Parmana: Prehistoric Maize and Manioc Subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco argues for a reinterpretation of prehistoric subsistence in the Greater Amazonian region of South America. Based on the preliminary results of an archaeological fieldwork in Parmana of the Orinoco basin, Venezuela, the book re-evaluates some of the assumptions made by anthropologists about human adaptation and the development of aboriginal culture in Amazonia. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with a review of the theories of five scholars of aboriginal Amazonia in terms of logic and documentation: Julian Steward, Betty Meggers, Robert Carneiro, Donald Lathrap, and Daniel Gross. The next chapter presents an alternative theory, the hypothesis of technological change, and explains its theoretical framework. The demographic theory of cultural evolution is discussed, and its basis in general evolutionary theory is explained. Subsequent chapters focus on the empirical evidence for the hypothesis in studies of tropical resources, with emphasis on the productivity of tropical lowland soils and Amazonian faunal resources as well as the roles of maize and manioc in prehistoric Amazonian subsistence; the physical and biological characteristics of the Parmana region as an environment for prehistoric human adaptation; and the history of subsistence and population growth in prehistoric Parmana. The final chapter suggests possible directions for future research on the development of aboriginal culture in Amazonia. The book is illustrated with numerous maps, tables, and photographs, most of them never published before. This monograph should be of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists.
The Safford and Aravaipa valleys of Arizona have always lingered in the wings of Southwestern archaeology, away from the spotlight held by the more thoroughly studied Tucson and Phoenix Basins, the Mogollon Rim area, and the Colorado Plateau. Yet these two valleys hold intriguing clues to understanding the social processes, particularly migration and the interaction it engenders, that led to the coalescence of ancient populations throughout the Greater Southwest in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries A.D. Because the Safford and Aravaipa valleys show cultural influences from diverse areas of the pre-Hispanic Southwest, particularly the Phoenix Basin, the Mogollon Rim, and the Kayenta and Tusayan region, they serve as a microcosm of many of the social changes that occurred in other areas of the Southwest during this time. This research explores the social changes that took place in the Safford and Aravaipa valleys during the thirteenth through the fifteenth centuries A.D. as a result of an influx of migrants from the Kayenta and Tusayan regions of northeastern Arizona. Focusing on domestic architecture and ceramics, the author evaluates how migration affects the expression of identity of both migrant and indigenous populations in the Safford and Aravaipa valleys and provides a model for research in other areas where migration played an important role. Archaeologists interested in the Greater Southwest will find a wealth of information on these little-known valleys that provides contextualization for this important and intriguing time period, and those interested in migration in the ancient past will find a useful case study that goes beyond identifying incidents of migration to understanding its long-lasting implications for both migrants and the local people they impacted.
Orang mengambil tes TOEFL dengan berbagai alsasan yang berbeda-beda, misalnya: (1) untuk mendapatkan beasiswa belajar ke luar negeri, terutama Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan beberapa negara maju lainnya; (2) untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat utama dalam melamar pekerjaan di berbagai departemen pemerintahan, lembaga-lembaga swasta atau perusahaan- perusahaan baik asing maupun dalam negeri; (3) untuk bahan matrikulasi sebelum mengikuti perkuliahaan perdana ketika seseorangtelah diterima di universitas/ institut negeri/ swasta; (4) untuk menduduki jabatan struktural tertentu di pemerintahan sebagaimana dipersyaratkan; (5) untuk persyaratan mendaftar atau persyaratan pengambilan ijazah di program pascasarjana; (6) untuk mengikuti short course program di luar negeri dan Iain-Iain. Buku ini dimaksudkan untuk membantu Anda dalam mempersiapkan tes TOEFL dalam waktu singkat. Buku ini menyajikan teori dan praktik latihan tes TOEFL yang meliputi: listening comprehension (pemahaman dalam mendengarkan), structure and written expression (struktur dan ungkapan secara tertulis berkaitan dengan tata bahasa Inggris), dan reading comprehension (pemahaman bacaan). Untuk memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan, pelajarilah bab demi bab secara menyeluruh buku ini. Kerjakanlah soal-soal tes TOEFL ini. Sedikit demi sedikit namun pasti, kemampuan bahasa Inggris Anda akan meningkat dan pada akhirnya Anda tidak akan mengalami banyak kesulitan dan dapat meraih skortesTOEFL di atas 500.
Religious freedom is widely recognized today as a basic human right, guaranteed by nearly all national constitutions. Exporting Freedom charts the rise of religious freedom as an ideal firmly enshrined in international law and shows how America’s promotion of the cause of individuals worldwide to freely practice their faith advanced its ascent as a global power. Anna Su traces America’s exportation of religious freedom in various laws and policies enacted over the course of the twentieth century, in diverse locations and under a variety of historical circumstances. Influenced by growing religious tolerance at home and inspired by a belief in the United States’ obligation to protect the persecuted beyond its borders, American officials drafted constitutions as part of military occupations—in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, in Japan following World War II, and in Iraq after 2003. They also spearheaded efforts to reform the international legal order by pursuing Wilsonian principles in the League of Nations, drafting the United Nations Charter, and signing the Helsinki Accords during the Cold War. The fruits of these labors are evident in the religious freedom provisions in international legal instruments, regional human rights conventions, and national constitutions. In examining the evolution of religious freedom from an expression of the civilizing impulse to the democratization of states and, finally, through the promotion of human rights, Su offers a new understanding of the significance of religion in international relations.
Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher Lonely Planet's Mexico is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip, and what hidden discoveries await you. Gather all your senses and dive head-first into the ancient Maya world at exquisite Palenque; sample the freshest local specialities from street food stalls and innovative restaurants; and soak in the colours of Oaxaca City's fiestas, architecture, and arts scene. All with your trusted travel companion. Get to the heart of Mexico and begin your journey now! Inside Lonely Planet's Mexico: Colour maps and images throughout Highlights and itineraries help you tailor your trip to your personal needs and interests Insider tips to save time and money and get around like a local, avoiding crowds and trouble spots Essential info at your fingertips - hours of operation, phone numbers, websites, transit tips, prices Honest reviews for all budgets - eating, sleeping, sightseeing, going out, shopping, hidden gems that most guidebooks miss Cultural insights provide a richer, more rewarding travel experience - covering history, people, music, landscapes, wildlife, cuisine, politics Covers Mexico City, Around Mexico City, Veracruz, Yucatán Peninsula, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Central Pacific Coast, Western Central Highlands, Northern Central Highlands, Baja California, Copper Canyon, Northern Mexico The Perfect Choice: Lonely Planet's Mexico is our most comprehensive guide to the country, and is designed to immerse you in the culture and help you discover the best sights and get off the beaten track. Traveling just around Cancun? Check out Lonely Planet's Cancun, Cozumel & the Yucatan for a comprehensive look at all the region has to offer. About Lonely Planet: Lonely Planet is a leading travel media company and the world's number one travel guidebook brand, providing both inspiring and trustworthy information for every kind of traveller since 1973. Over the past four decades, we've printed over 145 million guidebooks and grown a dedicated, passionate global community of travellers. You'll also find our content online, and in mobile apps, video, 14 languages, nine international magazines, armchair and lifestyle books, ebooks, and more. 'Lonely Planet guides are, quite simply, like no other.' - New York Times 'Lonely Planet. It's on everyone's bookshelves, it's in every traveller's hands. It's on mobile phones. It's on the Internet. It's everywhere, and it's telling entire generations of people how to travel the world.' - Fairfax Media (Australia) eBook Features: (Best viewed on tablet devices and smartphones) Downloadable PDF and offline maps prevent roaming and data charges Effortlessly navigate and jump between maps and reviews Add notes to personalise your guidebook experience Seamlessly flip between pages Bookmarks and speedy search capabilities get you to key pages in a flash Embedded links to recommendations' websites Zoom-in maps and images Inbuilt dictionary for quick referencing Important Notice: The digital edition of this book may not contain all of the images found in the physical edition.
Having trained in both law and social science, Lukemeyer (public administration, U. of Nevada-Las Vegas) decided that professionals in both fields could benefit from insights in the other about school finance reform. She explains the role of legal cases in reform and how they can be used for further research; and how judges, lawyers, and plaintiffs can use the insights developed in the social sciences. She looks at 25 years of cases ending in 1996. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Named after America's first president, the state of Washington is home to more than seven million people. This book celebrates the state's natural and cultural history, exploring each region and what makes it special, from whale-watching off the San Juan Islands to distinctive cities like Seattle and Spokane. Across five chapters covering the geography, history, people, economy, and government of the Evergreen State, young readers learn what makes Washington an exciting place to visit or call home.
Human Choice in International Law is an exploration of human choice in international legal and political decision making. This book investigates the neurobiology of how people choose and the history of how personal choice has affected decisions about international peace and security. It charts important decision moments in international law about genocide, intervention into armed conflict and nuclear weapons at the central institutions of the international legal order. Professor Spain Bradley analyzes the role that particular individuals, serving as international judges or Security Council representatives, play in shaping decision outcomes and then applies insights from neuroscience to assert the importance of analyzing how cognitive processes such as empathy, emotion and bias can influence such decisionmakers. Drawing upon historical accounts and personal interviews, this book reveals the beauty and struggle of human influences that shape the creation and practice of international law.
Critiques neo-liberalism and provides an alternative understanding of contemporary world politics by arguing that the neo-liberal approach to international relations is deeply flawed, reproducing violence, instability, insecurity and marginalization.
A classic. A comprehensive and accessible presentation of the ins-and-outs of nuclear power. It includes explanations of nuclear plant operation, the fuel cycle, health and safety hazards, the economics and politics of nuclear power, international anti-nuclear programs, and alternative energy sources.
This study demonstrates the extensive protection that international law provides to human rights even in the most serious of emergencies when they are particularly vulnerable. Based on a meticulous analysis of preparatory works and practice under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as the American and European Conventions on Human Rights, and with a special chapter on the International Labour Organisation's approach to international labour standards and emergencies, this book shows that respect for the rule of law and the concept of a democratic society are controlling parameters in any valid limitation on the enjoyment of human rights. It further shows that respect for human rights and the operation of institutions such as the Legislature and Judiciary are crucial to enabling societies to address and eventually remedy the root causes of emergency situations. The study recommends possible directions for the development of case law and suggests some practical means to help ensure that international legal requirements are in fact respected in emergencies.
Drawing on data from a Europe wide project, together with existing data on equality and diversity initiatives, this book explores the work of trade unions in supporting equality and anti-discrimination policies across Europe and, in particular, the processes and collaborations involved in incorporating equality and diversity policies into trade union agendas. It considers theoretical issues of equality and diversity, the role of EU legislation, multiple discrimination and exclusion and disadvantage in the labour market in relation to the role of trade unions, and addresses central questions about the actions and challenges faced by trade unions in promoting equality in the workplace and in implementing anti-discrimination policies at local, national and European levels. With research spanning 34 European countries and extending to over 250 interviews and 15 case studies, Workplace Equality in Europe examines the impact of a period of economic crisis on workplace diversity, exploring forms of inter-union cooperation at European and international levels and shedding fresh light on the processes that lead some trade unions to adopt equality policies while others remain reluctant to develop or expand policies in this area. A detailed European study of trade union activity and workplace diversity, this book will be of interest to scholars of the sociology of work and organisations, labour relations and workplace diversity.
This book argues that Hollywood melodramas of the Depression era engaged the political ideas underlying the welfare state policies of the New Deal. These ideas expanded the boundaries of the public realm and the purview of the government, such as liberal empathy, consumer citizenship, the refeudalization of the state, and minimal economic redistribution.
Like any Silicon Valley startup, the business of life is not as glamorous as its Instagram account would make it seem. What do you do when planning is not an option? When control is out of your reach? You isolate the small stuff, experiment constantly, and use the results to lay a more sustainable foundation for the future. You validate your idealized vision by testing it out in bite-sized increments ... And inevitably, you experience a series of failures along the way, but those failures are key to your next success. Living a startup life is about maximizing flexibility and measuring on-going results, not avoiding failure or reaching one particular end goal. It's about embracing defeat, analyzing it, and failing up""--
The Unsettlement of America explores the career and legacy of Don Luis de Velasco, an early modern indigenous translator of the sixteenth-century Atlantic world who traveled far and wide and experienced nearly a decade of Western civilization before acting decisively against European settlement. The book attends specifically to the interpretive and knowledge-producing roles played by Don Luis as a translator acting not only in Native-European contact zones but in a complex arena of inter-indigenous transmission of information about the hemisphere. The book argues for the conceptual and literary significance of unsettlement, a term enlisted here both in its literal sense as the thwarting or destroying of settlement and as a heuristic for understanding a wide range of texts related to settler colonialism, including those that recount the story of Don Luis as it is told and retold in a wide array of diplomatic, religious, historical, epistolary, and literary writings from the middle of the sixteenth century to the middle of the twentieth. Tracing accounts of this elusive and complex unfounding father from the colonial era as they unfolds across the centuries, The Unsettlement of America addresses the problems of translation at the heart of his story and speculates on the implications of the broader, transhistorical afterlife of Don Luis for the present and future of hemispheric American studies.
Discover the inspiring voices that have changed our world, and started a new conversation. The first dedicated collection of seminal speeches by women from around the world, So Here I Am is about women at the forefront of change—within politics, science, human rights, and media; discussing everything from free love, anti-war, scientific discoveries, race, gender, and women's rights. From Emmeline Pankhurst's "Freedom or Death" speech and Marie Curie's trailblazing Nobel lecture, to Michelle Obama speaking on parenthood in politics and Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza's stirring ode to black women, the words collected here are empowering, engaging, and inspiring. New Yorker writer Anna Russell introduces each speech with a concise bio of the remarkable woman who delivered it. Paired with powerful illustrations from Camila Pinheiro, the unique personality of each woman is brought to vivid life. A pink ribbon keeps your place in the book. This anthology of outspoken women throughout history is essential reading for anyone who believes that change is not only possible, it is necessary. The women: Elizabeth I; Fanny Wright; Maria Stewart; Angelina Grimké; Sojourner Truth; Victoria Woodhull; Sarah Winnemucca; Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Mary Church Terrell; Ida B. Wells; Countess Markievicz; Marie Curie; Emmeline Pankhurst; Nellie McClung; Jutta Bojsen-Møller; Emma Goldman; Nancy Astor; Margaret Sanger; Virginia Woolf; Huda Sha'arawi; Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti; Eva Perón; Helen Keller; Eleanor Roosevelt; Shirley Chisholm; Ruth Bader Ginsburg; Sylvia Rivera; Simone Veil; Indira Gandhi; Margaret Thatcher; Ursula K. Le Guin; Barbara McClintock; Corazon C. Aquino; Naomi Wolf; Severn Cullis-Suzuki; Wilma Mankiller; Toni Morrison; Hillary Clinton; Wangari Maathai; J.K. Rowling; Angela Merkel; Sheryl Sandberg; Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; Asmaa Mahfouz; Manal al-Sharif; Julia Gillard; Malala Yousafzai; Emma Watson; Jane Goodall; Michelle Obama; Gloria Steinem; Beatrice Fihn; Alicia Garza; Maya Lin.
Stroll around the World Heritage Site Colonia del Sacramento and you will feel like you have travelled back in time: 17th colonial buildings grace the historic section, while the lively modern town extends around a bay. Go by horseback across the country’s rolling hills and stay overnight at a country estate. From historic gems to thermal springs, from charming riverside towns to gorgeous beach resorts: Uruguay is ideal for adventurous and leisurely visitors alike. Footprintfocus Uruguay also features detailed coverage of Buenos Aires, the main gateway to the country, plus comprehensive listings on where to eat, sleep and have fun. • Essentials section with practical advice on getting there and around. • Covers Buenos Aires, the main gateway to the country. • Highlights map of Uruguay and Buenos Aires so you know what not to miss. • Detailed street maps for Montevideo, Buenos Aires and other important towns. • Slim enough to fit in your pocket. Loaded with advice and information, this concise Footprintfocus guide will help you get the most out of Uruguay without weighing you down.
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