This book aims to provide expert guidance to researchers experienced in classical technology, as well as to those new to the field. A variety of perspectives on Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCFs) is presented together with a thorough treatment of the theoretical, physical and mathematical foundations of the optics of PCFs. The range of expertise of the authors is reflected in the depth of coverage, which will benefit those approaching the subject for a variety of reasons and from diverse backgrounds. The study of PCFs enables us to understand how best to optimize their applications in communication or sensing, as devices confining light via new mechanisms (such as photonic bandgap effects). It also assists us in understanding them as physically important structures which require a sophisticated mathematical analysis when considering questions related to the definition of effective refractive index, and the link between large finite systems and infinite periodic systems. This book offers access to essential information on foundation concepts of a dynamic and evolving subject. It is ideal for those who wish to explore further an emerging and important branch of optics and photonics./a
This book aims to provide expert guidance to researchers experienced in classical technology, as well as to those new to the field. A variety of perspectives on Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCFs) is presented together with a thorough treatment of the theoretical, physical and mathematical foundations of the optics of PCFs. The range of expertise of the authors is reflected in the depth of coverage, which will benefit those approaching the subject for a variety of reasons and from diverse backgrounds. The study of PCFs enables us to understand how best to optimize their applications in communication or sensing, as devices confining light via new mechanisms (such as photonic bandgap effects). It also assists us in understanding them as physically important structures which require a sophisticated mathematical analysis when considering questions related to the definition of effective refractive index, and the link between large finite systems and infinite periodic systems. This book offers access to essential information on foundation concepts of a dynamic and evolving subject. It is ideal for those who wish to explore further an emerging and important branch of optics and photonics./a
The focus of this book lies at the meeting point of electromagnetic waveguides and photonic crystals. Although these are both widely studied topics, they have been kept apart until recently. The purpose of the first edition of this book was to give state-of-the-art theoretical and numerical viewpoints about exotic fibres which use “photonic crystal effects” and consequently exhibit some remarkable properties.Since that first edition, photonic crystal fibres have become an important and effective optical device. In this second edition, the description of the theoretical and numerical tools used to study these fibres is enhanced, whilst up-to-date information about the properties, applications and fabrication of these fibres is added./a
Using France as the most representative case of a Catholic context, Bélanger argues that as French society became more secularized intellectuals replaced the clergy as arbitrators of justice and enlightenment. Catholic morality was consolidated by the scholastic tradition and confirmed by the Counter-Reformation, providing the foundation that allowed the establishment of a lay elite. Bélanger describes the progressive takeover of positions of influence by the new elite in Catholic society and examines arguments used by thinkers from the seventeenth to the twentieth century to legitimize their positions. In contrast, the Anglo-Saxon Protestant tradition, due to its emphasis on the priesthood of all believers, led to recognition of the individual's conscience as the sole judge of her or his deeds and failed to provide intellectuals with the basis for any claim to serve as moral leaders in political affairs. Straddling a variety of disciplines, this study will be interest to students of political science, sociology, philosophy, and history.
Interest in statistical methodology is increasing so rapidly in the astronomical community that accessible introductory material in this area is long overdue. This book fills the gap by providing a presentation of the most useful techniques in multivariate statistics. A wide-ranging annotated set of general and astronomical bibliographic references follows each chapter, providing valuable entry-points for research workers in all astronomical sub-disciplines. Although the applications considered focus on astronomy, the algorithms used can be applied to similar problems in other branches of science. Fortran programs are provided for many of the methods described.
During the past thirty years considerable efforts have been made to design the synthesis and the study of molecular semiconductors. Molecular semiconductors - and more generally molecular materials - involve interactions between individual subunits which can be separately synthesized. Organic and metallo-organic derivatives are the basis of most of the molecular materials. A survey of the literature on molecular semiconductors leaves one rather confused. It does seem to be very difficult to correlate the molecular structure of these semiconductors with their experimental electrical properties. For inorganic materials a simple definition delimits a fairly homogeneous family. If an inorganic material has a conductivity intermediate between that of an 12 1 1 3 1 1 insulator « 10- n- cm- ) and that of a metal (> 10 n- cm- ), then it is a semiconductor and will exhibit the characteristic properties of this family, such as junction formation, photoconductivity, and the photovoltaic effect. For molecular compounds, such simplicity is certainly not the case. A huge number of molecular and macromolecular systems have been described which possess an intermediate conductivity. However, the various attempts which have been made to rationalize their properties have, more often than not, failed. Even very basic electrical properties such as the mechanism of the charge carrier formation or the nature and the density ofthe dopants are not known in detail. The study of molecular semiconductor junctions is very probably the most powerful approach to shed light on these problems.
While the subject of environmental stress in animals is broad, the available information is fragmentary and lacks an up-to-date overview and analysis. Environmental Stress and Cellular Response in Arthropods fills these knowledge gaps. Written by three experts from the same institution, the chapters have a consistency not often found in mult
Filled with wise insights and discerning critiques, this up-to-date, authoritative guide covers hotels and restaurants throughout the whole of France. Gayot offers fearlessly discriminating reviews of the restaurants, brasseries, and bistros in Paris and its suburbs; descriptions of hotels, resorts, and country inns; and coverage of the restaurants and lodgings across the French countryside. 20 maps.
Three world-class destinations get the distinctive Gayot/Gault Millau treatment" Gayot/Gault Millau is famous for its witty reviews and reliable advice. These new editions of three classics continue the tradition of accuracy and thoroughness. Equally useful for first-time tourists and seasoned travelers, these guidebooks make ideal traveling companions. -- 2.5 million people travel from North America to France every year -- Features detailed listings of 4,000 of the best hotels and restaurants in France. Gayot's France offers readers a true portrait of the country, thoroughly covering its people, products, lifestyle, and culture. Revised and updated, this edition is an insider's guide that readers will want to carry wherever they go to make informed choices. It features: -- Everything readers need to know to travel, shop, or live in virtually every city or village -- Thorough introductions to each region, focusing on the most frequently visited areas -- Lively, informative descriptions of hotels, resorts, and country inns that tell it like it is -- or isn't -- Coverage of budget hotels and alternatives such as private homes and farms, new to this edition -- A multitude of invaluable shopping tips, discussing what to buy and where to buy it at the most reasonable prices Gayot's France is designed in an easy-to-read, well-organized format, with helpful indexes and detailed maps to make getting around as simple as possible.
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