The book focuses on design technology of high-speed and high-performance direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) chip. The technologies involves phase to amplitude converter design, D/A converter design, phase accumulator design, multi-chip synchronization circuit design, etc. In each chapter, the concept of the technology is explained first, and then the features of different implementation schemes are introduced through the real design cases. More over, a design case of a 2.5GHz monolithic DDS in 0.18 μm CMOS which was designed by the authors are introduced in detail, which can help the reader understanding about the of DDS design deeply. The book is suitable for the readers who are interested to learn practical design technology in DDS. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of mix-signal IC design, communication engineering, electronics engineering, and radar engineering, etc.
The book provides a state-of-art overview of computational methods for nonlinear aeroelasticity and load analysis, focusing on key techniques and fundamental principles for CFD/CSD coupling in temporal domain. CFD/CSD coupling software design and applications of CFD/CSD coupling techniques are discussed in detail as well. It is an essential reference for researchers and students in mechanics and applied mathematics.
Mathematical physics plays an important role in the study of many physical processes — hydrodynamics, elasticity, and electrodynamics, to name just a few. Because of the enormous range and variety of problems dealt with by mathematical physics, this thorough advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level text considers only those problems leading to partial differential equations. Contents: I. Classification of Partial Differential Equations II. Evaluations of the Hyperbolic Type III. Equations of the Parabolic Type IV. Equations of Elliptic Type V. Wave Propagation in Space VI. Heat Conduction in Space VII. Equations of Elliptic Type (Continuation) The authors — two well-known Russian mathematicians — have focused on typical physical processes and the principal types of equations dealing with them. Special attention is paid throughout to mathematical formulation, rigorous solutions, and physical interpretation of the results obtained. Carefully chosen problems designed to promote technical skills are contained in each chapter, along with extremely useful appendixes that supply applications of solution methods described in the main text. At the end of the book, a helpful supplement discusses special functions, including spherical and cylindrical functions.
Transmigration was something that made one feel sorry for themselves even if they didn't survive it. Gu Qishao decided to let her down once. She said: In this era, it's better to be safe as a woman! Being dragged along by an angry aunt to marry him, Gu Qingcheng thought for a bit. All the brides in the novels and TV dramas were happy in the end. Then, I'll marry her! But no matter what, he had to find some benefits for himself before getting married!
A considerable number of problems in the statistics of random processes are formulated within the following scheme. On a certain probability space (Q, ff, P) a partially observable random process (lJ,~) = (lJ ~/), t :;::-: 0, is given with only the second component n ~ = (~/), t:;::-: 0, observed. At any time t it is required, based on ~h = g., ° s sst}, to estimate the unobservable state lJ/. This problem of estimating (in other words, the filtering problem) 0/ from ~h will be discussed in this book. It is well known that if M(lJ;)
Seventh Prince, do you see the smoky makeup I drew for you today?""Hongliang, Miss Qiao has an eyesight ailment. Take her back to the residence. I request that you accompany me to treat Miss Qiao.""Hey, Seventh Prince, don't go away yet. There's nothing wrong with my eyes, and I haven't slept for the whole night. I wrote a few poems for you, you can listen to them.""The seventh prince is the sky, the seventh prince is the earth, and the seventh prince is the radish and vegetables." Small cool is a flower, small cool is a treasure, small cool is that day fairy. "Ah — the flower and the radish with the fairy, a natural pair!"Just as she finished speaking, the purple-clothed servant girl stood beside the pink-clothed lady with big strides and also held up the cloth in her hand. She recited: "You are the number one marshal in the world, I am the prettiest in the world, you and I love each other and have a fat child to kiss!
Compiled by scholars at the court of Liu An, king of Huainan, in the second century B.C.E, The Huainanzi is a tightly organized, sophisticated articulation of Western Han philosophy and statecraft. Outlining "all that a modern monarch needs to know," the text emphasizes rigorous self-cultivation and mental discipline, brilliantly synthesizing for readers past and present the full spectrum of early Chinese thought. The Huainanzi locates the key to successful rule in a balance of broad knowledge, diligent application, and the penetrating wisdom of a sage. It is a unique and creative synthesis of Daoist classics, such as the Laozi and the Zhuangzi; works associated with the Confucian tradition, such as the Changes, the Odes, and the Documents; and a wide range of other foundational philosophical and literary texts from the Mozi to the Hanfeizi. The product of twelve years of scholarship, this remarkable translation preserves The Huainanzi's special rhetorical features, such as parallel prose and verse, and showcases a compositional technique that conveys the work's powerful philosophical appeal. This path-breaking volume will have a transformative impact on the field of early Chinese intellectual history and will be of great interest to scholars and students alike.
The aim of this work is to present in a unified approach a series of results concerning totally convex functions on Banach spaces and their applications to building iterative algorithms for computing common fixed points of mea surable families of operators and optimization methods in infinite dimen sional settings. The notion of totally convex function was first studied by Butnariu, Censor and Reich [31] in the context of the space lRR because of its usefulness for establishing convergence of a Bregman projection method for finding common points of infinite families of closed convex sets. In this finite dimensional environment total convexity hardly differs from strict convexity. In fact, a function with closed domain in a finite dimensional Banach space is totally convex if and only if it is strictly convex. The relevancy of total convexity as a strengthened form of strict convexity becomes apparent when the Banach space on which the function is defined is infinite dimensional. In this case, total convexity is a property stronger than strict convexity but weaker than locally uniform convexity (see Section 1.3 below). The study of totally convex functions in infinite dimensional Banach spaces was started in [33] where it was shown that they are useful tools for extrapolating properties commonly known to belong to operators satisfying demanding contractivity requirements to classes of operators which are not even mildly nonexpansive.
A global exploration of internet memes as agents of pop culture, politics, protest, and propaganda on- and offline, and how they will save or destroy us all. Memes are the street art of the social web. Using social media–driven movements as her guide, technologist and digital media scholar An Xiao Mina unpacks the mechanics of memes and how they operate to reinforce, amplify, and shape today’s politics. She finds that the “silly” stuff of meme culture—the photo remixes, the selfies, the YouTube songs, and the pun-tastic hashtags—are fundamentally intertwined with how we find and affirm one another, direct attention to human rights and social justice issues, build narratives, and make culture. Mina finds parallels, for example, between a photo of Black Lives Matter protestors in Ferguson, Missouri, raising their hands in a gesture of resistance and one from eight thousand miles away, in Hong Kong, of Umbrella Movement activists raising yellow umbrellas as they fight for voting rights. She shows how a viral video of then presidential nominee Donald Trump laid the groundwork for pink pussyhats, a meme come to life as the widely recognized symbol for the international Women’s March. Crucially, Mina reveals how, in parts of the world where public dissent is downright dangerous, memes can belie contentious political opinions that would incur drastic consequences if expressed outright. Activists in China evade censorship by critiquing their government with grass mud horse pictures online. Meanwhile, governments and hate groups are also beginning to utilize memes to spread propaganda, xenophobia, and misinformation. Botnets and state-sponsored agents spread them to confuse and distract internet communities. On the long, winding road from innocuous cat photos, internet memes have become a central practice for political contention and civic engagement. Memes to Movements unveils the transformative power of memes, for better and for worse. At a time when our movements are growing more complex and open-ended—when governments are learning to wield the internet as effectively as protestors—Mina brings a fresh and sharply innovative take to the media discourse.
Yi Hao was originally a peerless expert of the Everlasting Continent, but he was schemed to death by disciple Gong Yangjun. A thousand years after his rebirth, Gong Yangjun dominated the mainland. In this life, I will change my fate and take back what belongs to me!
Depth recovery is important in machine vision applications when a 3-dimensional structure must be derived from 2-dimensional images. This is an active area of research with applications ranging from industrial robotics to military imaging. This book provides the comprehensive details of the methodology, along with the complete mathematics and algorithms involved. Many new models, both deterministic and statistical, are introduced.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the numerical methods for the exterior problems in partial differential equations frequently encountered in science and engineering computing. The coverage includes both traditional and novel methods. A concise introduction to the well-posedness of the problems is given, establishing a solid foundation for the methods.
This is the most complete handbook on the quantum theory of angular momentum. Containing basic definitions and theorems as well as relations, tables of formula and numerical tables which are essential for applications to many physical problems, the book is useful for specialists in nuclear and particle physics, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, plasma physics, collision and reaction theory, quantum chemistry, etc. The authors take pains to write many formulae in different coordinate systems thus providing users with added ease in consulting this book. Each chapter opens with a comprehensive list of its contents to ease the search for any information needed later. New results relating to different aspects of the angular momentum thoery are also included. Containing close to 500 pages this book also gathers together many useful formulae besides those related to angular momentum. The book also compares different notations used by previous authors.
In her previous life, her family members were taken away and she lost her family members. That lowly man, Sis Fen, burned her to death. Mu Lele swore that if there was an afterlife, she would definitely send all of these people to hell! After her rebirth, she made money from gambling with stones to open a company. However, who could tell her who the heck was this arrogant man with a venomous mouth? She just accidentally met him, and ...
From the reviews: "... The book under review consists of two monographs on geometric aspects of group theory ... Together, these two articles form a wide-ranging survey of combinatorial group theory, with emphasis very much on the geometric roots of the subject. This will be a useful reference work for the expert, as well as providing an overview of the subject for the outsider or novice. Many different topics are described and explored, with the main results presented but not proved. This allows the interested reader to get the flavour of these topics without becoming bogged down in detail. Both articles give comprehensive bibliographies, so that it is possible to use this book as the starting point for a more detailed study of a particular topic of interest. ..." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, 1996
This textbook is based on a three-semester course of lectures given by the author in recent years in the Mechanics-Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University and issued, in part, in mimeographed form under the title Probability, Statistics, Stochastic Processes, I, II by the Moscow State University Press. We follow tradition by devoting the first part of the course (roughly one semester) to the elementary theory of probability (Chapter I). This begins with the construction of probabilistic models with finitely many outcomes and introduces such fundamental probabilistic concepts as sample spaces, events, probability, independence, random variables, expectation, corre lation, conditional probabilities, and so on. Many probabilistic and statistical regularities are effectively illustrated even by the simplest random walk generated by Bernoulli trials. In this connection we study both classical results (law of large numbers, local and integral De Moivre and Laplace theorems) and more modern results (for example, the arc sine law). The first chapter concludes with a discussion of dependent random vari ables generated by martingales and by Markov chains.
A brilliant cross-cultural interpretation of a key text of yoga philosophy The Yoga Sutrasof Patañjali is the foundational text of yoga philosophy, used by millions of yoga practitioners and students worldwide. Written in a question-and-answer format, The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali deals with the theory and practice of yoga and the psychological question of the liberation of the soul from attachments. This book is a new rendering into English of the Arabic translation and commentary of this text by the brilliant eleventh-century polymath al-Biruni. Given the many historical variants of the Yoga Sutras, his Kitab Batanjali is important for yoga studies as the earliest translation of the Sanskrit. It is also of unique value as an Arabic text within Islamic studies, given the intellectual and philosophical challenges that faced the medieval Muslim reader when presented with the intricacy of composition, interpretation, and allusion that permeates this translation. An English-only edition.
One of the core roles of a practising geotechnical engineer is to analyse and design foundations. This textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students covers the analysis, design and construction of shallow and deep foundations and retaining structures as well as the stability analysis and mitigation of slopes. It progressively introduces critical state soil mechanics and plasticity theories such as plastic limit analysis and cavity expansion theories before leading into the theories of foundation, lateral earth pressure and slope stability analysis. On the engineering side, the book introduces construction and testing methods used in current practice. Throughout it emphasizes the connection between theory and practice. It prepares readers for the more sophisticated non-linear elastic-plastic analysis in foundation engineering which is commonly used in engineering practice, and serves too as a reference book for practising engineers. A companion website provides a series of Excel spreadsheet programs to cover all examples included in the book, and PowerPoint lecture slides and a solutions manual for lecturers. Using Excel, the relationships between the input parameters and the design and analysis results can be seen. Numerical values of complex equations can be calculated quickly. non-linearity and optimization can be brought in more easily to employ functioned numerical methods. And sophisticated methods can be seen in practice, such as p-y curve for laterally loaded piles and flexible retaining structures, and methods of slices for slope stability analysis.
This book introduces an unified function approximation approach to the control of uncertain robot manipulators containing general uncertainties. It works for free space tracking control as well as compliant motion control. It is applicable to the rigid robot and the flexible joint robot. Even with actuator dynamics, the unified approach is still feasible. All these features make the book stand out from other existing publications.
Rama Panivada has composed the Kamsavaho to celebrate the incident of the slaying of Kamsa by Krsna. The author has given the biography of Krsna up to his slaying of Kamsa.The Inclusion of the Chaya and the addition of the English translation and the critical and explanatory notes would go a long way to facilitate the understanding of the text.
Semimartingale Theory and Stochastic Calculus presents a systematic and detailed account of the general theory of stochastic processes, the semimartingale theory, and related stochastic calculus. The book emphasizes stochastic integration for semimartingales, characteristics of semimartingales, predictable representation properties and weak convergence of semimartingales. It also includes a concise treatment of absolute continuity and singularity, contiguity, and entire separation of measures by semimartingale approach. Two basic types of processes frequently encountered in applied probability and statistics are highlighted: processes with independent increments and marked point processes encountered frequently in applied probability and statistics. Semimartingale Theory and Stochastic Calculus is a self-contained and comprehensive book that will be valuable for research mathematicians, statisticians, engineers, and students.
The development of modern technologies has enlarged the scope of quality, to include aspects concerning the time varying performances of systems. The general property of a system, to conserve its performance in time, is known as reliability. The concept of reliability, developed on the basis of electronic technology, can be generalized to describe any system, be it technical, biological or even social. This work is concerned with technological systems, but many of its ideas can be applied successfully outside the purely technical field. A comprehensive treatment of the various models and methodologies employed in the reliability field is given. The mathematical, physical and engineering concepts related to reliability are presented from a unitary point of view. Moreover, the book provides the theoretical background for the methodologies of reliability assurance and assessment. A global model of system reliability is specified by classical estimation of its parameters from experimental data. The practical difficulties related to the amount of data needed for an accurate estimation is examined in detail.A major improvement on the accuracy of a model is provided by the application of Bayesian statistical theory, thereby making use of all the information available on the reliability of the system. The next section describes the relationship between reliability and stress. It introduces the models of reliability extrapolation and the theory of accelerated life tests. The global model is extended to systems that are subject to renewal and leads to specific reliability indices of system effectiveness. A comparison is given on structural models of system reliability together with the appropriate methods of analysis. The limitations and the areas of application of different models are clearly outlined.The book maintains a good balance between the theoretical and the practical point of view. It is sufficiently theoretical to cover most technical systems, but is not restricted to purely mathematical aspects. The interpretations and the applications of the models are presented in detail, enabling the practitioner to make direct use of many results.
Large populations of interacting active elements, periodic or chaotic, can undergo spontaneous transitions to dynamically ordered states. These collective states are characterized by self-organized coherence revealed by full mutual synchronization of individual dynamics or the formation of multiple synchronous clusters. Such self-organization phenomena are essential for the functioning of complex systems of various origins, both natural and artificial. This book provides a detailed introduction to the theory of collective synchronization phenomena in large complex systems. Transitions to dynamical clustering and synchronized states are systematically discussed. Such concepts as dynamical order parameters, glass like behavior and hierarchical organization are presented.
Chemical physics and physical chemistry are closely related fields of study. Together they are distinguished from other disciplines by the incredible range of problems addressed by their practitioners. An effective physical chemist or chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades," able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. This new book gathers research from around the world presenting important new developments.
Originally published in 1940 this book focusses on the three main groups of Eastern Sudanic languages, namely Moru-Madi, Bong-Baka-Bagirmi and Ndogo-Sere. The term 'Eastern Sudanic Languages' is used here primarily in a geographical sense: the dialects in the Southern Sudan form the eastern boundary of sudanic speech, where it borders on the Nilotic wedge which, in turn divides it from Hamitic speech. Despite being described because of their geographical position, the languages discussed in this book will be grouped linguistically under the names of their best known representative dialects. As well as providing some history of the Eastern Sudanic tribes, this book also contains sections on vocabulary and grammar.
In this book, we collected recent results on the control of underactuated mechanical systems subject to internal uncertainties and external disturbances. The strategy developed is so universal that it is not restricted to a specific system but a large class of underactuated systems. Several benchmark systems are studied in this book, including detailed literature review, system dynamics derivation, control problem formulation, and simulation verification. The control strategy developed in chapter 4 is able to stabilize all these benchmark systems with satisfactory performance regardless of the underactuated dynamics and various uncertainties. The book is written as a text suitable for graduate students in the advanced course for the control of underactuated systems. It also provides valuable tools for researchers and practicing engineers working on the control of underactuated mechanical systems.
Rotan!" he cried. "The Howling Wind Sect! innately born Special Ability! The Purple Demon Eyes!" He had been born with a divine ability — the Samsara cultivation method. Accompanied by it was a natural, bizarre escape technique, 'Flaming Evasion'. In addition, Luo Teng's physique was a powerful physique that had never appeared before in all of history — — Huang Gu Sheng's physique. A single body of cultivation was enough to suppress all the heroes! Blue Lotus, East Emperor Bell, a top-notch Divine Artifact in the world. The might of the Reincarnation Halberd shook the four directions, sweeping everything before it. The White Tiger Sable followed by his side with a smile on its face."The many ancient gods followed behind him, watching to see how Rotan would become an overlord of his generation. He would become the overlord of this world, the Celestial Emperor Luo Teng. Di Shitian, the unparalleled ruler of this world, would be reborn, and the Venerable One of Shakyamuni would be reborn ...
An imperial edict bestowed upon the young lady of the Shang Dynasty the marriage of an imperial concubine. It would be a great favor to have the daughter of an imperial concubine become the official wife of the Emperor; however, the entire Shang clan and even the entire capital felt sympathy for this unheard-of young lady.There was no other reason. It was said that Duanren Emperor was fierce and merciless, that he could stop children from crying at night, and that was even worse. He had a strange fetish, which was to suck the blood of young girls and scare to death a few of Duanren Wangfei's candidates.This wasn't the worst part of it, the most important part was that King Duanren had been in bed for three months, his life and death was uncertain, and he desperately needed a bride.This person was Shen Qi.She felt that she must be the most tragic woman in the world. There was no free lunch in this world, so she had to pay a price for her whole life.
This book systematically presents energy-efficient robust fusion estimation methods to achieve thorough and comprehensive results in the context of network-based fusion estimation. It summarizes recent findings on fusion estimation with communication constraints; several novel energy-efficient and robust design methods for dealing with energy constraints and network-induced uncertainties are presented, such as delays, packet losses, and asynchronous information... All the results are presented as algorithms, which are convenient for practical applications.
The famous Codex Vaticanus is currently regarded as one of the most essential sources for reconstructing the Greek New Testament text. Although it had already been used by textual critics in the sixteenth century, the manuscript only rose to the prominent status it now holds during the nineteenth century. In this volume, Yi writes an extensive scholarly history of Codex Vaticanus and describes its changing perceptions among scholars, beginning from Desiderius Erasmus until its editio princeps prepared by Angelus Maius. By examining critical editions, analysing monographs and articles, considering book reviews and pamphlets, and delving into archive collections, Yi delineates the stages of the manuscript's progression from an ancient manuscript held at the Vatican Library to its designation as the 'Codex Vaticanus'. It is a study of the many individuals and their stories surrounding this very manuscript, stories about accessibility and the dissemination of knowledge, authority and head-on collisions between the most learned critics, and of continuity and changing paradigms in scholarship. All in all, this book sets out how Codex Vaticanus became the manuscript par excellence in the history of New Testament textual scholarship.
This book gives a systematic introduction to the basic theory of financial mathematics, with an emphasis on applications of martingale methods in pricing and hedging of contingent claims, interest rate term structure models, and expected utility maximization problems. The general theory of static risk measures, basic concepts and results on markets of semimartingale model, and a numeraire-free and original probability based framework for financial markets are also included. The basic theory of probability and Ito's theory of stochastic analysis, as preliminary knowledge, are presented.
Human activities are depleting ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. In spite of nature conservation efforts worldwide, many ecosystems including those critical for human well-being have been damaged or destroyed. States and citizens need a new vision of how humans can reconnect with the natural environment. With its focus on the long-term holistic recovery of ecosystems, ecological restoration has received increasing attention in the past decade from both scientists and policymakers. Research on the implications of ecological restoration for the law and law for ecological restoration has been largely overlooked. This is the first published book to examine comprehensively the relationship between international environmental law and ecological restoration. While international environmental law (IEL) has developed significantly as a discipline over the past four decades, this book enquires whether IEL can now assist states in making a strategic transition from not just protecting and maintaining the natural environment but also actively restoring it. Arguing that states have international duties to restore, this book offers reflections on the philosophical context of ecological restoration and the legal content of a duty to restore from an international law, European Union law and national law perspective. The book concludes with a discussion of several contemporary themes of interest to both lawyers and ecologists including the role of private actors, protected areas and climate change in ecological restoration.
Major survey offers comprehensive, coherent discussions of analytic geometry, algebra, differential equations, calculus of variations, functions of a complex variable, prime numbers, linear and non-Euclidean geometry, topology, functional analysis, more. 1963 edition.
... there is nothing so enthralling, so grandiose, nothing that stuns or captivates the human soul quite so much as a first course in a science. After the first five or six lectures one already holds the brightest hopes, already sees oneself as a seeker after truth. I too have wholeheartedly pursued science passionately, as one would a beloved woman. I was a slave, and sought no other sun in my life. Day and night I crammed myself, bending my back, ruining myself over my books; I wept when I beheld others exploiting science fot personal gain. But I was not long enthralled. The truth is every science has a beginning, but never an end - they go on for ever like periodic fractions. Zoology, for example, has discovered thirty-five thousand forms of life ... A. P. Chekhov. "On the road" In this book a start is made to the "zoology" of the singularities of differentiable maps. This theory is a young branch of analysis which currently occupies a central place in mathematics; it is the crossroads of paths leading from very abstract corners of mathematics (such as algebraic and differential geometry and topology, Lie groups and algebras, complex manifolds, commutative algebra and the like) to the most applied areas (such as differential equations and dynamical systems, optimal control, the theory of bifurcations and catastrophes, short-wave and saddle-point asymptotics and geometrical and wave optics).
This book has re-visited two distinctive patterns, namely pottery and millet, the movement of both of which conflict with conventional narratives concerning prehistoric trans-Eurasian exchange. The significance of this lies beyond the simple matter of chronology, but rests on the relationship between the movement of agricultural resources and of other items of material culture. Studies on early west–east interaction have attracted researchers from various disciplines, such as archaeology, history, Asian studies, art history, etc. Pursuing an archaeological approach, the book re-examines two of the earliest evidences of trans-Eurasian cultural exchange. The book is intended for researchers who are interested in prehistory, archaeobotany, pottery studies and comparative studies of early civilizations.
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