Bryozoa are a colonial animal phylum with a long evolutionary history, having existed from the early Ordovician (480 My) onward and still flourishing today. Several mass extinctions in earth history shaped and triggered bryozoan evolution through drastic turnover of faunas and new evolutionary lineages. Bryozoa are widespread across all latitudes from Equator to Polar Regions and occur in marine and freshwater environments. They are shaping benthic ecosystems and recording ambient environmental conditions in their skeletons. The book provides a synthesis of the current main topics of research in the field of Bryozoology including combined research on both extant, and extinct taxa. Fields or current research span molecular genetics and phylogeny, life history, reproduction and anatomy, biodiversity and evolutionary patterns in time and space, taxonomy, zoogeography, ecology, sediment interactions, and climate response.
Aluk is a young Kurdish woman who gets adopted by a childless European academic couple, after a common climb to the summit of the biblical mountain Ararat. She follows her new parents to Crecheville, where she starts Law studies. She is intrigued by the idea that humans’ destiny is to permanently desire more: that is a blessing and curse at the same time. She starts her career joining the ICRC (Inter. Committee of the Red Cross), serving in Iraq, Eastern Sudan, and Jerusalem. Three years later Aluk metamorphoses into a Diplomat for her adoptive country working in Israel, Morocco, Nigeria, Russia, Caucasus, Iran, Uzbekistan/Tajikistan, a peace mission to Afghanistan introduces her to a cosmos following its own rules.Negotiating with the Taliban and their nemesis, Ahmad Shah Massoud, gives her a lasting lesson: “ if you can, trust in God, if not, trust nobody.” Her defence ministry calls her to help out in coordinating its intelligence services, but soon her ministry needs Aluk in Kenya, where she discovers a powerful motivator “greed without borders”. Aluk continues her career in Israel again and then as Ambassador to Sudan/Eritrea, Vietnam and Poland. Once in retirement Aluk tries to give something back to her Kurdish roots. She happens to know a key aid to Boris Johnson, Ambassador Tim Barrow, so she gets an appointment with the PM. She is not trying to get another (this time Kurd oriented) “Balfour declaration” from London: hence she is not aiming at a Kurdish State but more realistically for promis- ing cooperation domains within a Union of Levante. This Union could first, like it happened not so long ago in Europe, start with creating conditions, for the regional countries to cooperate with each other. Exploring political and cultural diversities in many of the worlds most challenged nations, she delivers services with respect and empathy for all humans and other beings giving us on her way a glance into chronic problems of most societies. Andrej Motyl, born 1956 in Western Carpathian Mountains in former Czechoslovakia. Due to the suppression of the Prague Spring August 1968 his family emigrates to Switzerland. After Law Studies in Zürich and language courses in Paris, he joins the International Committee of the Red Cross as a Delegate. 1989 he passes the Exams into the Swiss Diplomatic Service, in which he serves until 2018. He also wrote “Tierischer Ernst, eine Erzählung für Iraner, Libanesen,Tessiner und andere”. He paints intensively watercolours. Andrej lives with his wife Christine between Zug and Lugano in Switzerland. Their son Matteu is a Student of Economics in Warsaw.
With its ... over thousand] detailed and expansive footnotes drawing on twenty-four different archive collections in eight countries and three continents and an enormous secondary literature, this is one of the best researched regional studies of the Holocaust ever to appear. It is helped by the fact that the authors are also always so cognizant of what was happening elsewhere in Europe at the same time and thus frequently draw out the relationship between seemingly haphazard local decisions and trends across Europe...Indeed, the way in which the book 'makes sense' of complex institutional behavior is at times breathtaking...The precision in the detail and the scope of the contextualization make this one of the more important works to appear on the Holocaust in recent years." - English Historical Review "This very readable and well documented study fills an important gap in the Holocaust literature: it offers insight into the microcosm reflecting the entire terrifying and murderous scenario of the SS State." - Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung " This] excellent study of the Riga ghetto, informed by Eastern European sources and available now in English translation, provides a precise and ghastly description of what the liquidation] meant for the local Jews. With laudable thoroughness, they describe the organized shooting of Jews, the first form of industrial-scale mass murder." - The New York Review of Books Ghetto, forced labor camp, concentration camp: All of the elements of the National Socialists' policies of annihilation were to be found in Riga. This first analysis of the Riga ghetto and the nearby camps of Salaspils and Jungfernhof addresses all aspects of German occupation policy during the Second World War. Drawing upon a broad array of sources that includes previously inaccessible Soviet archives, postwar criminal investigations, and trial records of alleged perpetrators, and the records of the Society of Survivors of the Riga Ghetto, the authors have produced an in-depth study of the Riga ghetto that never loses sight of the Latvian capital's place within the overall design of Nazi policy and the all-of-Europe dimension of the Holocaust. Andrej Angrick, a native of Berlin, is a historian, consultant, and researcher affiliated with the Hamburg Foundation for the Promotion of Science and Culture. He has published numerous articles about the Holocaust in the Soviet Union and co-edited Der Dienstkalender Heinrich Himmlers 1941/42 (1999) and Die Gestapo nach 1945: Karrieren, Konflikte, Konstruktionen (with Klaus-Michael Mallmann, 2009), as well as Besatzungspolitik und Massenmord: Die Einsatzgruppe D in der s dlichen Sowjetunion 1941-1943 (2003). Peter Klein, a Berlin-based historian, consultant, and researcher affiliated with the Hamburg Foundation for the Promotion of Science and Culture, has published widely on the Holocaust and German occupation in various parts of central and eastern Europe during the Second World War. Klein was the editor of Die Einsatzgruppen in der besetzten Sowjetunion 1941/1942 (1997) and a co-editor of Der Dienstkalender Heinrich Himmlers 1941/42 (1999). He is the author of "Gettoverwaltung Litzmannstadt" (2009). Ray Brandon is a freelance translator, historian, and researcher based in Berlin. A former editor at the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, English Edition, he is co-editor, with Wendy Lower, of The Shoah in Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization.
The death of the ruler poses a significant threat to the stability of any polity. Arranging for a peaceful and orderly succession has been a formidable challenge in most historical societies, and it continues to be a test that modern authoritarian regimes regularly face and often fail. Drawing on a unique dataset of the life and fates of monarchs in all major monarchies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, The Politics of Succession documents how succession have historically been moments of violence and insecurity. Deaths of rulers were often associated with civil war, and the shadow cast by looming successions caused coups and depositions. But this book also shows that the development and spread of primogeniture - the eldest-son-taking-the-throne - mitigated the problem of succession in Europe in the period after AD 1000. The predictability and stability that followed from a clear hereditary principle outweighed the problems of incompetent and irrational rulers sometimes inheriting power. The data used in the book demonstrates that primogeniture reduced the risk of depositions and civil war following the inevitable deaths of leaders. In this way, hereditary monarchy helped create political stability and lengthen the time horizons of rulers and elites alike, thereby facilitating state-building. The book thus sheds light on the rationale of a system of leader selection that today often appears illogical and outdated - and it uses these findings to shed light on the key advantage of modern representative democracy: its ability to complete power transfers peacefully.
Providing a comprehensive overview of the current European regulatory framework on telecommunications, this book analyses the 2016 proposal for a European Electronic Communications Code (EECC). The work takes as its basis the 2009 Regulatory Framework on electronic communications and analyses each of its five main directives, comparing them with the changes proposed in the EECC. Key chapters focus on issues surrounding choosing the right regulatory model in order to secure effective investment in next-generation networks and ensure their successful deployment.
Èe izraz »prazgodovina« uporabimo za èas in prostor, ki ga pisni viri ne »vidijo«, potem imamo ozemlja, ki so »prazgodovinska« tudi v èasu, ki sicer splošno velja za »zgodovino«. V tem pomenu še vedno obstajajo v Evropi v èasu zgodnjega srednjega veka obširna ozemlja, kjer stanje pisnih virov lahko opišemo kot prazgodovinsko. Še posebej velja to za ozemlja, ki so jih naseljevali Slovani. Mednje spada tudi današnja Slovenija, kjer leži Bled. Ta »stopi v zgodovino« šele leta 1004. Ali je ob tem notranji pogled v življenje za pisne vire nevidnih ljudi sploh mogoè? Res se ne moremo preprosto prestaviti v minuli èas, da bi si ogledali, kako je bilo. Lahko pa se postavimo v isti prostor (isti vsaj v koordinatnem smislu) in poišèemo vse preostanke nekdanjega življenja, ki so se zapisali v jezik, imena, ljudsko izroèilo, oblikovanje in urejanje prostora, razliène materialne ostanke, celo v mnogo mlajše pisne vire kot svojevrstni odmevi starejšega dogajanja. Najmanj, kar lahko z vsem tem dosežemo, je vloga pasivnega opazovalca. Zato skuša ta knjiga s souporabo razliènih vrst virov (pisnih, arheoloških, etnoloških, filoloških, historièno-geografskih) pokazati, da naloga, ujeti notranji pogled, morda ni povsem neuresnièljiva. Podoba zgodnjesrednjeveške blejske družbe, ki se na ta naèin oblikuje, je slika gospodarsko in upravno-politièno povezane celote. Ali so jo tedaj v resnici imenovali župa Bled, nam pisni viri sicer ne povedo, vsaj verjetno pa je. Srednjeveški pisci govorijo o Slovanih kot ljudeh pretežno enakega jezika, prava in obièajev. Kot osnovne politiène gradnike slovanskega sveta lahko predpostavljamo posamezne župe, ki so bile podobno strukturirane, s sorodnim jezikom, pravom, obièaji in rituali, kar je predpogoj za vtis celote, ki so ga imeli vsi, ki so Slovane opisovali. Morda je ustrezna matematièna prispodoba, ki enaèi župe z nekakimi fraktali, saj na ravni vsake župe najdemo tisto, kar lahko sicer opazujemo tudi na ravni grupacij posamiènih žup v veèje teritorialne skupine. V takem fraktalnem smislu je vsaka župa resnièni pars pro toto celote. Domišljati si, da s poznavanjem ene župe poznamo vse, je že samo zaradi razliènih geografskih okolij seveda hudo pretiravanje, gotovo pa ni preveè predrzna misel, da smo s tem vendarle pomembno napredovali tudi v razumevanju celote. _ _ _ _ _ Is the inside-view into the life of people invisible to the written records possible, then? One cannot simple transfer oneself into the past and observe. However, one can immerse in the same landscape and seek for the residuals of the past in language, place names, folklore, ordering of the landscape and various material remains, or even in younger written records in the form of the so called wirkungsgeschichte (record of younger consequence of an earlier phenomenon). The least one achieves is the role of the passive observer. It is the aim of this book to go even further and to demonstrate that the "inside" perspective is not unattainable; it can be achieved by using a combination of various sources: written sources, archaeology, ethnology, philology and historic geography. The image of early medieval society in the Bled micro-region thus forming reveals the community with tightly economic and political ties. Weather or not it was referred to as Župa Bled is not confirmed by the written sources but it is at least likely. Medieval authors refer to the Slavs as the people that are mostly speaking the same language and are following similar traditions and law. It would seem that the Slavs' society was based on a series of small territorial entities, known as župa. These had all a similar social structure, language, law, traditions and rituals – all of these were necessary in order for the Slavs to be perceived by the others – the medieval writers – as an entity. Using a mathematical metaphor the comparison with the fractals is perhaps in order. It explains the observed behaviour of the medieval Slavic society in which each individual župa behaves the same as larger territorial entity consisted of numerous župa's does. In this simile each župa is indeed a pars pro toto of the whole. To assume that by knowing Župa Bled we became familiar with the entire medieval Slavic society would be presumptuous solely on the grounds of environmental differences, not to dwell on numerous other variables. But it is not, we believe, stretching the truth to say that our knowledge of the whole has been significantly advanced.
Aluk is a young Kurdish woman who gets adopted by a childless European academic couple, after a common climb to the summit of the biblical mountain Ararat. She follows her new parents to Crecheville, where she starts Law studies. She is intrigued by the idea that humans’ destiny is to permanently desire more: that is a blessing and curse at the same time. She starts her career joining the ICRC (Inter. Committee of the Red Cross), serving in Iraq, Eastern Sudan, and Jerusalem. Three years later Aluk metamorphoses into a Diplomat for her adoptive country working in Israel, Morocco, Nigeria, Russia, Caucasus, Iran, Uzbekistan/Tajikistan, a peace mission to Afghanistan introduces her to a cosmos following its own rules.Negotiating with the Taliban and their nemesis, Ahmad Shah Massoud, gives her a lasting lesson: “ if you can, trust in God, if not, trust nobody.” Her defence ministry calls her to help out in coordinating its intelligence services, but soon her ministry needs Aluk in Kenya, where she discovers a powerful motivator “greed without borders”. Aluk continues her career in Israel again and then as Ambassador to Sudan/Eritrea, Vietnam and Poland. Once in retirement Aluk tries to give something back to her Kurdish roots. She happens to know a key aid to Boris Johnson, Ambassador Tim Barrow, so she gets an appointment with the PM. She is not trying to get another (this time Kurd oriented) “Balfour declaration” from London: hence she is not aiming at a Kurdish State but more realistically for promis- ing cooperation domains within a Union of Levante. This Union could first, like it happened not so long ago in Europe, start with creating conditions, for the regional countries to cooperate with each other. Exploring political and cultural diversities in many of the worlds most challenged nations, she delivers services with respect and empathy for all humans and other beings giving us on her way a glance into chronic problems of most societies. Andrej Motyl, born 1956 in Western Carpathian Mountains in former Czechoslovakia. Due to the suppression of the Prague Spring August 1968 his family emigrates to Switzerland. After Law Studies in Zürich and language courses in Paris, he joins the International Committee of the Red Cross as a Delegate. 1989 he passes the Exams into the Swiss Diplomatic Service, in which he serves until 2018. He also wrote “Tierischer Ernst, eine Erzählung für Iraner, Libanesen,Tessiner und andere”. He paints intensively watercolours. Andrej lives with his wife Christine between Zug and Lugano in Switzerland. Their son Matteu is a Student of Economics in Warsaw.
The volume contains a selection of papers originally presented at the symposium on “Areal patterns of grammaticalization and cross-linguistic variation in grammaticalization scenarios” held on 12-14 March 2015 at Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. The papers, written by leading scholars combining expertise in historical linguistics and grammaticalization research, study variation in grammaticalization scenarios in a variety of language families (Slavic, Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Bantu, Mande, "Khoisan", Siouan, and Mayan). The volume stands out in the vast literature on grammaticalization by focusing on variation in grammaticalization scenarios and areal patterns in grammaticalization. Apart from documenting new grammaticalization paths, the volume makes a methodological contribution as it addresses an important question of how to reconcile universal outcomes of grammaticalization processes with the fact that the input to these processes is language-specific and construction-specific.
Combining an in-depth case study of the Italian Northern League with a comparative focus on other parties, Andrej Zaslove employs a socio-economic, institutional, and ideological analysis to argue that the new wave of right-wing parties in Western Europe converged into a radical right populist party family in the 1990s. He examines the transformation of the Northern League from its regionalist roots while focusing on the party's nationalism, authoritarianism, support for a market economy, opposition to globalization, and scepticism regarding Italian integration into the European Union. He also scrutinizes the Northern League's participation in political power between 2001 and 2006 and its influence on federalism, immigration, economic policy, and European integration. A thorough and thought-provoking work, The Re-invention of the European Radical Right offers remarkable insight into the ongoing effects of radical right populism on politics and public policy in Europe.
Prostheses for the Brain: Introduction to Neuroprosthetics bridges the disciplines required in the field of neuroprosthetics and provides the interdisciplinary base required for understanding neuroprosthetic devices. It introduces basic aspects from the physical, bioengineering and medical perspectives, and forms a common knowledge base. It provides the entrance to the field and sets realistic expectations, both regarding potentials as well as limitations, for the devices in both design and outcomes. The book additionally reviews the technology behind the most frequently used and most clinically successful neuroprosthetic devices. It provides the physiological background for their function, as well as the technology behind them. Finally, the authors suggest future possible developments that may play crucial role in new prostheses for the brain. This gives the reader a comprehensive view on the principles and applications of neuroprostheses. This book has been built from the authors course they teach on neuroprostheses and is ideal for students, engineers and medical professionals in this field. Introduces the general principles of conductivity of electrolytes and the processes at the tissue–electrode interface Describes safety issues and regulatory rules, clarifies conceptual differences between stimulating and sensing electrodes Reviews stimulation strategies, tissue reactions, potential medical complications, brain adaptations and the clinically most successful applications of neuroprostheses
This timely and detailed book is a state of the art overview of Internet law in the EU, and in particular of the EU regulatory framework which applies to the Internet. At the same time it serves as a critical evaluation of the EU's policy and governance methods and a comparative analysis, mainly contrasting American with EU solutions. The book begins by examining the EU constitutional context within which the Internet is regulated and the various policy documents which informed the regulation over the years. It then continues to describe the basic instruments in each of the relevant fields, covering electronic commerce, jurisdiction, content regulation, intellectual property, consumer protection, privacy and criminal regulation. Each is observed as a framework through which the Internet is regulated. Rather than provide a comprehensive catalogue of applicable instruments, the author analyses their interaction. EU Internet Law will appeal to academics, students, and practitioners, and will be of interest to the legally-minded and legally-informed public as it discusses issues of general importance and interest.
Wheeled Mobile Robotics: From Fundamentals Towards Autonomous Systemscovers the main topics from the wide area of mobile robotics, explaining all applied theory and application. The book gives the reader a good foundation, enabling them to continue to more advanced topics. Several examples are included for better understanding, many of them accompanied by short MATLAB® script code making it easy to reuse in practical work. The book includes several examples of discussed methods and projects for wheeled mobile robots and some advanced methods for their control and localization. It is an ideal resource for those seeking an understanding of robotics, mechanics, and control, and for engineers and researchers in industrial and other specialized research institutions in the field of wheeled mobile robotics. Beginners with basic math knowledge will benefit from the examples, and engineers with an understanding of basic system theory and control will find it easy to follow the more demanding fundamental parts and advanced methods explained. Offers comprehensive coverage of the essentials of the field that are suitable for both academics and practitioners Includes several examples of the application of algorithms in simulations and real laboratory projects Presents foundation in mobile robotics theory before continuing with more advanced topics Self-sufficient to beginner readers, covering all important topics in the mobile robotics field Contains specific topics on modeling, control, sensing, path planning, localization, design architectures, and multi-agent systems
This book presents a framework to model the main activities of information security management and governance. The same model can be used for any security sub-domain such as cybersecurity, data protection, access rights management, business continuity, etc.
This book raises awareness about environmental issues that result from energy production, extraction and conversion, and examines the attitudes people have about these issues. It discusses societal and educational relations associated with energy and environmental issues, focusing on philosophical, sociological and psychological views, and provides an analysis of how the individual and the society perceive, process and analyze the information on this subject. The authors present the concept of environmentally conscious engineering, discussing various forms of energy extraction and production, and detail alternative, under-researched and unaffordable solutions, such as nuclear fusion and artificial photosynthesis. The book also touches on topics such as the storage of energy and greenhouse gases, recycling and reuse of energy waste, and energy saving and efficiency. The book will be of interest to students and researchers of environmentally conscious engineering, energy use, and human dimensions of ecology and the environment, as well as NGOs, policy makers, and environmental activists.
This book offers a groundbreaking approach to bridging the gap between various disciplines involved in cognitive modeling in education. By drawing on the fields of learning, neuro science, cognitive science, neurobiology, and computer science, it provides a new perspective on how we can integrate these disciplines with education to create more effective learning environments. The main objective of this book is to delve into the ethical, sociological, and technological questions surrounding the introduction of intelligent and smart learning environments in education. By analyzing these issues, this book aims to bridge the gap between the various disciplines involved in cognitive modeling and education, while highlighting the benefits and risks associated with these advancements. With the emergence of AI-based tutors, coaches, and learning environments, students now have access to a new type of self-learning and self-training that was previously unavailable. Distance learning has become increasingly popular in recent years, and the use of computer-assisted learning tools has revolutionized the way we think about education. The goal of education must be to instill in students a desire to learn for themselves, and this can only be achieved through active, self-directed, and reflective learning. With intelligent tutoring systems, students are empowered to take an active role in their own education, rather than simply being passive recipients of information. This book offers practical strategies for teachers to facilitate this transition, enabling them to act as facilitators and guides rather than one-way communicators. By embracing this new approach to education, we can help students become lifelong learners who are equipped with the skills they need to succeed in the 21st century. As we cannot predict the future with certainty, the true effects of education may only be revealed in the long run, making it critical to understand the potential consequences of introducing these new learning tools. By exploring these complex topics, this book offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of education.
Devonian bryozoans from North Africa are scarcely known. The present study is devoted to the investigation of bryozoan fauna and microfacies of the Middle Devonian reef complex in Western Sahara, Morocco. In total, 26 bryozoan species were identified. Two genera with two species are new: Lenapora pulchra n. g. n. sp. and Dissotrypa sincera n. g. n. sp. Furthermore, 15 new species were described: Fistuliphragma parva n. sp., Sulcoretepora moderata sp. n., Leioclema crassiparietum n. sp., Eridotrypella minutiformis n. sp., E. modesta n. sp., Atactotoechus gaetulus n. sp., Acanthostictoporella angusta n. sp., Euspilopora spinigera n. sp., Acanthoclema triangularis n. sp., Rhombopora minutula n. sp., Prolixicella lata n. sp., Rhombocladia striata n. sp., Filites gaetulus n. sp., Anastomopora clara n. sp., and A. recta n. sp. Four species are described in open nomenclature: Spinofenestella sp., Hemitrypa sp., Ptylopora sp., and Semicscinium sp. The studied fauna shows relations to the Middle Devonian of Holy Cross Mountains, Poland and Rhenish Massif, Germany, as well as to the Middle Devonian of North America.
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