Short stories of the true experiences from the professional life of Dr. Andrei Marcu. From medical student in Romania to his practice in the US, these amazing stories span a period of 50 years.
The EU ETS (Emissions Trading System) is a pure regulatory construct and one that has functioned well as a market. An ETS should be the most cost-effective system to promote reductions in greenhouse gases and act as the cornerstone in EU's climate policy. Currently, some have the perception that the EU ETS has not delivered on some of its implicit objectives, including to serve as an instrument to encourage investments to meet long-term targets for GHGs in 2050. A supply imbalance has been observed in the EU ETS, possibly temporary, which has led to some volatility in the market. As a result, a number of issues, real or perceived, need to be addressed: a) A significant oversupply in the market that may linger beyond 2020 b) A large supply coming in 2012-13 c) An inflexible ETS on the supply side d) The need to provide for longer-term structural changes that will affect the EU ETS, including other policies and measures that may be needed to accompany the ETS in some areas. In providing answers, we need to make sure that we know which market failure, or potential market failure, we aim to address. Backloading can only be introduced as a measure to address a market imbalance and ensure good market functioning. It should not be a measure to target a price outcome. If implemented on its own, backloading will likely lead to the need for further one-off interventions, which should be avoided. It should be part of a set of measures that will include, as a next step, an examination of long-term structural measures that are needed to address points c & d above. If backloading is to be an effective tool, it should have a number of characteristics: It should be significant and forceful to ensure a strong political and economic signal. Communication must be clear and unambiguous. A significant time lag between when the set aside takes place and when the volumes may be returned to the market. The volume of backloading should be larger in 2013"--Executive summary.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of different options to reform the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). The options discussed include changes to address the rigidity of supply on the auctioning side, as well as reforms to add flexibility to free allocation. Additionally, other options that may enhance the functionality of the EU ETS are covered, drawing on examples and practices in other carbon-pricing mechanisms around the world. It is crucial to note that any reform of the EU ETS must consist of a package of options. Taken separately, the options may very well have beneficial effects, but they would also leave intact clear imperfections in the current design. Specifically where the auctioning supply mechanism and the flexibility in free allocation are concerned, we assess multiple options in each category, and present evidence for each option. Where appropriate, we suggest complementing these reform options with additional elements (presented in section 3.3). The aim of any structural reform should be to arrive at a set of options that forms a consistent and credible package. With this paper, we provide an evidence-based assessment of the various building blocks of such a reform.
The result of asymmetrical carbon policies, especially carbon pricing, and the resulting carbon cost, carbon leakage affects the international competitive position of some EU industry and could displace production and/or investment, and the emissions of the activities displaced. The issue is central to the discussions on climate policy, given the confluence of issues that are currently being debated, including the 2030 Energy and Climate Framework and the review of the EU carbon leakage list by 2014. This Special Report, prepared as a background paper by the CEPS Carbon Market Forum for the Carbon Leakage Project, should be seen as a primer that provides policy-makers, politicians, regulators and industry with a document that is easily readable and yet sufficiently rigorous to be illuminating, and which outlines the issues and why they are important.--
The markets provisions, contained in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015, can be seen as both a major success and a minor miracle. Throughout 2015, and during COP21 itself, the prediction was for a very small reference to anything related to markets, or possibly even the total omission of any such reference in the text. As predicted, the markets/non-markets text in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement (PA) was one of the last issues to be agreed, in the last night of COP21, shortly before the text went to the COP President, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, for final approval and its subsequent release to the delegates for acceptance on 12 December 2015. This paper presents the evolution of the ideas contained in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, and how these were captured in textual form in different drafts of the agreement. Understanding the origin of different provisions in the PA, and their evolution, may prove crucial. Losing the institutional memory may lead to attempts, through re-interpretation of the PA, to renegotiate it"--Publisher's description.
The clean development mechanism (CDM) has been through a long and complex growing process since it was approved as part of the Kyoto Protocol. It was designed within the framework of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, and reflected the political and economic realities of that time. To ensure its continued effectiveness in contributing to future global climate action and to reflect on how best to position the CDM to respond to future challenges, a high-level panel (HLP) was formed at the Durban climate change conference in 2011. Following extensive consultations, the panel published its report in September 2012. Through this Special Report, the CEPS Carbon Market Forum offers its reflections on findings and recommendations of the HLP, as well as, by extension, its own views on the future of the CDM. In the context of the latter, it explores the following questions: Is there a need for an instrument such as the CDM in the future? What 'demand' can it fill? In the roles identified under the first question, what can be done to adapt it and also continue to increase its efficacy?"--Publisher description.
In recognition that the world is moving towards a new climate change regime that in many ways will be very different from the world in which the Kyoto Protocol has been operating, climate negotiators and other specialists have begun to focus their attention on developing a "framework for variable approaches" (FVA). It is hoped that this new framework will prove more adaptable to national circumstances and more capable of catalysing new ideas, at the regional, national or sub-national level. This paper examines the assumptions, objectives, scope, components and functions of an FVA, with a view to creating the right conditions in which a well-functioning global carbon market can emerge."--Publisher description.
This paper aims to rethink the concept of the 'circular economy' through the prism of its relevance to its many stakeholders, ranging from public and private actors and mature and emerging industries to cities and regions, SMEs and multi‐sectoral corporations. The paper presents a schematic framework, which breaks down the circular economy into eight fundamental building blocks and shows how they are interconnected in relation to the multiplicity of involved actors. The framework is used to develop recommendations addressed to European policy‐makers on how best to support the transition towards a circular economy in the EU.
This report draws on work by the Carbon Market Forum (CMF) at CEPS. The CMF provides a neutral space where policy-makers and regulators are able to meet carbon market participants and other stakeholders to discuss carbon market regulation and general policy issues. The contents of this report reflect the general tone and direction of discussions on specific topics within the CMF, but its findings do not necessarily represent a full common position agreed by all the participants in the CMF, nor do they necessarily represent the views of the institutions to which the participants belong. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the author in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which he is associated.
Inventing the Jew follows the evolution of stereotypes of Jews from the level of traditional Romanian and other Central-East European cultures (their legends, fairy tales, ballads, carols, anecdotes, superstitions, and iconographic representations) to that of "high" cultures (including literature, essays, journalism, and sociopolitical writings), showing how motifs specific to "folkloric antisemitism" migrated to "intellectual antisemitism." This comparative perspective also highlights how the images of Jews have differed from that of other "strangers" such as Hungarians, Germans, Roma, Turks.
A reflection of the intense study of the effects of electromagnetic fields on living tissues that has taken place during the last decades, Advanced Electroporation Techniques in Biology and Medicine summarizes most recent experimental findings and theories related to permeabilization of biomembranes by pulsed electric fields. Edited by experts and
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