to Townsville. In the early part of the 20th century, many of the receptions were held at the home of either the bride or groom, or relations offered their house. Some of the weddings were held at their station homesteads. There were quite a few double weddings, which would have kept expenses down. Some of the brides wore a family heirloom. The Lethbridge girls wore a beautiful bridal veil made of Brussels lace that had been sent out from England for the wedding of Ella Minter to Robert Lethbridge in 1863. The Greer girls wore a brooch of pearls and rubies that had been handed down several generations.
Using detailed case studies, Beyond Deviant Damsels undermines many of the conventional assumptions about how women committed crime in the nineteenth century. Previous historical accounts generally constructed gendered stereotypes of women acting in self-defence, being lesser accomplices to male criminals, committing crimes that require little or no physical effort, or pursuing supposedly 'female' goals (such as material acquisition). This study counters these gendered assumptions by examining instances where women tested society's boundaries through their own actions, ultimately presenting women as far more like men in their capacity and execution of criminal behaviour. The book shows examples where women acted far beyond these stereotypes, and showcases the existence of cultural discussion of open-ended female misbehaviour in Victorian Britain - leading us to question the very role of stereotyping in the history of criminality. These individual challenges to a supposed gendered status quo in Victorian Britain did not produce spontaneous outrage, nor were attempts at controlling and eradicating such behaviour coherent or successful. As such Victorian society's treatment of women emerges as uncertain and confused as much as it was determinedly moralistic. From this, Beyond Deviant Damsels seeks to re-evaluate our twenty-first-century perception of female criminals, by indicating that historiography may have been responsible for limiting the picture of Victorian female criminality and behaviour from that time until the present.
Genetic science has advanced rapidly in recent years; things happen now that might have seemed like science fiction only ten years ago. Genetics and Society looks at the history of this science and the wide-ranging impact it has had on contemporary society. Using fascinating and cutting-edge examples throughout, Anne Kerr examines topics as diverse as: the institutional structures that have grown up around the diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders the media representation of genetic debates from designer babies to the genetic sources of alcoholism the politics of genetic decision-making and the state regulation of both genetic research and the biomedicine industry. Each chapter begins with a summary and a definition of key terms and ends with annotated notes on further reading, meaning that it is as accessible for the layman as it is for the scientist. The resulting student-friendly text will be essential reading for anybody with an interest in genetic science and the impact it is having on society.
He buried his victim alive. And now he's escaped from prison and is on the run in the city. Fiona Henderson, the daughter of the victim, has descended into a world of silence following her mother's murder - and has suddenly gone missing. Next, the body of a homeless person is found among the rubbish in a deserted alleyway. As DIs Wheeler and Ross investigate, more suspicious deaths occur and a pattern emerges: the victims are all homeless. And so the police are pitched against a killer who is hellbent on a mission to rid the streets of the vulnerable and dispossessed. With their investigation taking them further into Glasgow's netherworld, Wheeler and Ross uncover a criminal class ruthlessly willing to exploit the disaffected and a city of double standards, where morality is bought and sold. When the killer begins stalking DI Wheeler, she and Ross realise that the threat has become personal. Praise for Anne Randall: 'Brilliant' The Sun 'Assured and clever' Daily Mail
From reviews of the previous edition: ‘Provides a wealth of information ... graphically illustrates the need for practitioners to be thoroughly knowledgeable.’ Toni Belfield, Director of Information, Family Planning Association. The world’s population is increasing dramatically. At levels over 7 billion, rising annually by over 83 million (with births outstripping deaths by a factor of c. 2.4) the toll this imbalance takes on the environment, developing economies and resources (healthcare, education, rates of poverty) and the lives of women in the poorer parts of the world is increasingly unsustainable. Even in the developed world there is still an unacceptably high rate of unplanned pregnancies, demonstrating that appropriate education at both local and global levels about the full range of available contraception is essential. Using a highly accessible question-and-answer format, John Guillebaud and Anne MacGregor seek to ensure everything needed for good family planning practice is here in this book. Now in its seventh edition and online via ExpertConsult, Contraception: Your Questions Answered remains the market-leading, one-stop resource for family planning professionals worldwide. Question and answer format Important information boxes Unwanted side effects boxes Frequent patient questions at the end of relevant chapters Management advice Follow-up advice Intermittent quizzes for CPD portfolio purposes Now on ExpertConsult
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