The Mediterranean region has faced a significant number of challenges that have stemmed from turbulent events taking place on its Southern shores: conflicts and instability, the migration crisis, disruptions of regional value chains, souring regional relations, and foreign power interferences that have severely affected the region. The Covid-19 pandemic wreaked havoc on the Southern Mediterranean, but the health crisis had ambiguous effects on the underlying economic, social, and political trends of the region. It has exposed and exacerbated much of the previous sources of tension and, obscured many of them as public attention moved towards facing the public health emergency. Will the Covid-19 pandemic spur governments and civil societies to action? Or will it just serve as another smokescreen behind which to hide the region's longstanding problems?
In this book, Makarychev and Medvedev examine the importance of biopolitics in fueling Russia’s confrontation with the West. In their view, the development of Putin’s illiberal authoritarianism was largely triggered by what they call a biopolitical turn. This shift is exemplified by the use of an increasing number of regulatory mechanisms to discipline and constrain the human body. Such political practices concern issues of sexuality, reproductive behavior, adoption, fertility, family planning, public hygiene, and demography. This turn created a new disciplinary framework for the population and the elite. Bans and restrictions of a biopolitical nature, became one of the main tools for articulating the rules of belonging in the political community and drawing its political boundaries. Biopolitical discourses have taken up the core of the Russian identity formation, which contrasts a positive “conservative Russia” with a supposedly vicious “liberal West.” The presentation of the political genealogy of the body-centric structures of power and hegemony in Russia implies their transformation from bio- to necropolitics. Necropolitical (repressive and life-depriving) components are inscribed in the biopolitical regimes of power: they form the core of Putin’s rule over Russia and are a key factor behind the war against Ukraine.
This timely book offers a multifaceted analysis of EU-Russian relations, drawing on the investigation of competing models of international society. Makarychev argues that the huge variety of interest-based and normative models is best explained through the study of foreign policy and identity discourses. His approach defies simplistic explanations of EU-Russian relations as either destined for cooperation or doomed to constant collisions. Instead, Makarychev unveils multiple alternatives that both the EU and Russia face in their policies toward each other. Assessing the repercussions ongoing EU-Russian discord has on Europe and the world, Makarychev's volume reveals the interconnectedness of the discourses dominating the EU and Russia while also accounting for the deep-seated disconnect between them.
Der bewaffnete Konflikt zwischen Russland und der Ukraine, der 2022 eskalierte, hat eine lange Vorgeschichte. 2014 begannen die Kampfhandlungen zwischen von Russland unterstützten Milizen, regulären russischen und ukrainischen Truppen sowie Freiwilligenmilizen besonders in den ostukrainischen, von prorussischen Separatisten kontrollierten Gebieten Donezk und Luhansk. Waffenstillstände, vereinbart im Protokoll von Minsk und in dem im Normandie-Prozess verhandelten Minsker Abkommen, blieben brüchig, setzten aber Hoffnungssignale. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes beleuchten diese Ereignisse und suchen die Zielvorstellungen, aber auch die Grenzlinien der russischen, der ukrainischen und der europäischen Politik aufzuzeigen. Sie erörtern insbesondere, ob und wie sich der externe Einfluss mäßigend auf die lokalen Akteure ausgewirkt hat, mit welchen geopolitischen Faktoren der Konfikt zusammenhängt, und wie es gelingen kann, die Lösung des Konflikts mit dem Versuch zu verbinden, Fragen einer gesamteuropäischen Friedens- und Sicherheitsordnung neu anzugehen.
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