Written for researchers and developers of three-dimensional modeling programs, this book examines the variety of existing systems while investigating the practical limitations of available software. From the table of contents: - Polyhedra - Boundary Models - A Small Language Modeler - The Algebraic Model - Computation of Algebraic Manifolds - Topol
Now in its fourth edition, Psychology and Law is a comprehensive guide to the complex interactions between psychology and criminal law. Andreas Kapardis explores contemporary psycho-legal issues both in and out of the courtroom, from eyewitness testimony, investigative interviewing, jury decision making, and sentencing as a human process, to restorative justice, terrorism, police prejudice and offender profiling. The book draws upon sources from Europe, North America and Australia to investigate the subjectivity and human fallibility inherent in our systems of justice. It suggests ways of minimising undesirable influences on judicial decision making, and discusses procedures for dealing with witnesses and suspects. Fully revised and with greater emphasis on relevant law, Psychology and Law remains the leading text on legal psychology for students and practitioners in psychology, law, criminology, social work and law enforcement.
This volume gives a detailed account into how renewables can be transformed into value-added products via homogeneous catalysis, especially via transiton metal homogeneous catalysis. The most important catalytic reactions of oleochemicals, isoprenoids, carbohydrates, lignin, proteins and carbon dioxide are described. Special emphasis is placed on carbon-carbon linkage reactions (hydroformylations, dimerisations, telomerisations, metathesis, polymerisations etc.), hydrogenations, oxidations and other important homogeneous reactions (such as isomerisations, hydrosilylations etc.). Also, tandem reactions including isomerising hydroformylations are presented. Wherever possible, the authors have included mechanistic, kinetic, and technical aspects. The reader is therefore given a total overview of the status quo of homogeneous catalysis directed to the most important renewables.
In Strategies of Compliance with the European Court of Human Rights, Andreas von Staden looks at the nature of human rights challenges in two enduring liberal democracies—Germany and the United Kingdom. Employing an ambitious data set that covers the compliance status of all European Court of Human Rights judgments rendered until 2015, von Staden presents a cross-national overview of compliance that illustrates a strong correlation between the quality of a country's democracy and the rate at which judgments have met compliance. Tracing the impact of violations in Germany and the United Kingdom specifically, he details how governments, legislators, and domestic judges responded to the court's demands for either financial compensation or changes to laws, policies, and practices. Framing his analysis in the context of the long-standing international relations debate between rationalists who argue that actions are dictated by an actor's preferences and cost-benefit calculations, and constructivists, who emphasize the influence of norms on behavior, von Staden argues that the question of whether to comply with a judgment needs to be analyzed separately from the question of how to comply. According to von Staden, constructivist reasoning best explains why Germany and the United Kingdom are motivated to comply with the European Court of Human Rights judgments, while rationalist reasoning in most cases accounts for how these countries bring their laws, policies, and practices into sufficient compliance for their cases to be closed. When complying with adverse decisions while also exploiting all available options to minimize their domestic impact, liberal democracies are thus both norm-abiding and rational-instrumentalist at the same time—in other words, they choose their compliance strategies rationally within the normative constraint of having to comply with the Court's judgments.
Advanced textbook presenting a well-founded introduction to the field, including didactical features like summary boxes and a Q&A section An Introduction to Redox Polymers for Energy-Storage Applications discusses fundamental aspects related to polymer-based batteries, such as types of batteries, their historic development, design and synthesis criteria of the active material, and summarizes the various types of redox polymers and their applications. Each chapter contains learning objectives, summary boxes, and questions and answers to allow for efficient exam preparation. In An Introduction to Redox Polymers for Energy-Storage Applications, readers will find detailed information on: Fundamental aspects of redox-active polymers, along with their historical classification, taking the key applications of the materials into account Energy-storage devices, containing polymers as the electrode active materials, and specific material requirements for the desired applications Classification of redox-active polymers, e.g., according to the nature of the actual redox-active moieties, their backbone structure, or topology Electrical conductivity of conjugated polymers, covering their most prominent representatives (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyacetylene) An Introduction to Redox Polymers for Energy-Storage Applications not only provides a well-founded introduction on polymers and batteries, but also covers the synthesis and applications of these materials, making it an excellent textbook for graduates, PhD students, and professionals who are starting in this field.
This classical textbook in the best sense of the word is now completely revised, updated and with more than 40% new content. The approved ordering system according to the ring size of the heterocycles has been retained, while the important chapter on 'Problems and their Solutions' has been almost completely renewed by introduction of up-to-date scientific exercises, resulting in a great tool for self-testing and exams. There was maintained a chapter on nomenclature and a helpful index of name reactions. With approximately 1,000 new literature citations, this book remains a brilliant gateway to modern heterocyclic science for master and graduate students, as well as PhDs and researchers entering the field. 'If you want quick information about the basic (or acidic!) properties of a heterocycle, some interesting facts, or an assorted few ways of making it, this book provides a welcoming, accurate, and concise introduction.' Angewandte Chemie IE 'Eicher and Hauptmann provide an up to date introduction to the field for the advanced undergraduate and graduate students. ... The book is carefully produced to a very high standard.' European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
The beginning of the Roman Catholic/Orthodox Theological dialogue during the 20th century raised to some high hopes for an imminent canonical unity between the two Denominations, and this, though premature, is not of course to be blamed; it is impossible for any contemporary Christian theologian not to suffer from the division within this very womb of the ontological unification of all things, which is the Church of Christ—precisely because this division gives to many the impression of a fragmentation of the Church’s very being and subsequently weakens her witness. Contents: 1. Manifesting Persons: A Church in Tension, ANDREW T.J. KAETHLER; 2. Ab astris ad castra: An Ignatian-MacIntyrean Proposal for Overcoming Historical and Political-Theological Difficulties in Ecumenical Dialogue, JARED SCHUMACHER; 3. Simon Peter in the Gospel according to John:His Historical Significance according to the Johannine Community’s Narrative, CHRISTOS KARAKOLIS; 4. The Scythian Monks’ Latin-cum-Eastern Approach to Tradition: A Paradigm for Reunifying Doctrines and Overcoming Schism, ANNA ZHYRKOVA; 5. Beauty is the Church’s Unity:Supernatural Finality, Aesthetics, and Catholic-Orthodox Dialogue, NORM KLASSEN; 6. Ecumenism and Trust: A Pope on Mount Athos, ANDREAS ANDREOPOULOS; 7. God’s Silence and Its Icons: A Catholic’s Experiences at Mount Athos and Mount Jamna, MARCIN PODBIELSKI; 8. Councils and Canons: A Lutheran Perspective on the Great Schism and the So-Called Eighth Ecumenical Council, JOHANNES BÖRJESSON; 9. Christological Or Analogical Primacy. Ecclesial Unity And Universal Primacy In The Orthodox Church, NIKOLAOS LOUDOVIKOS; 10. Ecumenism, Geopolitics, and Crisis, JOHN MILBANK; 11. Concluding Reflections on Mapping the Una Sancta. An Orthodox-Catholic Ecclesiology Today, MARCELLO LA MATINA;
In recent years, the utilization of terpyridines both in macromolecular structure assembly and device chemistry has exploded, enabling, for example, supramolecular polymer architectures with switchable chemical and physical properties as well as novel functional materials for optoelectronic applications such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Further applications include the usage of terpyridines and their metal complexes as catalysts for asymmetric organic reactions and, in a biological context, as anti-tumor agents or biolabels. This book covers terpyridine-based materials topics ranging from syntheses, chemistry, and multinuclear metal complexes, right up to functionalized polymers, 3D-architectures, and surfaces. Aimed at materials scientists, (in)organic chemists, polymer chemists, complex chemists, physical chemists, biochemists, and libraries.
No Hamlets is the first critical account of the role of Shakespeare in the intellectual tradition of the political right in Germany from the founding of the Empire in 1871 to the 'Bonn Republic' of the Cold War era. In this sustained study, Andreas Höfele begins with Friedrich Nietzsche and follows the rightist engagement with Shakespeare to the poet Stefan George and his circle, including Ernst Kantorowicz, and the literary efforts of the young Joseph Goebbels during the Weimar Republic, continuing with the Shakespeare debate in the Third Reich and its aftermath in the controversy over 'inner emigration' and concluding with Carl Schmitt's Shakespeare writings of the 1950s. Central to this enquiry is the identification of Germany and, more specifically, German intellectuals with Hamlet. The special relationship of Germany with Shakespeare found highly personal and at the same time highIy political expression in this recurring identification, and in its denial. But Hamlet is not the only Shakespearean character with strong appeal: Carl Schmitt's largely still unpublished diaries of the 1920s reveal an obsessive engagement with Othello which has never before been examined. Interest in German philosophy and political thought has increased in recent Shakespeare studies. No Hamlets brings historical depth to this international discussion. Illuminating the constellations that shaped and were shaped by specific appropriations of Shakespeare, Höfele shows how individual engagements with Shakespeare and a whole strand of Shakespeare reception were embedded in German history from the 1870s to the 1950s and eventually 1989, the year of German reunification.
Wilhelm Wagner (1803-1877), son of Peter Wagner, was born in Dürkheim, Germany. He married Friedericke Odenwald (1812-1893). They had nine children. They emigrated and settled in Illinois. His brother, Julius Wagner (1816-1903) married Emilie M. Schneider (1820-1896). They had seven children. They emigrated and settled in Texas.
The Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen (locally referred to as Svalbard) is an antidote to modern-day life. Svalbard: The Bradt Travel Guide introduces ecotravelers to this fascinating part of the world; its intriguing land features, and the magical display of northern lights make it ideal for cruises, wilderness exploration, wildlife watching, and extreme sports. The guide is packed with essential information on travel preparations and local knowledge for those braving the Arctic elements. This guide features: >All the islands of the region that make up Svalbard territory, including Franz Josef Land and the tiny volcanic island of Jan Mayen >Nature and conservation, including polar bears, Arctic foxes, reindeer, and migratory birds >A survival guide to the Arctic with advice on getting outfitted for exploration >Getting there and traveling around, cruise options and internal travel by skidoos and sleds >A wide range of sports, including climbing, hiking, trekking, skiing, riding, and hunting >A background to the climate and geology of the region
The strengths of international investment law - above all, a strong focus on investor interests and an effective adjudication and enforcement system - also entail its weaknesses: it runs the danger of impeding or even sanctioning the host states' legitimate regulatory interests and ignoring other fields of public international law. How does it cope with public interest concerns such as human rights, the environment or the fight against corruption? At the heart of this book lies a fresh approach towards a general theory of such global public interest considerations in the investment realm. Delineating how and why those considerations matter, and why the current system does not accommodate them properly, Andreas Kulick fleshes out general principles and customary international law as defences the host state may raise against alleged investor rights infringements and promotes proportionality as the appropriate balancing mechanism.
Many online applications, especially in the financial industries, are running on blockchain technologies in a decentralized manner, without the use of an authoritative entity or a trusted third party. Such systems are only secured by cryptographic protocols and a consensus mechanism. As blockchain-based solutions will continue to revolutionize online applications in a growing digital market in the future, one needs to identify the principal opportunities and potential risks. Hence, it is unavoidable to learn the mathematical and cryptographic procedures behind blockchain technology in order to understand how such systems work and where the weak points are. Cryptographic Primitives in Blockchain Technology provides an introduction to the mathematical and cryptographic concepts behind blockchain technologies and shows how they are applied in blockchain-based systems. This includes an introduction to the general blockchain technology approaches that are used to build the so-called immutable ledgers, which are based on cryptographic signature schemes. As future quantum computers will break some of the current cryptographic primitive approaches, Andreas Bolfing considers their security and presents the current research results that estimate the impact on blockchain-based systems if some of the cryptographic primitive break. Based on the example of Bitcoin, he shows that weak cryptographic primitives pose a possible danger for the ledger, which can be overcome through the use of the so-called post-quantum cryptographic approaches.
On the football pitches of his hometown Hamburg, Andreas Brehme, like many other kids his age, dreamt of one day playing alongside his idols from the German national team. Who would have thought back then, that years later he would be inducted into the Hall of Fame for German football alongside iconic names like Uwe Seeler, Günter Netzer, Lothar Matthäus, and Franz Beckenbauer? In his autobiography »Sure-Footed« Andreas Brehme recounts his beginnings as an amateur footballer, his first Bundesliga stints in Kaiserslautern and at Bayern Munich, and his great successes with Inter Milan and the national team. The man who made Germany world champions with his legendary penalty kick in the 1990 World Cup final against Argentina gives an interesting insight into football in the 80s and 90s and shares his views on the current state of world football.
This book explores the role of caravan transport and human porterage in the colony of German East Africa (present-day mainland Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi). With caravan mobility being of pivotal importance to colonial rule during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the exploration of vernacular transport and its governance during this period sheds new light on the trajectories of colonial statehood. The author addresses key questions such as the African resilience to colonial interventions, the issue of labor recruitment, and the volatility of colonial infrastructure. This book unveils a fundamental contradiction in the way that German administrators dealt with precolonial modes of transport in East Africa. While colonizers championed for the abolishment of caravan transport, they strongly depended on porters in the absence of pack animals or railways. To bring this contradiction to the fore, the author studies the shifting role of caravans in East Africa during the era of ‘high imperialism.’ Uncovering the extent to which porters and caravan entrepreneurs challenged and shaped colonial policymaking, this book provides an insightful read for historians studying German Empire and African history, as well as those interested in the history of transport and infrastructure.
This book revisits the theoretical and psycholinguistic controversies centred around the intriguing nature of idioms and proposes a more systematic cognitive-linguistic model of their grammatical status and use. Whenever speakers vary idioms in actual discourse, they open a linguistic window into idiomatic creativity – the complex cognitive processing and representation of these heterogeneous linguistic constructions. Idiomatic creativity therefore raises two challenging questions: What are the cognitive mechanisms that underlie and shape idiom-representation? How do these mechanisms define the scope and limits of systematic idiom-variation in actual discourse? The book approaches these problems by means of a comprehensive cognitive-linguistic architecture of meaning and language and analyses them on the basis of corpus-data from the British National Corpus (BNC). Therefore, Idiomatic Creativity should be of great interest to cognitive linguists, phraseologists, corpus linguists, advanced students of linguistics, and all readers who are interested in the fascinating interplay of language and cognitive processing.This book has a companion website: www.idiomatic-creativity.ch.
Müller cells make up just 0.005% of the cells in our central nervous system. They do not belong to the more esteemed family of neuronal cells but to the glia, a family of cells that until recently were seen as mere filling material between the neurons. Now, however, all that has changed. Sharing the insights of more than a quarter century of research into Müller cells, Drs. Andreas Reichenbach and Andreas Bringmann of Leipzig University make a compelling case for the central role Müller cells play. Everyone agrees that the eye is a very special and versatile sense organ, yet it has turned out in recent years that Müller cells are peculiar and multipotent glial cells. In the retina of most vertebrates and even of many mammals, Müller cells are the only type of (macro- ) glial cells; thus, they are responsible for a wealth of neuron-supportive functions that, in the brain, rely upon a division of labour among astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells. Even beyond such a role in the central nervous system as "model glia", Müller cells are adapted to several exciting roles in support of vision. They deliver the light stimuli to the photoreceptor cells in the inverted vertebrate retina, aid the processing of visual information, and are responsible for the homeostatic maintenance of the retinal extracellular milieu. In Müller Cells in the Healthy and Diseased Retina, aimed not just at neurobiologists but at anyone concerned with retinal degeneration, every angle of Müller cells is covered, from an introduction to their basic properties, through their roles as 'light cables' and 'shock absorbers', to the part they play in diseases and disorders of the eye. Once these have all been covered in detail, the authors move on to discuss the future direction of research into these small but potent cellular phenomena. About the Authors Dr. Andreas Reichenbach was born in 1950 in Leipzig, Germany. He studied medicine and specialized as a physiologist, working on the mammalian retina. Since 1984, he has focused his efforts - and those of a growing number of fellows in his team - on Müller cell research. He has held a professorship at Leipzig University since 1994. After studying biology, Dr. Andreas Bringmann (* 1960) worked in the field of systemic neurophysiology until he was inspired in 1996 by Andreas Reichenbach to research the most interesting cell, the Müller cell. He is now in the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Leipzig where he is the head of the Basic Research Laboratory
Construction systems reduced to the smallest possible number of identical elements have long been used by architects to build structures as well as dismantle and change them as quickly, efficiently, and economically as possible. Think of the architecture of the nomads, the Crystal Palace designed by the architect John Paxton for the London World’s Fair of 1851, or the modern construction systems of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in steel, concrete, and wood. Coupled with modern digital planning and production methods, modular precast construction systems that are adaptable for many combinations and capable of being combined with one other will play an increasingly important role in architecture in the future. The volume Components and Systems offers an in-depth and clearly organized presentation of the various types of precast building components – from semifinished products to building with components, open and closed systems, and skeleton and panel construction all the way to spatial cell constructions. The systems are accompanied by detailed drawings and color photographs. Discussions of transporting and assembling the various systems round off the topic and make this book an indispensable practical companion. Seit jeher werden in der Architektur auf möglichst wenige, gleiche Elemente reduzierte Bausysteme verwendet, um möglichst schnell, effizient und ökonomisch ein Bauwerk errichten oder auch abbauen und verändern zu können. Man denke an die Architektur der Nomaden, den Kristallpalast, der 1851 anlässlich der in London stattfindenden Weltausstellung von dem Architekten John Paxton entworfen wurde, oder die modernen Bausysteme des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts in Stahl, Beton oder Holz. Elementierte, vorgefertigte, für viele Kombinationen anpassungsfähige und untereinander kombinierbare Systeme werden zukünftig, gekoppelt mit modernen digitalen Planungs- und Produktionsmethoden, einen immer wichtigeren Aspekt in der Architektur darstellen. Der neue Band Elemente und Systeme zeigt fundiert und übersichtlich die verschiedenen Arten vorgefertigter Bauteile auf – von Halbfabrikaten über das Bauen mit Komponenten, offenen und geschlossenen Systemen, Skelett- und Paneelbauweisen bis zu Raumzellenkonstruktionen. Ergänzt werden die Systeme durch detaillierte Zeichnungen und Farbfotos. Transport und Montage der verschiedenen Systeme runden das Thema ab und machen dieses Buch in der Praxis unverzichtbar.
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Controlling, grade: 1,3, , course: Performance Benchmarking and Operations Research, language: English, abstract: The non-parametric approach is a common method for measuring the relative efficiency in the area of performance benchmarking and operations research. This approach does not require the a priori specification of a function. The estimation of the frontier of the production set only requires that the production set satisfies some properties, such as input and output factors. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is a non-parametric approach that uses mathematical programming to esti-mate production frontiers and calculus efficiency scores. The above technical explanation is necessary, as the present seminar paper deals with the application of the DEA approach in the field of the public transport. The objective of this paper is to review the state of the art in performance benchmarking in terms of different DEA-based framework and criteria to measure efficiency in the environments of public transport. To contribute to this goal, the ambition is to provide a systematic analysis of the performance criteria of the DEA models. Consequently, the main focus of this paper is to examine and classify the performance criteria.
A new edition of the most in-depth guide available to the most remote area of the Scandinavian Arctic, from ends-of-the-earth wilderness adventures to fascinating insight into the flora, fauna and natural landscapes. The perfect guide to the perfect bucket-list destination.
The Fovea: Structure, Function, Development, and Disease summarizes the current biological knowledge regarding the two types of the vertebrate fovea (and its main structural elements, the Müller cells). This information is then used to explain different aspects of human vision, foveal development, and macular disorders. Sections give an overview of the retinal structure and the different types of retinal glia, survey the structure and function of the primate and non-mammalian fovea types, discuss foveal development—with a focus on the human fovea, cover the roles of Müller cells and astrocytes in the pathogenesis and regeneration of various human macular disorders are described. Using a translational approach, this reference is a valuable text for scientists, clinicians and physicians interested in the fovea. Readers will gain a new understanding of the cellular basics of the fovea, which is the most important part of the eye. - Adopts a translational approach, summarizing the biological knowledge regarding the structure and function of the fovea, the roles of Müller cells in mediating the structural integrity, and function of the fovea - Provides overviews of both basic types of the vertebrate fovea, countering the popular belief that there is only one type of the vertebrate fovea, the human fovea - Thoroughly shows the mechanisms involved in the development of the fovea that explain the rapid improvement of visual acuity in newborns - Explains pathological changes in the foveal structure and function with evaluation pointing toward possible prevention and/or cure
English summary: Founded by Emil Meynen, edited by Andreas Bittmann in Cooperation with: the German Society for Geography, Austrian IGU-National Committee, and the Swiss Association for Geography/ Association Suisse de G�ographie. For over sixty years and in the 31st edition from Franz Steiner Publishers, the Geographic Pocketbook proves itself as a reference work: the clear list of geographic institutions, administrative authorities, organization and geographers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland makes the handbook indispensible for everything concerning geography. It has been updated and furnished with useful register and serves as a compact and reliable source. German description: Begruendet von Emil Meynen, herausgegeben von Andreas Dittmann im Einvernehmen mit: Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Geographie, �sterreichisches IGU-Nationalkomitee, Verband Geographie Schweiz / Association Suisse de G�ographie Seit ueber 60 Jahren und in der 31. Ausgabe im Franz Steiner Verlag bew�hrt sich das Geographische Taschenbuch als Nachschlagewerk: die uebersichtliche Auflistung geographischer Institutionen, Beh�rden, Organisationen und Geographen und Geographinnen in Deutschland, �sterreich und der Schweiz machen das Handbuch unentbehrlich fuer alle, die sich mit der Geographie befassen. Wieder aktualisiert und mit nuetzlichen Registern versehen, ist es eine kompakte und zuverl�ssige Quelle.
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