Academic Paper from the year 2013 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1.0, Ruhr-University of Bochum, language: English, abstract: This paper argues that Frederick Douglass exposed the American double standard towards Christianity. To verify this thesis, Douglass' Narrative is first put into context, both into the context of its time as well as into the context of its genre, the African American slave narrative. Subsequently, the American sociologist Robert N. Bellah’s term and definition of “American Civil Religion” is introduced. Finally, the author applies a close reading of Douglass’ Narrativethrough Bellah’s findings, whichshows how and why Douglass unveiled the Christian yet cruel values of Southern plantation owners to his readers. By means of conclusion,the paper shows that Douglass's Narrative paved the way for other abolitionist slave writers, who might not had been able to tell their story if the American Christian double-standard had not been exposed by Douglass.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1.0, Ruhr-University of Bochum, language: English, abstract: This paper attempts to provide a scholarly analysis of the discussion triggered by Frank Miller’s comment that “Metropolis is New York in the daytime; Gotham City is New York at night.” The paper aims to analyze the representation of Gotham City in Nolan’s "The Dark Knight" trilogy and the representation of Metropolis as fictional version of New York City in selected episodes of the television series "Smallville." Starting from a disambiguation of the respective city’s name, it continues with an analysis of the resulting relation of factual and imagined place. In the following,the author discusses the possibility of understanding the cities, both Gotham City and Metropolis, as characters within the framework of the respective superhero narrative. To do so, three different theories of space and spatial practices are being introduced: Michel Foucault’s “Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias” (1984), Henri Lefebvre’s The Production of Space (1991), and Michel de Certeau’s The Practices of Everyday Life (1984). These theories and their respective approaches to space, as contradictory as they might seem, open up various ways to discuss the city as character.
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