Contentious behavior among biological sisters frequently contradicts ideals of sisterhood in novels by women. Additionally, feminist criticism, focusing on almost every imaginable relationship involving women, has all but ignored sisters. Amy K. Levin's The Suppressed Sister studies these circumstances, their causes and consequences. How and why is the sister bond suppressed in favor of sisterhood?" "Answers to this question may be found in female psychology, social expectations, and patriarchal myths and stories. The tales of Cinderella and Psyche are paradigmatic, providing models of female competition and inscribing a conclusion that replaces sisterly closeness with heterosexual romance." "Jane Austen's sister plot is based on these models. Her characters divide into pairs and adopt complementary personalities, but polarization does not erase competition; instead, marriage erects social and economic barriers which enforce role divisions." "In Wives and Daughters, Cranford, and The Life of Charlotte Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell shows the danger of too close an attachment to the paternal home. She, too, emphasizes differences, revealing how they ultimately lead siblings to seek a sisterhood outside the family." "In Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch, and Daniel Deronda, George Eliot paints increasingly negative portraits of sisters, indicating that female siblings create differences where few or none exist. These denials of similarity heighten the heroines' isolation." "Twentieth-century novelists, including Barbara Pym, Elizabeth Jane Howard, and Margaret Drabble, revise their predecessors' texts, drafting a plot "after" the father's. They reject rules governing female behavior and question the expectation that women must get along with one another." "Finally, Emma Tennant's Bad Sister, together with several recent American novels, abandons the conventions of the realistic novel, challenging the very concept of character. Tennant undermines all distinctions, including those that treat sisters as separate individuals and those that classify certain behaviors as "good" or "bad."" "These novels show a progression that has been ignored or suppressed by feminist critics, many of whom long for an idyll of sisterhood inherited from nineteenth-century portraits of the "angel in the house." In denying anger or antagonism, women cut off a part of themselves, just as Cinderella's stepsisters amputate their toes to fit in her brittle glass slipper. Levin's book questions the rationale behind such self-destruction."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
This volume of Advances in Teacher Education is about beliefs held by teachers and addresses the important topic of teacher beliefs from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. Most of the authors who have contributed to this collection of essays assume that beliefs are propositions that are felt to be true by the person embracing them, but that do not necessarily rest on the kind of evidence that justifies the use of the term “knowledge.” Teacher beliefs are an important topic because it is hypothesized that teachers and teacher candidates use them to shape the information they receive from formal teacher preparation and to direct subsequent decision-making in the classroom.
Asthma is a disease that affects the lungs. It causes repeated episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and night-time or early morning coughing. Tens of millions of people throughout the world suffer from asthma. Airways are the paths that carry air to the lungs. As the air moves through the lungs, the airways become smaller, like branches of a tree. During an attack, the sides of the airways in the lungs become inflamed and swollen. Muscles around the airways tighten, and less air passes in and out of the lungs. Excess mucus forms in the airways, clogging them even more. The attack, also called an episode, can include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble breathing. Environmental exposures, such as house dust mites and environmental tobacco smoke, are important triggers of an attack. This book presents important new research on the causes on asthma as well as its diagnosis and treatment.
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