Structured to meet employers’ needs for low-wage farm workers, the well-known Bracero Program recruited thousands of Mexicans to perform physical labor in the United States between 1942 and 1964 in exchange for remittances sent back to Mexico. As partners and family members were dispersed across national borders, interpersonal relationships were transformed. The prolonged absences of Mexican workers, mostly men, forced women and children at home to inhabit new roles, create new identities, and cope with long-distance communication from fathers, brothers, and sons. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources, Ana Elizabeth Rosas uncovers a previously hidden history of transnational family life. Intimate and personal experiences are revealed to show how Mexican immigrants and their families were not passive victims but instead found ways to embrace the spirit (abrazando el espíritu) of making and implementing difficult decisions concerning their family situations—creating new forms of affection, gender roles, and economic survival strategies with long-term consequences.
Between 1536 and 1601, at the request of the colonial administration of New Spain, indigenous artists crafted more than two hundred maps to be used as evidence in litigation over the allocation of land. These land grant maps, or mapas de mercedes de tierras, recorded the boundaries of cities, provinces, towns, and places; they made note of markers and ownership, and, at times, the extent and measurement of each field in a territory, along with the names of those who worked it. With their corresponding case files, these maps tell the stories of hundreds of natives and Spaniards who engaged in legal proceedings either to request land, to oppose a petition, or to negotiate its terms. Mapping Indigenous Land explores how, as persuasive and rhetorical images, these maps did more than simply record the disputed territories for lawsuits. They also enabled indigenous communities—and sometimes Spanish petitioners—to translate their ideas about contested spaces into visual form; offered arguments for the defense of these spaces; and in some cases even helped protect indigenous land against harmful requests. Drawing on her own paleography and transcription of case files, author Ana Pulido Rull shows how much these maps can tell us about the artists who participated in the lawsuits and about indigenous views of the contested lands. Considering the mapas de mercedes de tierras as sites of cross-cultural communication between natives and Spaniards, Pulido Rull also offers an analysis of medieval and modern Castilian law, its application in colonial New Spain, and the possibilities for empowerment it opened for the native population. An important contribution to the literature on Mexico's indigenous cartography and colonial art, Pulido Rull’s work suggests new ways of understanding how colonial space itself was contested, negotiated, and defined.
Winner of the Pegasus Prize for International Literature, this novel tells the history of a bitter family dispute, beginning in 18th century Caracas and spanning nearly two centuries. Translated from Spanish by Gregory Rabassa.
“Seductive… full of infectious vigor… these stories demand, above all, to be listened to.” —New York Times Book Review From Ana Castillo, the widely praised author of So Far from God and The Guardians, comes this collection of stories on the experience of love in all its myriad configurations. Infectiously moody and murderously comic, Castillo chronicles the rapturous beginnings, melancholy middles, and bittersweet endings of modern romance between men and women, men and men, and women and women.
In this building you will meet an ex-soldier and a woman in love, some dogs and a cat, a man who goes to a psychoanalyst, another man who doesn't open his eyes, and an angelic blonde, even its own super who keeps pet rabbits on the flat roof. And these stories are also a mental, literary building, equipped with stories that always go a little out of the way to end up somewhere else, as it would happen if you peeked through the windows and tried to decipher the world hidden behind the gestures of its inhabitants.
Sleep eludes Julia as she remembers her history, including her grandfather's inspirational revolutionary fervor, her self-centered mother, her overbearing grandmother, would-be boyfriends, and the haunting events of the past.
The Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar was clearly influenced by his predecessors John Keats and Edgar Allan Poe. However, to what extent? Which aspects of the two Romantics have been kept and which ones transformed by Cortázar's imagination? And is there a common bond in the works of Keats and Poe which is also the common denominator for their works? And why these particular images, themes, or ideas? This books tries to answer all these questions and is of interest to everyone who wants to know more about Cortázar.
Conventional wisdom portrays war zones as chaotic and anarchic. In reality, however, they are often orderly. This work introduces a new phenomenon in the study of civil war: wartime social order. It investigates theoretically and empirically the emergence and functioning of social order in conflict zones. By theorizing the interaction between combatants and civilians and how they impact wartime institutions, the study delves into rebel behavior, civilian agency and their impact on the conduct of war. Based on years of fieldwork in Colombia, the theory is tested with qualitative and quantitative evidence on communities, armed groups, and individuals in conflict zones. The study shows how armed groups strive to rule civilians, and how the latter influence the terms of that rule. The theory and empirical results illuminate our understanding of civil war, institutions, local governance, non-violent resistance, and the emergence of political order.
This book points to an emerging set of ideas and practices being developed by activists, scholars, and courts from a range of countries that reveals the potential of human rights to resolve other radical injustices and to build more robust civil society movements against inequality and deregulation. Numerous countries around the globe are witnessing a similar experience in their modern political contexts: democratic tools and human rights instruments—which have facilitated undeniable improvements in the lives of millions—are proving largely insufficient for preventing extreme forms of exclusion. In other words, while human rights have played a fundamental role in highlighting inequalities based on factors such as gender and ethnic and racial identity, they have coexisted alongside persistent socioeconomic injustices and the rise of authoritarian populist governments that are jeopardizing human rights institutions and principles worldwide. Against this panorama, some are arguing that the human rights movement is incapable of warding off social injustice, while others are calling for a separation of the human rights and social movements. This book offers a third way: it points to an emerging set of ideas and practices being developed by activists, scholars, and courts from a range of countries that reveals the potential of human rights to resolve other radical injustices and to build more robust civil society movements against inequality and deregulation. Descripción tomada de: https://www.dejusticia.org/publication/adressing-inequality-from-a-human-rights-perspective/
Frederick Jackson Turner Award Finalist Winner of the David Montgomery Award Winner of the Theodore Saloutos Book Award Winner of the Betty and Alfred McClung Lee Book Award Winner of the Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize Winner of the Américo Paredes Book Award “A deeply humane book.” —Mae Ngai, author of Impossible Subjects “Necessary and timely...A valuable text to consider alongside the current fight for DACA, the border concentration camps, and the unending rhetoric dehumanizing Mexican migrants.” —PopMatters “A deep dive into the history of Mexican migration to and from the United States.” —PRI’s The World In the 1970s, the Mexican government decided to tackle rural unemployment by supporting the migration of able-bodied men. Millions of Mexican men crossed into the United States to find work. They took low-level positions that few Americans wanted and sent money back to communities that depended on their support. They periodically returned to Mexico, living their lives in both countries. After 1986, however, US authorities disrupted this back-and-forth movement by strengthening border controls. Many Mexican men chose to remain in the United States permanently for fear of not being able to come back north if they returned to Mexico. For them, the United States became a jaula de oro—a cage of gold. Undocumented Lives tells the story of Mexican migrants who were compelled to bring their families across the border and raise a generation of undocumented children.
The Melitz model highlights the importance of the extensive margin (the number of firms exporting) for trade flows. Using the World Bank’s Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD) featuring firm-level exports from 50 countries, we find that around 50 percent of variation in exports is along the extensive margin—a quantitative victory for the Melitz framework. The remaining 50 percent on the intensive margin (exports per exporting firm) contradicts a special case of Melitz with Pareto-distributed firm productivity, which has become a tractable benchmark. This benchmark model predicts that, conditional on the fixed costs of exporting, all variation in exports across trading partners should occur on the extensive margin. We find that moving from a Pareto to a lognormal distribution allows the Melitz model to match the role of the intensive margin in the EDD. We use likelihood methods and the EDD to estimate a generalized Melitz model with a joint lognormal distribution for firm-level productivity, fixed costs and demand shifters, and use “exact hat algebra” to quantify the effects of a decline in trade costs on trade flows and welfare in the estimated model. The welfare effects turn out to be quite close to those in the standard Melitz-Pareto model when we choose the Pareto shape parameter to fit the average trade elasticity implied by our estimated Melitz-lognormal model, although there are significant differences regarding the effects on trade flows.
Migration policies are rarely effective. Examples of unintended and undesirable outcomes abound. In Latin America, very little is known about the impact and long-term sustainability of state policies towards emigrants. Following a world-wide trend, Ecuador, Uruguay, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil have developed new institutions and discourses to strengthen links; assist, protect and enfranchise migrants, and capture their resources. As an adaptation of governmental techniques to global realities, these policies redefine the contours of polities, nations, and citizenship, giving place to a new form of transnational governance. Building upon field research done in these five states and two receiving countries in the last decade, Ana Margheritis explains the timing, motivations, characteristics, and implications of emigration policies implemented by each country, as well as the emergence of a distinctive regional consensus around a post-neoliberal approach to national development and citizenship construction. Margheritis argues that these outreach efforts resemble courting practices. Courting is a deliberate expression of the ambivalent, still incipient, and open-ended relationship between states and diasporas which is not exempt of conflict, detours, and setbacks. For various reasons, state-diaspora relations are not unfolding into stable and fruitful partnerships yet. Thus, she makes "diaspora engagement" problematic and investigates to what extent courting might become engagement in each case. Studying emigration policies of five Latin American countries and migrant responses in Southern Europe sheds light on the political dynamics and governance mechanisms that transnational migration is generating across regions. It illuminates possible venues to manage multiple engagements of migrants with societies at both ends of their migration journey and unveils the opportunities for states and non-state actors to cooperatively manage of migration flows.
Ana Ruiz visits the monuments, architecture and archeological remains of early Madrid, tracing its evolution up until the Christian conquest in the late 11th century. This history gives special emphasis to Madrids Moorish origins, while savoring the piquant blend of Celtiberian, Roman and Visigoth elements that give it such a distinctive style. Now the capital of Spain, Madrid was originally founded as a modest fortress intended to protect nearby Toledo. It had just a small military population during the 9th and 10th centuries, as well as the Morería of the early Christian era, yet it evolved into an influential cultural center. The author highlights colorful personalities and shows how, throughout al-Andalus or Moorish Spain, Mayrit was a leader in pottery techniques, agricultural methods and hydraulic engineering. Amply illustrated, the book is a virtual portrait of the city and a virtual walking tour, offering specific information for those who wish to stroll the streets and visit archaeological, architectural and geographical sites that have been preserved. The author closes with etymological theories relating to terms and place-names appearing throughout the book, and provides historical and geographical background.
DARE YOU READ A DIFFERENT STORY? To read the first Spanish grip-lit and the most controversial? Guided by desperation and a mysterious diary from World War II, a mother will cross the line of good and evil. In a time where the fanaticism of the past is revived in the present. In a time where society is lost and “monsters” live in it. Travel with our special protagonist through the dark world of human trafficking, family sins, and the medical mafia. An agile and daring prose that warns us of the future. Social, historical, and contemporary novel. Combined with romance, mystery, adventure, thriller, and science fiction. A mixture of souls that gives rise to a story full of feelings and emotions, whose twists and turns show us that the complex can be really easy. Once you read the first page... YOU WILL BE ADDICTED. SYNOPSIS: A mother, prisoner of words, who would do anything to find her daughter... A journalist, prisoner of his heart, who would do anything for justice... A Tin God, prisoner of his revenge, who wishes he had done nothing... And a past that should never have been forgotten. When the strongest enemies are not men, but words... Can there be a winner? For the first time, the complete series in English and Spanish. A series whose Vol. I in paper format and in Spanish was tried to be censored for Europe by one of the largest companies in the world... Enjoy in this collection of a fantastic DISCUSSION GUIDE FOR READING CLUBS and a beautiful gift story. With Ana Daitán’s books, you get more than just books. You get “forbidden jewels that refuse to be silenced” and that... is INCALCULABLE. In addition, by purchasing this novel, you will get significant discounts on her consulting services.
The Holy Office of the Inquisition (a royal tribunal that addressed issues of heresy and offenses to morality) was established in Peru in 1570 and operated there until 1820. In this book, Ana E. Schaposchnik provides a deeply researched history of the Inquisition’s Lima Tribunal, focusing in particular on the cases of persons put under trial for crypto-Judaism in Lima during the 1600s. Delving deeply into the records of the Lima Tribunal, Schaposchnik brings to light the experiences and perspectives of the prisoners in the cells and torture chambers, as well as the regulations and institutional procedures of the inquisitors. She looks closely at how the lives of the accused—and in some cases the circumstances of their deaths—were shaped by actions of the Inquisition on both sides of the Atlantic. She explores the prisoners’ lives before and after their incarcerations and reveals the variety and character of prisoners’ religiosity, as portrayed in the Inquisition’s own sources. She also uncovers individual and collective strategies of the prisoners and their supporters to stall trials, confuse tribunal members, and attempt to ameliorate or at least delay the most extreme effects of the trial of faith. The Lima Inquisition also includes a detailed analysis of the 1639 Auto General de Fe ceremony of public penance and execution, tracing the agendas of individual inquisitors, the transition that occurred when punishment and surveillance were brought out of hidden dungeons and into public spaces, and the exposure of the condemned and their plight to an avid and awestricken audience. Schaposchnik contends that the Lima Tribunal’s goal, more than volume or frequency in punishing heretics, was to discipline and shape culture in Peru.
By showing how music intersected with wider cultural affairs, such as philosophy and criticism, this book connects music and the modern in eighteenth-century Spain within the context of Enlightenment thought. Histories of modern Europe often present late eighteenth-century Spain as a backward place, haunted by the Inquisition and struggling to keep pace with modernity. While Spain under Charles III (1759-1788) pushed for economic and cultural modernization, many elites and the public at large resisted Enlightenment ideas. For conservatives, the modern would in time show its fragility, and Spain would withstand the collapse thanks to its firm grounding in the pillars of monarchy, religion, and traditional forms of knowledge. One source of this solid foundation was long-established musical knowledge based on the rules of counterpoint. In contrast, modernizers argued that Spain could be true to its essence, yet modern and cosmopolitan at the same time: they favoured cosmopolitan genres, such as Italian opera and artistic expression rather than counterpoint rules. At other times, ambivalence toward modernity produced creative uses of music, such as reinterpretations of pastoral and sentimental topics to accommodate reformist political trends. To both sides, music was crucial to the integrity of the Spanish nation. Whether and how Spain became modern would in many ways be defined and reinforced by the kinds of music that Spaniards composed and witnessed on stage. Through the study of press debates, opera and musical theatre productions, this book shows how music intersected with wider cultural affairs, such as philosophy and criticism, medicine and the human body, civilization, Bourbon policy and sentimentality. Music and Modernity in Enlightenment Spain for the first time connects music and the modern in eighteenth-century Spain within the context of Enlightenment thought.
Composer, pianist, editor, writer, and pedagogue Mario Lavista (1943-2021) was a central figure of the cultural and artistic scene in Mexico and one of the leading Ibero-American composers of his generation. His music is often described as evocative and poetic, noted for his meticulous attention to timbre and motivic permutation, and his creative trajectory was characterized by its intersections with the other arts, particularly poetry and painting. Understanding analysis as an affective practice, this study explores the intertextual connections between the multiple texts-musical or otherwise-that are present in Lavista's music. It argues that, through adopting an interdisciplinary and transhistorical approach to music composition, Lavista forged a cosmopolitan imaginary to challenge imposed stereotypes of what Mexican music should sound like. This imaginary becomes a strategy of resistance against imperialist agendas placed upon postcolonial peripheries. Departing from traditional biographical and chronological frameworks that exalt masters and masterworks, this book offers a nuanced, personal narrative informed by conversations with composers, performers, artists, choreographers, poets, writers, and filmmakers. Implementing an innovative mosaic of methodologies, from archival work, to musical and intertextual analysis, oral history, and (auto)ethnography, this book is the first to offer a contextual framing of Lavista's career within a panoramic view of contemporary music practices in Mexico during the past fifty years"--
Colombia’s response to the country’s drug problem has been based on the repression of the weakest links in the drug chain—namely consumers and small farmers—which has led to disproportionate rates of imprisonment and has involved a heavy focus on forced crop eradication. Not only has such an approach failed to effectively control the cocaine market, but it has also unleashed harmful side effects in terms of security, social development, and human rights as they concern communities in coca-growing areas. Moreover, although scholars and practitioners have analyzed Colombia’s drug problem from a variety of perspectives, these efforts have tended to overlook women’s experiences. This report explores the ways that rural norms, gender structures, the armed conflict, and illegal markets have played out in the lives of women coca growers in Colombia’s Andes-Amazon region, an area distinguished by the presence of illegal armed groups, violence, poverty, and weak state institutions. In this region of Colombia, coca cultivation has offered an important source of income for rural families, which in turn has affected women’s roles in society and has placed them in a vulnerable position vis- à-vis armed actors. The Andes-Amazon region is an area where the country’s war on drugs and its armed conflict converged and unmasked the gender structures dominating the countryside. These structures affected rural women in various ways: through everyday violence, the fumigation of illicit and licit crops alike, and women’s stigmatization due to their involvement in an illegal trade. But coca was also a source of livelihood that helped them attain economic independence and gave them the ability to improve their well-being and that of their families. The recent peace accord signed between the Colombian government and the country’s main guerrilla group represents a historic opportunity to learn from past mistakes in terms of the illicit crop problem and the social and political demands of coca-growing communities. Against this backdrop, it is time to recognize the contributions that women coca growers have made in both the public and the private spheres toward the construction of a peaceful countryside in the most remote and forgotten regions of the country.
This book is about the construction and tranformation of peasant military colonists on Mexico's northern frontier from the late 18th through the early 20th century. Though the majority of the data comes from the pueblo of Namiquipa in the state of Chihuahua, the argument has broader implications for the study of northern Mexico, frontier societies, and our understanding of the northern armies in the 1910 Revolution. The study is rare for its integration of several levels, placing an analysis of gender and ethnicity within a specific historical period. The author demonstrates that a distinct kind of frontier serrano society was generated in Namiquipa between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries. In exchange for keeping the Apaches at bay, colonists were provided with arms and land grants. At the same time, they developed a gendered sense of ethnic identity that equated honor with land, autonomy, and a kind of masculinity that distinguished the "civilized" colonist from the "barbarous" Indian. While this identity was itself ordered hierarchically between men and women, and between "Hispanic" and "Indian," it also provided serranos with a sense of pride and dignity that was not directly associated with wealth. After the defeat of the Apaches, and with increased state control during the last decades of the Porfiriato, the serranos on the frontier were transformed from bulwarks of order to victims of progress. The expansion of capitalism and the manipulation of local political office by men no longer accountable to communal norms eroded the legitimacy of both powerholders and the central state. In response, serranos constructed an ideology of history based on past notions of masculine honor and autonomy. This ideology motivated their confrontations with the Mexican state during the 1890s and also served as the force behind their mobilization in the 1910 revolution.
In the early modern period, trade became a truly global phenomenon. The logistics, financial and organizational complexity associated with it increased in order to connect distant geographies and merchants from different backgrounds. How did these merchants prevent their partners from dishonesty in a time where formal institutions and legislation did not traverse these different worlds? This book studies the mechanisms and criteria of cooperation in early modern trading networks. It uses an interdisciplinary approach, through the case study of a Castilian long-distance merchant of the sixteenth century, Simon Ruiz, who traded within the limits of the Portuguese and Spanish overseas empires. Early Modern Trading Networks in Europe discusses the importance of reciprocity mechanisms, trust and reputation in the context of early modern business relations, using network analysis methodology, combining quantitative data with qualitative information. It considers how cooperation and prevention could simultaneously create a business relationship, and describes the mechanisms of control, policing and punishment used to avoid opportunism and deception among a group of business partners. Using bills of exchange and correspondence from Simon Ruiz‘s private archive, it charts the evolution of this business network through time, debating which criteria should be included or excluded from business networks, as well as the emergence of standards. This book intends to put forward a new approach to early modern trade which focusses on individuals interacting in self-organized structures, rather than on States or Empires. It shows how indirect reciprocity was much more frequent than direct reciprocity among early modern merchants and how informal norms, like ostracism and signalling, helped to prevent defection and deception in an effective way. This book will be of interest to all early modern historians, especially those with an interest
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides a systematic approach to legislation and legal practice concerning energy resources and production in Colombia. The book describes the administrative organization, regulatory framework, and relevant case law pertaining to the development, application, and use of such forms of energy as electricity, gas, petroleum, and coal, with attention as needed to the pervasive legal effects of competition law, environmental law, and tax law. A general introduction covers the geography of energy resources, sources and basic principles of energy law, and the relevant governmental institutions. Then follows a detailed description of specific legislation and regulation affecting such factors as documentation, undertakings, facilities, storage, pricing, procurement and sales, transportation, transmission, distribution, and supply of each form of energy. Case law, intergovernmental cooperation agreements, and interactions with environmental, tax, and competition law are explained. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for energy sector policymakers and energy firm counsel handling cases affecting Colombia. It will also be welcomed by researchers and academics for its contribution to the study of a complex field that today stands at the foreground of comparative law.
30 Days to Great Italian is a simple and fun course that will enhance your language skills in just weeks! Straightforward and effective teaching methods help students understand and speak Italian. Using a simple approach to grammar, 30 Days to Great Italian teaches what's really useful without nit-picking or employing technical jargon. The package includes a book and an audio CD, maps, cultural tips, and links to internet sites.
He suddenly looks up and their eyes meet. Adele smiles at Michael, and he returns it with another beautiful smile, although it is a sad smile. "When did he become so handsome?" Adele was a woman ahead of her time and Michael was conservative. Adele and Michael love each other, but must fight against the prejudice of London's high society. Will Michael let go of his traditions and love Adele back? The attraction between them is clear. Lots of passion and excitement in this breathtaking romance. You will be amazed at what love is capable of.
In Mexico and the world, the name Giovani dos Santos is synonymous with goals. From the time he was a child, his ability with the ball captivated all who saw him play. He won youth scoring titles seemingly at will, but it wasn't until 2005, when Dos Santos was 16, that he became a national hero by helping Mexico beat Brazil to capture the FIFA U-17 (under 17) World Championship. From that point on, the eyes of soccer fans have been on him. Dos Santos led Mexico to the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Football's 2009 Gold Cup title, and he was named player of the tournament. Two years later, a dazzling Dos Santos goal late in the final match locked up another Gold Cup for Mexico.
Five short stories by a Spanish writer. The title story is on two women communicating by staring, while The Dead is on an unhappy wedding anniversary. and index.
This book seeks to resolve an issue that has divided psychoanalysts and other scholars of aggression for decades, namely the nature of aggression. The work expands and unifies the Freudian drive-based explanation of aggression into contemporary psychoanalytic theory and practice and brings Freudian theory into the 21st Century.
The most trusted, all-in-one guide to fetal brain imaging—now in full color Edited and written by recognized experts, this acclaimed reference is a highly clinical text and visual atlas. It facilitates a thorough comprehension of the normal and abnormal fetal central nervous system—and helps you apply one of the most important advances in modern perinatology: the early detection of central nervous system anomalies. Here, you will find the full spectrum of prenatal sonography tools and insights, from using ultrasound and MRI to diagnose the fetal face, eye, and brain, to the neurobehavioral development of the fetal brain. Featuring a new full-color presentation and an enhanced, reader-friendly design, the third edition of this unmatched guide is completely refreshed to mirror the significant advances made in imaging resolution and three-dimensional Doppler technology. In addition, the book reflects the growing interest in imaging the fetal nervous system as it pertains to the fetal brain. FEATURES New full-color design and additional figures, tables, and graphs New chapter on ventriculomegaly examines the most common presenting sonographic sign of brain pathology New chapters on the evaluation of the fetal cortex and posterior fossa shed light on diagnostically problematic areas of the fetal brain New chapters highlighting intrauterine insults, intrauterine infections, and metabolic disorders demonstrate the progress being made in areas that have become critical to fetal neuroscans Greater emphasis on the use of high frequency and deep penetrating ultrasound transducer probes clearly explain how they can yield high-resolution pictures of the fetal brain and spine Latest perspectives on dissemination of 3D ultrasound techniques and magnetic resource imaging are interwoven into individual chapters to encourage their adoption in daily clinical practice More detailed examination of imaging the fetal brain is based on leading-edge, peer-reviewed research from around the world SI units are included throughout Numerous new 2D and 3D ultrasound images and updated literature references contribute to the most current overview available of this dynamic specialty
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