A resource for GCSE Social Science courses, covering elements of politics, sociology and economics. It is skills-based, with a range of data from original sources for analysis and interpretation. It takes an active-learning approach with questions to encourage understanding and interpretation.
Tax policy frequently targets the choices that women face in many aspects of their lives. Decisions regarding working away from home, having children, marrying, registering a partnership or cohabiting with a partner all entail tax consequences. The end of the twentieth century saw progress in women's legal and social equality, but many governments began to increase their reliance on the tax system as a means of influencing the choices that women make. The juxtaposition of this instrumentalist deployment of tax with persisting economic inequality for women is the starting point for this book. Employing a range of theoretical approaches, and grounding its investigations in sociological theory and cultural philosophy, it provides the foundation for a comparative, contextual consideration of the issues that arise at the intersection of women, tax policy and the law.
This book discusses the socio-legal tax state and its relationship to development, inequality and the transnational. 'Fiscal Sociology' commenced in 1918 when Joseph A. Schumpeter examined the links between capitalism and taxation, arguing that fiscal pressures on governments led directly to the development of tax collection, and the burgeoning growth of capitalist economies. The identification of taxation as an important component of capitalism has continued to change the way that theoretical sociologists conceptualise tax. This book documents the history of this literature to provide a summary of the topic for scholars seeking a bridge between taxation law and contextual, historical, and anthropological analyses of the development of the state, more generally. Whilst Schumpeter’s insights have been celebrated over the past one hundred years, taxation has slipped from the agenda of many scholarly disciplines, in relation to analyses of poverty, globalisation, and equality. Fiscal Sociology at the Centenary fills this gap. The implications of this literature for taxation law in the United Kingdom, in particular, are considered.
This International Sociological Association Handbook presents and tracks the transformation of the societies and social relations that characterize the twenty-first century. The volume is organized around a conceptualization of three processes that are fundamental to the analyses of micro, meso and macro social relations: Conflict, Competition, and Cooperation. Case studies discuss and contextualize debates within an international overview of relevant literature incorporating material about North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Ann and Robert Seidman have written an invaluabe theoretical (and practical) guide for those concerned with the role of the state in development.'- Bereket Habte Selassie, Professor of African Studies, Howard University 'State and Law in the Development Process is a scholarly work and essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses on the Third World, its history and development. It provides an excellent bibliography and analysis which sets out the fundamentals of research into the future development of the Third World. Expertly written, it embodies a research methodology which is linked to a theoretical perspective.' - John F. McEldowney, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Warwick The post-1945 collapse of colonialism and the emergence of new nationalist governments seemed to promise plenty for all third-world peoples. Four decades later, those promises lay in shards. This book proposes a theory to explain the failure of third-world states to transform the institutions that produce poverty and powerlessness for the mass of the population. Based on that theory, it proposes a methodology designed to facilitate the democratic exercise of state power through law to empower third world peoples to play an effective role in building a peaceful world of plenty for all.
This valuable source for a systematic and comprehensive understanding of Durkheim′s ideas on the family constitutes a major addition to the literature on the family, social theory, women′s studies, and family law. Highly recommended for upper-division undergraduates and above." -CHOICE Emile Durkheim on the Family is intended to bring attention to this classical sociologist′s work on the family. Durkheim′s writings in this area are little known, but the family was nevertheless one of his primary interests, the subject of an intended book that was never written. Durkheim′s ideas on the family appear only in scattered sources and a number of those sources have not been translated into English. Durkheim′s Sociology of the family has not heretofore been presented and analyzed holistically. The purpose of Lamanna′s book is to bring together Durkheim′s ideas on the family from diverse sources and to present his family sociology systematically and comprehensively. Quotations from Durkheim′s writing or speaking enrich the analysis. Durkheim′s work on the family is situated in its historical context and comparisons are drawn to present-day sociology of the family is situated in its historical context and comparisons are drawn to present-day sociology of the family and family issues. Chapter topics include: Durkheim′s life and times His evolutionary theory of the family Methodologies for studying the family The changing relationship of kin Conjugal family and the state The interior of the family Family policy Gender Sexuality An examination of Durkheim′s work on the family reveals its close connections to his wee-known books and theories. Emile Durkheim on the Family should interest audiences in sociology of the family, social theory, family science, European intellectual history women′s studies, legal history, and those generally interested in family studies and / or nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe.
When infringement or wrongdoing is alleged against a corporation, where are we to look for the imputed reprehensible conduct or knowledge on which the case must depend? This is a question that is asked and asked again as each expansion and intensification of corporate activity gives rise to ever more complex issues of accountability and responsibility. This major new theoretical study builds on classic and recent work in the field to provide a systematic and coherent analysis of corporate liability in its current context. Focusing on rules of attribution developed in a notable series of English cases, the author explains in detail the various ways in which these rules may be applied in civil, criminal, and regulatory proceedings against corporate defendants. The book exposes the circumstances in which corporations, as legal persons, may incur personal liability for the acts or omissions of their servants or agents that were carried out in the course of their employment, defining the means through which corporate liability must be determined. It focuses on the personal liability of corporations, incorporating common law principles of vicarious liability and agency as well as exceptions arising from the Companies Act 1985 and other legislation. The study covers such important areas as the following: the 'problem of many hands,' in which individual servants or agents may be aware of only a portion of a corporate transaction or undertaking the traditional 'directing mind' theory as one of the means of identifying the relevant individuals whose conduct or state of knowledge may result in corporate liability the development of 'principles of attribution' as a framework for approaching different situations where liability may be established against corporations a new concept of 'aggregation' which allows, under particular circumstances, the collective knowledge of various individuals to be attributed to the corporation the relevance of 'Chinese Walls' in limiting the extent to which principles of attribution apply a comprehensive survey of the different circumstances in which corporations, including holding corporations in corporate groups, and their servants and agents may incur liability. Corporate Liability: A Study in Principles of Attribution is far more than a mere legal device for practical purposes. It is in every way a groundbreaking work in the field, of absorbing interest to scholars, jurists, and lawyers alike.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Being the True Story of how Three Motherless Sisters Saved Their Home in New England and Raised Their Younger Brother While Their Father Went Fortune Hunting in the California Gold Rush
Being the True Story of how Three Motherless Sisters Saved Their Home in New England and Raised Their Younger Brother While Their Father Went Fortune Hunting in the California Gold Rush
Uses more than 350 letters to reconstruct the lives of a trio of sister whose father, a U.S. Congressman from New Hampshire, left them in 1850 for the Gold Rush.
We are delighted to present this exciting, new exhibition of work by Ann Oram, her seventh with us since 1985. After several years working abroad she has now returned to work in Scotland, in a new studio, in the countryside overlooking a formal garden. She has always found artistic stimulation in travel and new subjects but at this moment she has given consideration to ideas of inspiration and heritage; her own journey seen in the context of the art shegrew up with, her rigorous art education at Edinburgh College of Art, and the subjects which inspired a previous generation of Scottish artists. She has enjoyed deconstructing the styles employed on particular, well-known pictures by Peploe, Fergusson, Hunter and Cadell, which she has copied and has then taken the knowledge gained forward into her own work. There is abundant evidence that she has enjoyed following in their footsteps in Scotland andEurope without losing her essential personality
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