This book lays the foundations for quality modeling and analysis in the context of supply chains through a synthesis of the economics, operations management, as well as operations research/management science literature on quality. The reality of today's supply chain networks, given their global reach from sourcing locations to points of demand, is further challenged by such issues as the growth in outsourcing as well as the information asymmetry associated with what producers know about the quality of their products and what consumers know. Although much of the related literature has focused on the micro aspects of supply chain networks, considering two or three decision-makers, it is essential to capture the scale of supply chain networks in a holistic manner that occurs in practice in order to be able to evaluate and analyze the competition and the impacts on supply chain quality in a quantifiable manner. This volume provides an overview of the fundamental methodologies utilized in this book, including optimization theory, game theory, variational inequality theory, and projected dynamical systems theory. It then focuses on major issues in today's supply chains with respect to quality, beginning with information asymmetry, followed by product differentiation and branding, the outsourcing of production, from components to final products, to quality in freight service provision. The book is filled with numerous real-life examples in order to emphasize the generality and pragmatism of the models and tools. The novelty of the framework lies in a network economics perspective through which the authors identify the underlying network structure of the various supply chains, coupled with the behavior of the decision-makers, ranging from suppliers and manufacturers to freight service providers. What is meant by quality is rigorously defined and quantified. The authors explore the underlying dynamics associated with the competitive processes along with the equilibrium solutions. As appropriate, the supply chain decision-makers compete in terms of quantity and quality, or in price and quality. The relevance of the various models that are developed to specific industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals and high technology products, is clearly made. Qualitative analyses are provided, along with effective, and, easy to implement, computational procedures. Finally, the impacts of policy interventions, in the form of minimum quality standards, and their ramifications, in terms of product prices, quality levels, as well as profits are explored. The book is filled with many network figures, graphs, and tables with data.
A unified treatment of the vulnerabilities that exist in real-world network systems—with tools to identify synergies for mergers and acquisitions Fragile Networks: Identifying Vulnerabilities and Synergies in an Uncertain World presents a comprehensive study of network systems and the roles these systems play in our everyday lives. This book successfully conceptualizes, defines, and constructs mathematically rigorous, computer-based tools for the assessment of network performance and efficiency, along with robustness and vulnerability analysis. The result is a thorough exploration that promotes an understanding of the critical infrastructure of today's network systems, from congested urban transportation networks and supply chain networks under disruption to financial networks and the Internet. The authors approach the analyses by abstracting not only topological structures of networks, but also the behavior of network users, the demand for resources, the resulting flows, and the associated costs. Following an introduction to the fundamental methodologies and tools required for network analysis and network vulnerability, the book is organized into three self-contained parts: Part I—Network Fundamentals, Efficiency Measurement, and Vulnerability Analysis explores the theoretical and practical foundations for a new network efficiency measure in order to assess the importance of network components in various network systems. Methodologies for distinct decision-making behaviors are outlined, along with the tools for qualitative analysis, the algorithms for the computation of solutions, and a thorough discussion of the unified network efficient measure and network robustness with the unified measure. Part II—Applications and Extensions examines the efficiency changes and the associated cost increments after network components are eliminated or partially damaged. A discussion of the recently established connections between transportation networks and different critical networks is provided, which demonstrates how the new network measures and robustness indices can be applied to different supply chain, financial, and dynamic networks, including the Internet and electronic power networks. Part III—Mergers and Acquisitions, Network Integration, and Synergies reveals the connections between transportation networks and different network systems and quantifies the synergies associated with the network systems, from total cost reduction to environmental impact assessment. In the case of mergers and acquisitions, the focus is on supply chain networks. The authors outline a system-optimization perspective for supply chain networks and also formalize coalition formation using game theory with insights into the merger paradox. With its numerous network examples and real-world applications, Fragile Networks: Identifying Vulnerabilities and Synergies in an Uncertain World is an excellent book for courses in network science, transportation science, operations management, and financial networks at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the areas of applied mathematics, computer science, operations research, management science, finance, and economics, as well as industrial, systems, and civil engineering. Listen to Dr. Nagurney's podcast Supernetworks: Building Better Real and Virtual Highways at http://www.scienceofbetter.org/podcast/ .
This book is an extended and revised version of "Numerical Semigroups with Applications," published by Springer as part of the RSME series. Like the first edition, it presents applications of numerical semigroups in Algebraic Geometry, Number Theory and Coding Theory. It starts by discussing the basic notions related to numerical semigroups and those needed to understand semigroups associated with irreducible meromorphic series. It then derives a series of applications in curves and factorization invariants. A new chapter is included, which offers a detailed review of ideals for numerical semigroups. Based on this new chapter, descriptions of the module of Kähler differentials for an algebroid curve and for a polynomial curve are provided. Moreover, the concept of tame degree has been included, and is viewed in relation to other factorization invariants appearing in the first edition. This content highlights new applications of numerical semigroups and their ideals, following in the spirit of the first edition.
Boundary element methods relate to a wide range of engineering applications, including fluid flow, fracture analysis, geomechanics, elasticity, and heat transfer. Thus, new results in the field hold great importance not only to researchers in mathematics, but to applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers. A two-day minisymposium Mathematical Aspects of Boundary Element Methods at the IABEM conference in May 1998 brought together top rate researchers from around the world, including Vladimir Maz’ya, to whom the conference was dedicated. Focusing on the mathematical and numerical analysis of boundary integral operators, this volume presents 25 papers contributed to the symposium. Mathematical Aspects of Boundary Element Methods provides up-to-date research results from the point of view of both mathematics and engineering. The authors detail new results, such as on nonsmooth boundaries, and new methods, including domain decomposition and parallelization, preconditioned iterative techniques, multipole expansions, higher order boundary elements, and approximate approximations. Together they illustrate the connections between the modeling of applied problems, the derivation and analysis of corresponding boundary integral equations, and their efficient numerical solutions.
This book provides an introduction to topological groups and the structure theory of locally compact abelian groups, with a special emphasis on Pontryagin-van Kampen duality, including a completely self-contained elementary proof of the duality theorem. Further related topics and applications are treated in separate chapters and in the appendix.
This Proceedings Volume contains 32 articles on various interesting areas ofpresent-day functional analysis and its applications: Banach spaces andtheir geometry, operator ideals, Banach and operator algebras, operator andspectral theory, Frechet spaces and algebras, function and sequence spaces.The authors have taken much care with their articles and many papers presentimportant results and methods in active fields of research. Several surveytype articles (at the beginning and the end of the book) will be very usefulfor mathematicians who want to learn "what is going on" in some particularfield of research.
Since the 1990s, economic and cultural globalization has propelled the transnational mobility of managers and fueled cross-border careers. Some scholars have argued for the emergence of a new global business elite with cosmopolitan mind-sets and homogeneous lifestyles, while others have highlighted their disconnection from the local surroundings and their everyday life within national expatriate ‘bubbles’. Thus, the question of whether today’s mobile professionals can be described as interculturally open and competent cosmopolitans, or as pronounced anti-cosmopolitans, is still unanswered. Expatriate Managers and the Paradoxes of Working and Living Abroad considers a core protagonist of economic globalization and the management of MNCs through the lens of a practice-based theoretical approach whilst seeking to address this question by building on intensive ethnographic case studies of expatriate managers, most of them high-ranking executives, from two comparative different home countries, the US and Germany. These managers, together with their families, have been assigned to China, Germany, or the US to perform demanding coordination tasks within their multinational corporations (MNCs). Based on detailed accounts of expatriate managers’ experiences and everyday practices, the book reveals the multiple and sometimes paradoxical ways in which they deal with cultural differences as they build up new forms of working, belonging and dwelling. The findings suggest that the newly emerging mind-sets and lifestyles of expatriate managers transcend the polarized images of mobile elites as either cosmopolitan ‘global managers’ or parochial anti-cosmopolitans. Expatriate Managers and the Paradoxes of Working and Living Abroad examines the global elite from an everyday perspective, showing that understanding the dynamics of a global economy requires probing into the lifeworld’s agency and everyday arrangements of the social actors who are putting globalization into practice.
The first full study of the relationship between literacy and democracy in fifth-century Athens. Through a close analysis of key democratic institutions, such as ostracism, the Council of 500, and the demes and tribes, Missiou argues that literacy was widespread among the common citizens of Athens.
Aside from Letters from Ireland and Endowed Schools of Ireland, Harriet Martineau wrote an additional thirty-eight articles about Ireland for London's Daily News between 1852 and 1866, plus another thirteen articles for Household Words, Atlantic Monthly, Once a Week, Westminster Review, and New York Evening Post. It is those uncollected articles that are the focus of this study and that compliment her earlier work by providing subsequent commentary on Ireland's post-famine, reconstruction period. Whereas Letters from Ireland (1852) is a structured, sociological travel memoir meant for both periodical and volume publication, and Endowed Schools (1858)addresses a specific aspect of Irish education reform, these articles chart the course of economic and social progress in post-famine Ireland in terms of industry, public works, economy, and agriculture. They also record the growth of Irish nationalism in America and Ireland, while exploring the question of Ireland's political representation during this crucial pre-independence period. Points highlighted in this study include Martineau's unshakeable optimism about the economic and social recovery of post-famine Ireland, her steady refusal to consider repeal of the Union as a viable option for remedying Ireland's troubles, and her insistence that Ireland's problems were social, not political. Treating social issues as the primary ailment and politics as merely a symptom, Martineau's writing on these topics provides important insights into the challenges facing Ireland during its transition from a feudal society to a modern, independent nation during the period of the British Empire's greatest expansion and swift demise. There are five components comprising her writing on Ireland: Ireland (Illustrations of Political Economy, 1832); History of the Peace, 1849-51; Letters from Ireland (1852); Endowed Schools of Ireland (1858); and the "Condition of Post-famine Ireland" (1852-66). It is the latter that is the focus of this volume.
Based on practice-oriented and practice-relevant research methods, Anna Quitt, designs an integrated process for measuring supply management’s budget effects and develops Return on Spend as an innovative financial effectiveness indicator.
The paper assesses the impact of fiscal spillovers on growth in the context of a coordinated exit from crisis management policies. We find that despite potentially sizeable domestic effects from consolidation, aggregate negative spillovers to other countries are likely to be contained in 2011-2012 unless fiscal multipliers and/or imports elasticities are very large. Small and open European economies, however, will be substantially affected in any case. In contrast, the coordinated exit from fiscal stimulus will have limited direct effect on European peripheral countries since they are relatively closed, with the notable exception of Ireland.
Financial analysis is concerned with the study of capital flows over time and space. This book presents a new theory of multi-sector, multi-instrument financial systems based on the visualization of such systems as networks. The framework is both qualitative and computational and depends crucially on the methodologies of finite-dimensional variational inequality theory for the study of statics and equilibrium states and on projected dynamical systems for the study of dynamics and disequilibrium behavior. Moreover, it adds a graphical dimension to the fundamental economic structure of financial systems and their evolution through time.
Throughout his diverse and highly influential career, Hilary Putnam was famous for changing his mind. As a pragmatist he treated philosophical “positions” as experiments in deliberate living. His aim was not to fix on one position but to attempt to do justice to the depth and complexity of reality. In this new collection, he and Ruth Anna Putnam argue that key elements of the classical pragmatism of William James and John Dewey provide a framework for the most progressive and forward-looking forms of philosophy in contemporary thought. The Putnams present a compelling defense of the radical originality of the philosophical ideas of James and Dewey and their usefulness in confronting the urgent social, political, and moral problems of the twenty-first century. Pragmatism as a Way of Life brings together almost all of the Putnams’ pragmatist writings—essays they wrote as individuals and as coauthors. The pragmatism they endorse, though respectful of the sciences, is an open experience-based philosophy of our everyday lives that trenchantly criticizes the fact/value dualism running through contemporary culture. Hilary Putnam argues that all facts are dependent on cognitive values, while Ruth Anna Putnam turns the problem around, illuminating the factual basis of moral principles. Together, they offer a shared vision which, in Hilary’s words, “could serve as a manifesto for what the two of us would like philosophy to look like in the twenty-first century and beyond.”
The reference considers probability theory in two main domains: fuzzy set theory, and quantum models. Readers will learn about the Kolmogorov probability theory and its implications in these two areas. Other topics covered include intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IF-set) limit theorems, individual ergodic theorem and relevant statistical applications (examples from correlation theory and factor analysis in Atanassov intuitionistic fuzzy sets systems, the individual ergodic theorem and the Poincaré recurrence theorem). This book is a useful resource for mathematics students and researchers seeking information about fuzzy sets in quantum spaces.
This book addresses practical issues in connoisseurship and authentication, as well as the legal implications that arise when an artwork’s authenticity is challenged. In addition, the standards and processes of authentication are critically examined and the legal complications which can inhibit the expression of expert opinions are discussed. The notion of authenticity has always commanded the attention of art market participants and the general art-minded public alike. Coinciding with this, forgery is often considered to be the world’s most glamorous crime, packed with detective stories that are usually astonishing and often bizarre. The research includes findings by economists, sociologists, art historians, lawyers, academics and practitioners, all of which yield insights into the mechanics and peculiarities of the art business and explain why it works so differently from other markets. However, this book will be of interest not only to academics, but to everyone interested in questions of authenticity, forgery and connoisseurship. At the same time, one of its main aims is to advocate best practices in the art market and to stress the importance of cooperation among all disciplines with a stake in it. The results are intended to offer guidance to art market stakeholders, legal practitioners and art historians alike, while also promoting mutual understanding and cooperation.
This book presents a detailed overview of the healthcare environment in Viet Nam. Given the general lack of understanding of healthcare in the Vietnamese context, it discusses the background and history, current status and the future of healthcare in the country. The first part of the book provides a summary of the current state of Vietnamese healthcare, incorporating discussions on the training and professional practice environment and the development, implementation and impact of national insurance policies. In addition, it highlights the cultural aspects of health provision and behaviours, technology integration and health trends from a number of angles based on standard global reporting dimensions. The second part elaborates on the 5-year strategic plan for national healthcare management and the top 5 barriers to meeting these planned objectives. It documents key investors and project objectives and outcomes, as well as the top 10 health issues in Vietnam including an overview of national and international initiatives to tackle these issues, addressing financial and social burdens in the process. In the third part, the book outlines the opportunities and barriers for improvement in healthcare outcomes for Viet Nam, providing evidence to support future work by local or international researchers. It is a fundamental text for anyone looking to work or research in the Vietnamese healthcare environment and provides an outline for project planning and targeted programs of work to achieve measureable improvements in Viet Nam.
This book assesses the quality of democracy in Poland from the collapse of communism in 1989 up to the 2011 parliamentary election. It presents an in-depth, empirically grounded study comparing two decades of democratic politics. Drawing on democratic theory and comparative politics, the book puts forward an evaluation of democracy based on four dimensions: representation, participation, competition and accountability. The book is an important contribution to debates on the performance of the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe, where some scholars argue that there is a ‘democratic crisis’, that, after a period of democratic progress, most of these countries are experiencing democratic fatigue and that their democratic performance is poor. However, the Polish case shows that democracy is not in crisis - in fact, the quality of democracy in Poland has improved. The book shows that democratic quality stems from good democratic institutions. Moreover, the Polish case shows useful lessons that can be learnt by democratic reformers in countries that are undergoing the transition to democracy or are aiming to consolidate their democratic systems. It concludes that effective accountability, good representation and stable competition are vital.
This book explores the identified research gap and new field of study of organizational reliability. It develops a definition and theoretical internal structure of the notion of organizational reliability as well as a theoretical background describing the structure of its three pillars, and it showcases a set of organizational solutions dedicated for the enhancement of organizational reliability. The book explores the idea that there are new capabilities needed in every organization: reliability capabilities aiming at enhancing and sustaining the reliability of entire organizations and reliability of management, information technology and human resources. The reliability capabilities are understood as the abilities to anticipate and explore potential and occurring hazards, prevent and resolve disruptions, and learn from the problems in order to maintain a proper organizational performance in both normal and abnormal situations. Based on these three pillars, the book concerns the issue of various organizational solutions in order to indicate a set of them, which supports obtaining and maintaining organizational reliability. The book is recommended reading for researchers, academics and students in the fields of management, and entrepreneurs trying to boost the reliability of their organizations.
The present thesis investigates the usage of higher order accurate time integrators together with appropriate error estimators for small and finite dynamic (visco)plasticity. Therefore, a general (visco)plastic problem is defined which serves as a basis to create closed-form solution strategies. A classical access towards small and finite (visco)plasticity is integrated into this concept. This approach is based on the idea, that the balance of linear momentum is formulated in a weak sense and the material laws are included indirectly. Thus, separate time discretizations are implemented and an appropriate coupling between them is necessary. Limitations for the usage of time integrators are the consequence. In contrast, an alternative multifield formulation is derived, adapting the principle of Jourdain. The idea is to assume that the balance of energy - taking into account a pseudopotential representing dissipative effects – resembles a rate-type functional, whose stationarity condition leads to the equations describing small or finite dynamic (visco)plasticity. Accordingly, the material laws and the balance of linear momentum can be solved on the same level and only one single time discretization has to be performed. A greater freedom in the choice of time integrators is obtained and the application of higher order accurate schemes - such as Newmark’s method, fully implicit as well as diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta schemes, and continuous as well as discontinuous Galerkin methods - is facilitated. An analysis and a comparison of the classical and the multifield formulation is accomplished by means of distinct examples. In this context, a dynamic benchmark problem is developed, which allows to focus on the effect of different time integrators. For this investigation, a variety of time discretization error estimators are formulated, evaluated, and compared.
American political thought was shaped by a unique combination of theoretical influences: republicanism, liberalism, and covenant theology. This reader shows how these influences came together. Organized chronologically from the Puritans' arrival in the New World to the Civil War, each chapter includes carefully selected primary sources and substantial commentary to explain the historical context and significance of the excerpts. A coherent interpretative framework is offered by focusing the analysis on the different assumptions of the people - the republican understanding as a corporate whole and the liberal understanding as a multitude of individuals - that were intertwined during the founding. The book features, for the first time, two chapters on non-American authors, who capture the main tenets of republicanism and liberalism and were widely quoted in the era, as well as excerpts from lesser-known sources, including Puritan covenants, the first state constitutions, and Native American speeches.
This volume contains proceedings of the conference on Trends in Banach Spaces and Operator Theory, which was devoted to recent advances in theories of Banach spaces and linear operators. Included in the volume are 25 papers, some of which are expository, while others present new results. The articles address the following topics: history of the famous James' theorem on reflexivity, projective tensor products, construction of noncommutative $L p$-spaces via interpolation, Banach spaces with abundance of nontrivial operators, Banach spaces with small spaces of operators, convex geometry of Coxeter-invariant polyhedra, uniqueness of unconditional bases in quasi-Banach spaces, dynamics of cohyponormal operators, and Fourier algebras for locally compact groupoids. The book is suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in Banach spaces and operator theory and their applications.
This book explores the metaphysics of political communities. It discusses how and why a plurality of individuals becomes a political unity, what principles or forces keep that unity together, and what threats that unity can be faced with. In Part I, the author justifies the need for the notion of substance in metaphysics in general and in the metaphysics of politics in particular. He spells out a moderately realist theory of substances and of their principles of unity, which supports substantial gradualism. Part II concerns action theory and the nature of practical reason. The author claims that the acknowledgement of reasons by agents is constitutive of action and that normativity depends on the role of the good in the formation of reasons. Finally, in Part III the author addresses the notion of political community. He claims that the principle of unity of a political community is its authority to give members of the community moral reasons for action. This suggests a middle way between liberal individualism and organicism, and the author demonstrates the significance of this view by discussing current political issues such as the role of religion in the public sphere and the political significance of cultural identity. Authority and the Metaphysics of Political Communities will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in social metaphysics, political philosophy, philosophy of action, and philosophy of the social sciences.
Introduces the theory and application of modes, covering topics in universal algebra, category theory, and modal theory, and includes exercises to illustrate concepts.
Surfactants were and still are our inconspicuous companions at macroscopic but more often at microscopic scale. Many technologies are only possible due to surfactant applications, which are of constantly growing scientific and industrial interest for approximately 100 years [1]. Hence, since its definition ‘micro emulsion’ by Schulman [2] optically isotropic surfactant formulations and their variations have become a significant part in today’s society. In nowadays’ most popular sector of nanomaterials surfactants are utilised for productions of such via template strategies [3–10]. Organic synthesis benefits from the immensely huge interfacial area of microemulsions resulting in bigger yields which were not possible before [11–21]. Closely related to organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industries enjoy the benefits of drug delivery via e.g. vesicels which play a major role during drug transport into the blood stream [22–27]. Simpler application of surfactants were reported 1984 where cationic surfactants were utilised as stabiliser for antibiotics [28]. Concerning healthier and conscious nutrition microemulsions are applied for reduction of the caloric value of food [29–39]. Also, to contribute to environmental protection exhaust emissions can be reduced by introducing water and surfactants into fuels [40–42]. Surfactant systems or in most cases microemulsions are very adaptable and can therefore be utilised in their most different states. This chapter gives an insightful introduction into the world of microemulsions.
Responsible Tourism presents a wide variety of valuable lessons learned in responsible tourism initiatives in Southern Africa that many tourism practitioners can use in their efforts to make the tourism sector work for the poor and for the environment.' Dr Harsh Varma Director Development Assistance Department World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 'For those interested in how tourism can assist in the economic and social development of societies in need Responsible Tourism effectively integrates scales and types of knowledge to present an informative stimulating perspective. It will be on my boo.
This second edition of Serway's Physics For Global Scientists and Engineers is a practical and engaging introduction for students of calculus-based physics. Students love the Australian, Asia-Pacific and international case studies and worked examples, concise language and high-quality artwork, in two, easy-to-carry volumes. * NEW key topics in physics, such as the Higgs boson, engage students and keep them interested * NEW Maths icons highlight mathematical concepts in the text and direct students to the relevant information in the Maths Appendix * NEW Index of Symbols provides students with a quick reference for the symbols used throughout the book This volume (two) includes Electricity and magnetism, Light and optics, and Quantum physics. Volume one covers Mechanics, Mechanical properties of solids and fluids, Oscillations and mechanical waves, and Thermodynamics.
This book provides a comprehensive method for learning modern management processes, and applying those methods to improve leadership in educational settings. The authors include case studies and techniques to solve a variety of managerial problems so that members of the educational community may improve their abilities and skills in a range of related disciples, including: strategic planning, effective decision making, time management, management conflict strategies, oral communication, management strategies for school crises, and the development of good relations and a cooperative spirit.
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