Natural killer (NK) cells are granular lymphocytes that play important roles in immunity against viruses and in the immune surveillance of tumors. In addition to being a potent innate source of IFN-γ, NK cells hold cytoplasmic granula that contain perforin and granzymes involved in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. NK cells express various types of immunoreceptors that are all designed to sense pathological changes of self cells. NK cells differ from lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, such as T and B cells, because they do not express one major immune recognition receptor generated by recombination of receptor elements. Instead, NK cells express an arsenal of polymorphic inhibitory and activating, germline-encoded immunoreceptors with variegated expression that interact with ligands expressed by self cells. The balance of inhibitory and activating input to an NK cell determines its activation state, and harnessing the power of NK cells by exploiting this polymorphic inhibitory receptor/ligand system has become a constituent of clinical therapies.
Radiation can be absorbed and re-emitted many times in atomic vapors before it reaches the boundaries of the container encasing the vapor. This effect is known as radiation trapping. It plays an important role practically everywhere atomic vapors occur, whether in spectroscopy, gas lasers, atomic line filters, the determination of atomic lifetimes, measurements of atomic interaction potentials, or electric discharge lamps. This book is the first to assemble all of the information necessary to handle practical problems related to radiation trapping, and it emphasizes both physical insights and mathematical methods. The introduction reviews resonance radiation and collision processes in atomic vapors. This is followed by detailed explanations of the physical effects and mathematical methods for various types of problems (e.g., with or without saturation, particle diffusion, reflecting cell walls). The last part of the book describes the applications of these methods to a variety of practical problems, such as cross-section measurements and the design of discharge lamps.
Explore the military and combat applications of modeling and simulation Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is the first book of its kind to address the three perspectives that simulation engineers must master for successful military and defense related modeling: the operational view (what needs to be modeled); the conceptual view (how to do combat modeling); and the technical view (how to conduct distributed simulation). Through methods from the fields of operations research, computer science, and engineering, readers are guided through the history, current training practices, and modern methodology related to combat modeling and distributed simulation systems. Comprised of contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the engineering principles and state-of-the-art methods needed to address the many facets of combat modeling and distributed simulation and features the following four sections: Foundations introduces relevant topics and recommended practices, providing the needed basis for understanding the challenges associated with combat modeling and distributed simulation. Combat Modeling focuses on the challenges in human, social, cultural, and behavioral modeling such as the core processes of "move, shoot, look, and communicate" within a synthetic environment and also equips readers with the knowledge to fully understand the related concepts and limitations. Distributed Simulation introduces the main challenges of advanced distributed simulation, outlines the basics of validation and verification, and exhibits how these systems can support the operational environment of the warfighter. Advanced Topics highlights new and developing special topic areas, including mathematical applications fo combat modeling; combat modeling with high-level architecture and base object models; and virtual and interactive digital worlds. Featuring practical examples and applications relevant to industrial and government audiences, Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is an excellent resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of operations research, military modeling, simulation, and computer science. Extensively classroom tested, the book is also ideal for courses on modeling and simulation; systems engineering; and combat modeling at the graduate level.
The Colonial World: A History of European Empires, 1780s to the Present provides the most authoritative, in-depth overview on European imperialism available. It synthesizes recent developments in the study of European empires and provides new perspectives on European colonialism and the challenges to it. With a post-1800 focus and extensive background coverage tracing the subject to the early 1700s, the book charts the rise and eclipse of European empires. Robert Aldrich and Andreas Stucki integrate innovative approaches and findings from the 'new imperial history' and look at both the colonial era and the legacies it left behind for countries around the world after they gained independence. Dividing the text into three complementary sections, Aldrich and Stucki offer an original approach to the subject that allows you to explore: - Different eras of colonisation and decolonisation from early modern European colonialism to the present day - Overarching themes in colonial history, like 'land and sea', 'the body' and 'representations of colonialism' - A global range of snapshot colonial case studies, such as Peru (1780), India (1876), The South Pacific (1903), the Dutch East Indies (1938) and the Portuguese empire in Africa (1971) This is the essential text for anyone seeking to understand the nature and complexities of modern European imperialism and its aftermath.
The whole range of biocatalysis, from a firm grounding in theoretical concepts to in-depth coverage of practical applications and future perspectives. The book not only covers reactions, products and processes with and from biological catalysts, but also the process of designing and improving such biocatalysts. One unique feature is that the fields of chemistry, biology and bioengineering receive equal attention, thus addressing practitioners and students from all three areas.
Based on a 12-year long project, this book demonstrates the contested character of the communicative construction of Europe. It does so by combining an investigation of journalistic practices with content analysis of print media, an examination of citizens' online interactions and audience studies with European citizens.
A fully updated edition of a popular textbook covering the four disciplines of chemical technology?featuring new developments in the field Clear and thorough throughout, this textbook covers the major sub-disciplines of modern chemical technology?chemistry, thermal and mechanical unit operations, chemical reaction engineering, and general chemical technology?alongside raw materials, energy sources and detailed descriptions of 24 important industrial processes and products. It brings information on energy and raw material consumption and production data of chemicals up to date and offers not just improved and extended chapters, but completely new ones as well. This new edition of Chemical Technology: From Principles to Products features a new chapter illustrating the global economic map and its development from the 15th century until today, and another on energy consumption in human history. Chemical key technologies for a future sustainable energy system such as power-to-X and hydrogen storage are now also examined. Chapters on inorganic products, material reserves, and water consumption and resources have been extended, while another presents environmental aspects of plastic pollution and handling of plastic waste. The book also adds four important processes to its pages: production of titanium dioxide, silicon, production and chemical recycling of polytetrafluoroethylene, and fermentative synthesis of amino acids. -Provides comprehensive coverage of chemical technology?from the fundamentals to 24 of the most important processes -Intertwines the four disciplines of chemical technology: chemistry, thermal and mechanical unit operations, chemical reaction engineering and general chemical technology -Fully updated with new content on: power-to-X and hydrogen storage; inorganic products, including metals, glass, and ceramics; water consumption and pollution; and additional industrial processes -Written by authors with extensive experience in teaching the topic and helping students understand the complex concepts Chemical Technology: From Principles to Products, Second Edition is an ideal textbook for advanced students of chemical technology and will appeal to anyone in chemical engineering.
Annotation Proceedings of a Rhine-LUCIFS workshop held in Dusseldorf, Germany, in May 2001. Provides a review on concepts for fluvial system research and for modeling the components of large river basins. Reviews the Rhine river system and gives case studies to demonstrate the types of data that can be extracted from sedimentary archives.
On the football pitches of his hometown Hamburg, Andreas Brehme, like many other kids his age, dreamt of one day playing alongside his idols from the German national team. Who would have thought back then, that years later he would be inducted into the Hall of Fame for German football alongside iconic names like Uwe Seeler, Günter Netzer, Lothar Matthäus, and Franz Beckenbauer? In his autobiography »Sure-Footed« Andreas Brehme recounts his beginnings as an amateur footballer, his first Bundesliga stints in Kaiserslautern and at Bayern Munich, and his great successes with Inter Milan and the national team. The man who made Germany world champions with his legendary penalty kick in the 1990 World Cup final against Argentina gives an interesting insight into football in the 80s and 90s and shares his views on the current state of world football.
This book successfully connects archaeology and archaeometallurgy with geoscience and metallurgy. It addresses topics concerning ore deposits, archaeological field evidence of early metal production, and basic chemical-physical principles, as well as experimental ethnographic works on a low handicraft base and artisanal metal production to help readers better understand what happened in antiquity. The book is chiefly intended for scholars and students engaged in interdisciplinary work.
From the reviews: "... this is a well produced book, written in a easy to read style, and will also be a very useful primer for someone starting out the field [...], and a useful source of reference for experienced users ..." Microelectronics Journal
This book conveys mechanical fundamentals of electric railway propulsion, which includes rail-bound guidance, transmission of traction effort from wheel to rail under the influence of non-constant levels of adhesion and the transmission of motor torque to a spring-mounted and thus sliding drive set.
All the major metallic stents available are discussed with recommendations for treatment, complications and how best to avoid them, and new developments
This book illustrates the historical and archaeological significance of the Upper Germanic Limes and provides an up-to-date overview of its manifold features in the field.
This important timely publication is a photographic guide which facilitates recognition of poisonous fungi and treatment methods. The authors of this full color atlas maintain that the best protection against poisoning by fungi is a detailed knowledge of the fungi themselves. The recent surge of interest in collecting fungi makes this thorough and beautiful illustrated synthesis of current knowledge of their dangers especially timely. It includes information on the culinary preparation of fungi and how to deal with cases of poisoning. It presents in detail fungal taxonomy, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine. The information assists readers in understanding the toxic substances present in each case, the degree of toxicity of each fungus and likely effects on the victim. This informative volume is important for accident and emergency doctors and nurses, general practitioners and physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, poison control center personnel and biologists.
The members of the International Network for the Analysis of Intergenerational Relations (Generationes) proudly present the most recent issue of the jointly produced compendium "Generations, Intergenerational Relations and Generational Policy". This new version includes seven languages (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish (New) and Portuguese (New)). Its layout is designed for using it to translate the specific concepts and terminology of research into generations and intergenerational relations from one language into another.
Austria is particularly fortunate in the survival along the Danube of the remains of many Roman military installations. These include forts and towers, some parts surviving up to two stories high. They are a most remarkable survival and deserve to be better known and more visited.
Increasing customer needs, the globalization of markets and the evolution of e-commerce add to the complexity of logistic processes. In today's business, it is well understood that an effective management of logistic processes is impossible without the use of computer-based tools and quantitative methods. This book presents in a systematic way quantitative approaches to distribution logistics and supply chain management. The main orientation of the book is towards practical problem solving, and numerous case studies and practical applications are presented. The topics covered include: supply chain management, revers logistics, e-commerce, facility location and network planning, vehicle routing, warehousing, inventory control.
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