Demonstrates how the emergence of private property and a market economy after the Soviet Union's collapse enabled a degree of freedom while simultaneously supporting authoritarianism.
Diffusion of Innovative Energy Services: Consumers' Acceptance and Willingness to Pay consolidates research in the diffusion, adoption and acceptance of Innovative energy services (IES), including dynamic green electricity tariffs, small-scale energy generators, and smart metering information systems among residential electricity consumers. The book addresses consumer awareness, acceptance and engagement towards smart technologies, focusing on the 'willingness to pay' for IES. Chapters address findings from field experiments, pilot programs and simulation methods such as agent-based modeling. Case studies involve various countries and continents, with a focus on modern, pro-environmental and sustainable economies, where IES are offered. Policy recommendations, tools and interventions as well as behavioral strategies conclude the work. - Consolidates and integrates key findings across economic, behavioral and social elements of IES diffusion - Addresses the economic appraisal of IES, covering consumers' willingness to pay and the intention-behavior gap phenomenon - Reviews current literature regarding consumers' acceptance and engagement towards IES based on filed experiments, pilot programs, modelling and simulation - Provides policy recommendations, marketing tools and interventions as well as the behavioral strategies necessary to enhance IES market position alongside climate policy goals
This book explores the links between different corporate governance systems and their impact on economic development. It focuses on how institutional reforms, legislative changes and codified measures have influenced performance at the firm and country level. Drawing on detailed cases from the UK, USA, China, India, Poland, Brazil, Russia and South Africa, this book takes a truly international and comparative approach to understanding the relationship between regulatory frameworks and economic development. This will be a valuable text for students and researchers of economic development, corporate governance, international political economy, and economic and business history.
This book is designed as an advanced undergraduate or a first-year graduate course for students from various disciplines like applied mathematics, physics, engineering. It has evolved while teaching courses on partial differential equations during the last decade at the Politecnico of Milan. The main purpose of these courses was twofold: on the one hand, to train the students to appreciate the interplay between theory and modelling in problems arising in the applied sciences and on the other hand to give them a solid background for numerical methods, such as finite differences and finite elements.
A novel explanation for state prison privatization: that they do so to limit legal and political accountability for inmate lawsuits. One of the most controversial developments in the American criminal justice in the last few decades has been the development of the modern private prison industry. While there are many explanations proffered for the adoption of this policy--including partisanship, economic stress, unionization, and lobbying efforts by private prison firms--none fully explain why states privatize their prisons. In Captive Market, Anna Gunderson proposes a novel explanation for why states adopt this policy. She shows that states privatize prisons to limit legal and political accountability for inmate lawsuits, an unintended consequence of the legal rights revolution for prisoners. Evidence from an original dataset and interviews with private prison companies, government officials, and advocacy groups suggest that growing prisoner lawsuits are a significant driver of prison privatization in the United States. With over 160,000 inmates currently held in private facilities across the country, it is vital to understand the causes of this rise and the nuances of private prison policy, one with significant consequences for the American criminal legal system. An eye-opening account of an industry that many are aware of but few know much about, this book will reshape our understanding of the fundamental nature of the American carceral state.
Boundary element methods relate to a wide range of engineering applications, including fluid flow, fracture analysis, geomechanics, elasticity, and heat transfer. Thus, new results in the field hold great importance not only to researchers in mathematics, but to applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers. A two-day minisymposium Mathematical Aspects of Boundary Element Methods at the IABEM conference in May 1998 brought together top rate researchers from around the world, including Vladimir Maz’ya, to whom the conference was dedicated. Focusing on the mathematical and numerical analysis of boundary integral operators, this volume presents 25 papers contributed to the symposium. Mathematical Aspects of Boundary Element Methods provides up-to-date research results from the point of view of both mathematics and engineering. The authors detail new results, such as on nonsmooth boundaries, and new methods, including domain decomposition and parallelization, preconditioned iterative techniques, multipole expansions, higher order boundary elements, and approximate approximations. Together they illustrate the connections between the modeling of applied problems, the derivation and analysis of corresponding boundary integral equations, and their efficient numerical solutions.
This is a collectively written, inter-disciplinary, thematic cross-national study which combines conceptual, theoretical, empirical and policy material in an ambitious and innovative way to explore a key concept in contemporary European political, policy and academic debates. The first part of the book clarifies the various ways that the concept of citizenship has developed historically and is understood today in a range of Western European welfare states. It elaborates on the contemporary framing of debates and struggles around citizenship. This provides a framework for three policy studies, looking at: migration and multiculturalism; the care of young children; and home-based childcare and transnational dynamics. The book is unusual in weaving together the topics of migration and childcare and in studying these issues together within a gendered citizenship framework. It also demonstrates the value of a multi-level conceptualisation of citizenship, stretching from the domestic sphere through the national and European levels to the global. The book is aimed at students of social policy, sociology, European studies, women's studies and politics and at researchers/scholars/policy analysts in the areas of citizenship, gender, welfare states and migration.
This book presents a complete summary about the 12 pairs of cranial nerves (CN). They control much of the motor and sensory functions of the head and neck such as smell, sight, eye movement, and feeling in the face. The CN also control balance, hearing, and swallowing. The examination of the CN is an important part of the clinical neurological examination. Additionally, to the anatomy, extensive knowledge about further diagnostic tools are necessary such as neuroimaging, and electrophysiology. The book is divided into three parts: a general part with anatomy and imaging, a systematic part grouping the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and a part describing cranial nerve functions in specific conditions and diseases.
Linguists have standardly assumed that grammar is about identifying all and only the 'good' sentences of a language, which implies that there must be other, 'bad' sentences - but in practice most linguists know that it is hard to pin those down. The standard assumption is no more than an assumption. A century ago, grammarians did not think about their subject that way, and our book shows that the older idea was right: linguists can and should dispense with the concept 'starred sentence'. We draw on corpus data in order to support a different model of grammar, in which individuals refine positive grammatical habits to greater or lesser extents in diverse and unpredictable directions, but nothing is ever ruled out. Languages are not merely alternative methods of verbalizing universal logical forms. We use empirical evidence to shed light on the routes by which school-age children gradually expand their battery of grammatical resources, which turn out to be sometimes counter-intuitive. Our rejection of the 'starred sentence' concept has attracted considerable discussion, and we summarize the reactions and respond to our critics. The contrasting models of grammar described in this book entail contrasting pictures of human nature; our closing chapter shows that grammatical theory is not value-neutral but has an ethical dimension.
Korean Literature Through the Korean Wave engages with the rising interest in both the Korean Wave and Korean language learning by incorporating Korean Wave cultural content, especially K-dramas, films and songs, to underline and support the teaching of Korean literature. It combines both premodern and modern texts, including poetry, novels, philosophical treatises, and even comics, to showcase the diversity of Korean literature. Particular care has been taken to include the voices of those marginalised in the often male, elite-dominated discourse on Korean literature. In particular, this book also distinguishes itself by extending the usual breadth of what is considered modern Korean literature up until the present day, including texts published as recently as 2017. Many of these texts are very relevant for recent discourse in Korean affairs, such as the obsession with physical appearance, the #MeToo movement and multiculturalism. This textbook is aimed at B1-B2 level and Intermediate-Mid students of Korean. On the one hand the textbook introduces students to seeing beyond Korean literature as a monolithic entity, giving a taste of its wonderful richness and diversity. On the other hand, it provides an entry point into discussions on Korean contemporary society, in which the text (and associated media extracts) provides the catalyst for more in-depth analysis and debate.
Due to swift technological change and the resultant digital revolution, a wide range of new digital financial products and services have emerged in the financial markets, as witnessed in the context of the FinTech sector, the economics of blockchain and NFT issuance. This book takes an in-depth look at the challenges faced by individuals making investment decisions in a rapidly changing financial world and presents a concise and thorough overview of the multifaceted approach to investment and savings behavior. It explores behavioral digital finance, referencing the latest theories in economic psychology and financial markets and provides an analysis of the process of saving and investing in the context of our new digital reality, where an understanding of human – AI interaction, its benefits and threats is extremely important. It combines an accessible overview of classical and new behavioral theories, models of financial decision making as well as an analysis of the new trends in financial decision making. Special attention is given to financial decision support systems and the role of financial advice services, which are of growing importance, due to their increasing complexity and difficulty. The book combines theoretical considerations and wide-reaching empirical analyses from a representative sample of international respondents. It deals with the individual approach to human risk-taking, and human – AI interaction, its benefits, and threats. The book explores how people react to algorithms, what drives algorithm aversion and appreciation, and how understanding of those mechanisms can be employed to improve financial advisory systems, and also considers the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on financial behavior.
The preeminent naturalists Albert Hazen Wright and Anna Allen Wright spent years assembling the wealth of material on frogs and toads appearing in this widely used handbook, the third edition of which was originally published in 1949. With abundant black-and-white photographs, colorful descriptions, journal notes from the field, and excerpts from the literature, their personalized natural history emphasizes amphibians observed in the wild. In a foreword to the 1995 paperback edition, Roy McDiarmid, a foremost specialist on frogs and toads, brings the book into historical perspective and supplies information to bring it up to date. Accounts of more than 100 species and subspecies cover such topics as common and scientific names, range, habitat, size, and general appearance, as well as color, structure, voice, and breeding. Separate keys are given for secondary sexual characteristics, eggs, tadpoles, families, and species. Generous quotations from the Wrights' field journals give the reader a sense of the problems and satisfactions of their work.
Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention because of their high specific energy, low cost, and safety features. This book discusses science and technology including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in MABs. It comprehensively describes various composite bifunctional electrocatalysts, corrosion/oxidation of carbon-containing air cathode catalysts, and how improvements can be achieved in the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and their durability/stability. This book also analyzes, compares, and discusses composite bifunctional electrocatalysts in the applications of MABs, matching the fast information of commercial MABs in requirements. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this comprehensive work provides readers with an appreciation for what bifunctional composite electrocatalysts are capable of, how this field has grown in the past decades, and how bifunctional composite electrocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of MABs. It also offers suggestions for future research directions to overcome technical challenges and further facilitate research and development in this important area.
Young people’s participation is crucial for shaping and transforming democracies. Youth political participation is taking place within a context of democratic transformation, including a global decline in the state of democracy, shrinking space for civil society, polarisation of the political and social space, economic crisis and precarity, rapid digitalisation, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and, most recently, war. In this setting, we are witnessing a lack of trust in political institutions, an increasing disengagement from the political system and a decline in youth participation in institutional politics. This Youth Knowledge book reminds us that while the context might be changing, young people’s participation is crucial for shaping and transforming democracies. Moving beyond the traditional binary of “conventional” and “nonconventional”, the authors ask the question: “How are young people engaging with democracies in transformation?”, seeking to understand the ways in which young people are defining their own participation. This volume includes eight chapters, ranging from the mapping of young people’s involvement in environmental justice movements and climate strikes, dissent and radical kindness, political participation of young refugees in Europe, as well as explorations of the understanding of the concepts of liberal democracy, youth voice and European citizenship, as well as the importance and role of values and the context. In addition to the chapters, four personal essays, written by young people themselves, give a glimpse into the ways young people are engaging in political participation to shape their schools, communities and Europe, but also the broader systems on which our current politics is built. Young people’s political participation, citizenship and relationship with democracy remain a complex topic for youth research, policy and practice. While this publication does not claim to answer all the questions or represent the realities of all young people across Europe, it gives a glimpse into the landscape of youth engagement in a changing world, highlighting realities, trends and main issues.
This timely volume addresses issues related to the mental health and health-related quality of life of adolescents through a study with three groups: those with physical, intellectual, and other developmental disabilities, specifically fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Investigating the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional dimension of adolescents' quality of life, the chapters explore the meaning of personal and social resources of adolescents with disability and their parents in the context of the Polish system of support for families with disabled children, further highlighting difficulties intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Another field-defining work on the progression of mental health research for children and adolescents, this book will be a useful and timely contribution to researchers, post-graduate students, and scholars in the fields of developmental and social psychology, mental health research, adolescent psychotherapy, and disability. It will also be of interest to school counselors, parents, and caregivers.
This book provides an overview of mitigation strategies and positive health effects of Maillard Reaction products in the contexts of food processing and storage. The effects of Maillard Reactions can vary considerably: while on the one hand certain sensorial alterations and influences on color, flavor and odor may be desirable, Maillard Reactions can also result in potentially harmful and toxic products (e.g. furfurals, furosines, or acrylamide). This book discusses possible mitigation strategies for the reduction of toxic reaction products, including the addition of enzymes or antioxidants, reducing sugars, and encapsulation approaches, as well as new processing strategies, such as high-pressure, radio-frequency, ultrahigh-temperature, or Ohmic heating methods. The book also illustrates that certain Maillard products can even produce positive health effects, e.g. antimicrobial or anticarcinogenic effects. The methods described here can serve as a blueprint for promoting the formation of beneficial compounds and reducing / avoiding toxic substances, offering essential strategies and methods.
This book presents the diverse clinical, cellular and molecular manifestations of NF-KB-related genetic diseases. It shows that studying patient-related pathologies affecting the components of the NF-KB signaling pathway offers the opportunity to understand the various functions of NF-KB in humans, complementing studies performed with mouse models. In addition, people treating those patients acquire a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of the pathophysiological processes.
Critiques neo-liberalism and provides an alternative understanding of contemporary world politics by arguing that the neo-liberal approach to international relations is deeply flawed, reproducing violence, instability, insecurity and marginalization.
It's hard to find a nation that dances to a friendlier, more laid-back tempo than Dominica. The island rises majestically out of a turquoise-blue sea and provides a visually stunning backdrop to an easy-going way of life. You won't find your typical Caribbean beach vacation here, but what you will find is a country that begs you to discover and engage with its people, land and rich culture. With its soaring green mountains, colorful reefs, hidden beaches, natural hot springs, towering waterfalls, and pristine rivers, Dominica's rugged good looks will make you weak in the knees. With candid reviews of restaurants and hotels plus itineraries and advice for the lone adventurer or the whole family, this guide won't leave you wondering what to do next. Take advantage of the practical tips for traveling on a budget and off the beaten tourist path with all of the maps you'll need for hiking, driving, or exploring on foot or by bus. Included in this book is a first-of-its-kind comprehensive hiking guide featuring the newly developed Waitukubuli National Trail. With first-hand knowledge, cultural insights, and personal recommendations, this book is your key to the real Dominica.
Social media form an increasingly important aspect of the lives of professionals in many occupations, both as opportunities to acquire and exchange information and as places to find or create a supportive community. In much of the existing writing on professionals’ use of social media, there is a tendency to adopt either a position of risk avoidance or, alternatively, unbridled enthusiasm. This book adopts a different approach. Recognising that communications on social media are increasingly dominated by the exchange of images, it explores what we can learn from the images shared among professional communities on social media. It traces the professional learning and shaping of professional norms and behaviours that unfolds online, and considers how we use can images shared on social media as pedagogical resources, opening up windows into professional life to which students may not otherwise have access. Throughout, it develops novel theoretical and methodological approaches in an analysis of two case studies of social media exchanges on Twitter. Although it explores exchanges among midwives and teachers specifically, the book will be of interest to anyone involved in professional learning, both in the higher education sector and in continuing professional development contexts. It will also appeal to researchers interested in developing new ways to research digital communications.
Get the inside scoop on France. From trolling Parisian nightclubs to skiing the French Alps, MTV France shows you what you want to do and where you want to be, with choices for every budget. Alternative accommodations. Bed down anywhere from a hauntedcastle to buzzing beachfront youth hostels or alpine ski chalets. Cheap eats. Fuel up on the world's best cheeses, cr?pes, and cassoulets. Chow down in an old Parisian workers' canteen, or try affordable cutting- edge dishes by France's hottest young chefs. Great clubs & bars. Party everywhere from Paris's grungy rue Oberkampf to the velvet rope scene at Cannes' Le Baol, or tour Champagne's best bubbly cellars and the vineyards of Burgundy and Bordeaux. World-class museums & offbeat attractions. From the Mona Lisa at the Louvre and Van Gogh's house in Arles to Paris's catacombs and Lascaux's cave paintings, you'll discover France's finest and freakiest sites.
DISCLAIMER: This Staff Discussion Note represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent IMF views or IMF policy. The views expressed herein should be attributed to the authors and not to the IMF, its Executive Board, or its management. Staff Discussion Notes are published to elicit comments and to further debate.
Essential Musculoskeletal MRI is a clinically based manual written by experts in both musculoskeletal MRI and musculoskeletal medicine. It explains when and why patients should be referred for this type of imaging and is an essential purchase for any student or clinician wishing to hone their MRI reading skills and to interpret their findings in conjunction with patient symptoms. The book assumes no previous knowledge of diagnostic imaging and covers the appearance of normal anatomy under MRI, as well as the radiological features of the most commonly encountered regional pathologies, with emphasis on those with musculoskeletal relevance. The content is regionally organised, rather than driven by pathology, and the focus is clearly on clinical application. Worked clinical examples develop diagnostic thinking and the numerous images help clinicians to recognise patterns.
Focusing on artists and creators, this shortform book analyses the labour market in the creative economy in the context of cultural policies. Based on a series of studies involving Polish artists spanning 10 years, the book identifies the key factors needed to understand contemporary labour markets in the creative and cultural sectors worldwide. The authors integrate artists’ perspectives to present truly rounded evidence, shedding light on the applicational perspective of the research findings. Illuminating the socioeconomic status of artists in Poland, this book is essential reading for researchers interested in cultural policy and the creative economy, as well as work and labour studies more broadly. It will also be of interest to practitioners in the creative and cultural industries.
The main emphasis of this new fifth edition ofAdvanced Therapy of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseaseis on patient management. Chapters are dedicated to general topics in gastroenterology and hepatology practice and the use of diagnostic tests in clinical decision-making. Principles in endoscopy including sedation and infection control are also examined. Each chapter consists of recommendations from an expert in the field concerning a very focused problem. The authors discuss recommendations for instituting, modifying and monitoring therapy, including combinations of drugs and / or therapeutic and diagnostic procedures.
The 11 chapters in this book have been selected from the contents of the Interventional Radiology section in Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology 6e. These chapters provide a succinct up-to-date overview of current imaging techniques and their clinical applications in daily practice and it is hoped that with this concise format the user will quickly grasp the fundamentals they need to know. Throughout these chapters, the relative merits of different procedures and techniques are described, variations are discussed and recent imaging advances are detailed.
Understanding of welfare states has been much enriched by comparative work on welfare regimes and gender. This book uses these debates to illuminate the changing gender regimes in countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It has particular significance as countries in the region make the transition from communism and into a European Union that has issues of women's employment, work-life balance, and gender equality at the heart of its social policy. The analysis draws on quantitative comparative data, and on rich qualitative data from a new study of mothers in Polish households, illuminating the effects of changing welfare and gender relations from the perspective of those most directly affected - mothers of young children. This book is an important addition to the literature and is recommended to academics and students interested in the study of gender relations, welfare states, and international and comparative European social policy. The insights gained will also be of value to those engaged in welfare policy and practice.
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