The Present Book, Concise Encyclopaedia Of India, Is A Compendium Of Diverse Aspects Of India Which Is One Of The Oldest Civilisations With A Kaleidoscopic Variety, Rich Cultural Heritage And Multifaceted Socio-Economic Progress. The Idea Behind Bringing Out This Book Is To Help One And All In Understanding The Country And Its Unity In Diversity. In Its Three Volumes, The Encyclopaedia Encompasses A Remarkably Wide Range Of Topics Related To India Its History, Physiography, People, Population, National Symbols, National Leaders, Languages And Literatures, Art, Culture, Defence, Education, Economy, Polity, Foreign Policy And Relations, Scientific And Technological Developments, Law And Justice, Sports, Festivals, Transport, Communication And Related Activities. In Addition, A Profile Of All Its 28 States And 7 Union Territories Has Also Been Provided. Furthermore, It Provides An Accessible, Authoritative Account Of The Latest Developments Made In Varied Fields Alongwith The Data From The Central And State Governments, Their Establishments, Constitutional Bodies, Autonomous And Semi-Autonomous Bodies And The Like.The Book Is Comprehensive, Self-Contained And User-Friendly, As The Emphasis Throughout Is On Ensuring That Readers, Particularly Students, Receive Worthwhile, Authentic Information Instead Of Irrelevant And Outdated Details. It Will Definitely Prove An Invaluable Reference Book To Students Of Different Educational Levels And Candidates Preparing For Civil Services Examinations Or Other Competitive Exams And Interviews For Various Jobs. Besides Students, The Researchers, Executives In Government And Private Sector And Also The Common Man Will Find It Highly Informative.
This book offers a unique re-conceptualization of Marxism in bringing together leading scholars across disciplines — history, philosophy, economics, politics, sociology, and literary and culture studies — into one comprehensive corpus. It demonstrates the engaging relevance of the perspectives and techniques of the analyses adopted by Karl Marx, Frederich Engels and contemporary Marxists, and will be immensely useful to scholars and researchers across social sciences as well as general readers interested in Marxism.
Build machine and deep learning systems with the newly released TensorFlow 2 and Keras for the lab, production, and mobile devices Key FeaturesIntroduces and then uses TensorFlow 2 and Keras right from the startTeaches key machine and deep learning techniquesUnderstand the fundamentals of deep learning and machine learning through clear explanations and extensive code samplesBook Description Deep Learning with TensorFlow 2 and Keras, Second Edition teaches neural networks and deep learning techniques alongside TensorFlow (TF) and Keras. You’ll learn how to write deep learning applications in the most powerful, popular, and scalable machine learning stack available. TensorFlow is the machine learning library of choice for professional applications, while Keras offers a simple and powerful Python API for accessing TensorFlow. TensorFlow 2 provides full Keras integration, making advanced machine learning easier and more convenient than ever before. This book also introduces neural networks with TensorFlow, runs through the main applications (regression, ConvNets (CNNs), GANs, RNNs, NLP), covers two working example apps, and then dives into TF in production, TF mobile, and using TensorFlow with AutoML. What you will learnBuild machine learning and deep learning systems with TensorFlow 2 and the Keras APIUse Regression analysis, the most popular approach to machine learningUnderstand ConvNets (convolutional neural networks) and how they are essential for deep learning systems such as image classifiersUse GANs (generative adversarial networks) to create new data that fits with existing patternsDiscover RNNs (recurrent neural networks) that can process sequences of input intelligently, using one part of a sequence to correctly interpret anotherApply deep learning to natural human language and interpret natural language texts to produce an appropriate responseTrain your models on the cloud and put TF to work in real environmentsExplore how Google tools can automate simple ML workflows without the need for complex modelingWho this book is for This book is for Python developers and data scientists who want to build machine learning and deep learning systems with TensorFlow. This book gives you the theory and practice required to use Keras, TensorFlow 2, and AutoML to build machine learning systems. Some knowledge of machine learning is expected.
This book describes in detail various aspects of fluoride toxicity in animals. Animals, like human beings, suffer from the toxic effects of excess fluoride intake. They show pathological changes in their teeth and bone, together with a marked reduction in appetite, productive and reproductive potentials, which can result in severe economic losses in the dairy industry. Laboratory and wild animals also suffer from this ailment. Animal suffering and economic losses alike can be minimized through early diagnosis of the problem and by adopting suitable preventive and therapeutic measures. The book details the susceptibility of different animal species, important sources of toxicity, clinical signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, preventive and therapeutic approaches. It offers a valuable resource for scientists working in the fields of toxicology, veterinary science, animal nutrition, and environmental science, as well as for public health workers, animal welfare activists, public health veterinarians, field veterinarians, medical professionals and all others interested in the subject.
This text discusses the principal political and constitutional questions that have arisen in the states of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka following fifty years of independence. In Sri Lanka the pressing problems have been around the inter-ethnic civil war, experiments with constitutional designs, widespread prevalence of corruption and the recrudescence of Buddhist militancy. In India it has been corruption, Hindu nationalism and general political instability. In Bangladesh and Pakistan it has been the role of the military, the state and religion. A general theme is an analysis of the malaise that is prevalent and how and why this was inherited, despite the colonial legacy of parliamentary democracy, the steel framework of a trained bureaucracy, the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law.
This book is a practical manual in Microbiology for 2nd year MBBS students. There is no standard book for practical exams in the market. This book will be a student's companion in their Microbiology practical class where they can read it, do their experiments as per directions given in book, and do their assignments. It would be a 'complete practical book' with tutorials at the beginning of each chapter helping the students understand the concepts. - Integrates practical & important theoretical concepts of Microbiology - Every chapter divided in a tutorial, practical exercise, spotters and assignments - Contains easy to reproduce diagrams during the practical exams - Important case-wise Viva questions at the end of each chapter - Sample cases at the end of each chapter for understanding the correlation It would be a 'complete practical book' with tutorials at the beginning of each chapter helping the students understand the concepts.
Build smarter systems by combining artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things—two of the most talked about topics today Key FeaturesLeverage the power of Python libraries such as TensorFlow and Keras to work with real-time IoT dataProcess IoT data and predict outcomes in real time to build smart IoT modelsCover practical case studies on industrial IoT, smart cities, and home automationBook Description There are many applications that use data science and analytics to gain insights from terabytes of data. These apps, however, do not address the challenge of continually discovering patterns for IoT data. In Hands-On Artificial Intelligence for IoT, we cover various aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and its implementation to make your IoT solutions smarter. This book starts by covering the process of gathering and preprocessing IoT data gathered from distributed sources. You will learn different AI techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and natural language processing to build smart IoT systems. You will also leverage the power of AI to handle real-time data coming from wearable devices. As you progress through the book, techniques for building models that work with different kinds of data generated and consumed by IoT devices such as time series, images, and audio will be covered. Useful case studies on four major application areas of IoT solutions are a key focal point of this book. In the concluding chapters, you will leverage the power of widely used Python libraries, TensorFlow and Keras, to build different kinds of smart AI models. By the end of this book, you will be able to build smart AI-powered IoT apps with confidence. What you will learnApply different AI techniques including machine learning and deep learning using TensorFlow and KerasAccess and process data from various distributed sourcesPerform supervised and unsupervised machine learning for IoT dataImplement distributed processing of IoT data over Apache Spark using the MLLib and H2O.ai platformsForecast time-series data using deep learning methodsImplementing AI from case studies in Personal IoT, Industrial IoT, and Smart CitiesGain unique insights from data obtained from wearable devices and smart devicesWho this book is for If you are a data science professional or a machine learning developer looking to build smart systems for IoT, Hands-On Artificial Intelligence for IoT is for you. If you want to learn how popular artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used in the Internet of Things domain, this book will also be of benefit. A basic understanding of machine learning concepts will be required to get the best out of this book.
This volume, containing contributions by experts from all over the world, is a collection of 21 articles which present review and research material describing the evolution and recent developments of various pattern recognition methodologies, ranging from statistical, syntactic/linguistic, fuzzy-set-theoretic, neural, genetic-algorithmic and rough-set-theoretic to hybrid soft computing, with significant real-life applications. In addition, the book describes efficient soft machine learning algorithms for data mining and knowledge discovery. With a balanced mixture of theory, algorithms and applications, as well as up-to-date information and an extensive bibliography, Pattern Recognition: From Classical to Modern Approaches is a very useful resource.
INTRODUCTION LITRATURE REVIEW The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials as pollen, spores, micro- organisms or viruses. Aerobiology is branch of biology that studies organic particles, such as bacteria, fungal spores, very small insect, pollen grains and viruses, which are passively transported by the air(Spieksma, 1991) Aerobiology have traditionally been involved in the measurement and reporting of airborne pollen and fungal spores as a service to allergy sufferers(Larsson, 1993). In 2002 algae and other small water borne organisms were discovered to inhibit clouds. A large cloud has about as much water as a shallow lake of the same geographic size. Aerobiology is rapidly developing science which also involves interactions with engineering and meteorology.
Build cutting edge machine and deep learning systems for the lab, production, and mobile devices Key FeaturesUnderstand the fundamentals of deep learning and machine learning through clear explanations and extensive code samplesImplement graph neural networks, transformers using Hugging Face and TensorFlow Hub, and joint and contrastive learningLearn cutting-edge machine and deep learning techniquesBook Description Deep Learning with TensorFlow and Keras teaches you neural networks and deep learning techniques using TensorFlow (TF) and Keras. You'll learn how to write deep learning applications in the most powerful, popular, and scalable machine learning stack available. TensorFlow 2.x focuses on simplicity and ease of use, with updates like eager execution, intuitive higher-level APIs based on Keras, and flexible model building on any platform. This book uses the latest TF 2.0 features and libraries to present an overview of supervised and unsupervised machine learning models and provides a comprehensive analysis of deep learning and reinforcement learning models using practical examples for the cloud, mobile, and large production environments. This book also shows you how to create neural networks with TensorFlow, runs through popular algorithms (regression, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transformers, generative adversarial networks (GANs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), natural language processing (NLP), and graph neural networks (GNNs)), covers working example apps, and then dives into TF in production, TF mobile, and TensorFlow with AutoML. What you will learnLearn how to use the popular GNNs with TensorFlow to carry out graph mining tasksDiscover the world of transformers, from pretraining to fine-tuning to evaluating themApply self-supervised learning to natural language processing, computer vision, and audio signal processingCombine probabilistic and deep learning models using TensorFlow ProbabilityTrain your models on the cloud and put TF to work in real environmentsBuild machine learning and deep learning systems with TensorFlow 2.x and the Keras APIWho this book is for This hands-on machine learning book is for Python developers and data scientists who want to build machine learning and deep learning systems with TensorFlow. This book gives you the theory and practice required to use Keras, TensorFlow, and AutoML to build machine learning systems. Some machine learning knowledge would be useful. We don't assume TF knowledge.
Most people view cultural heritage sites as static places, frozen in time. In Cultural Landscapes in India, Amita Sinha subverts the idea of heritage as static and examines the ways that landscapes influence culture and that culture influences landscapes. The book centers around imagining, enacting, and reclaiming landscapes as subjects and settings of living cultural heritage. Drawing on case studies from different regions of India, Sinha offers new interpretations of links between land and culture using different ways of seeing—transcendental, romantic, and utilitarian. The idea of cultural landscape can be seen in ancient practices such as circumambulation and immersion in bodies of water that sustain engagement with natural elements. Pilgrim towns, medieval forts, religious sites, and contemporary memorial parks are sites of memory where myth and history converge. Engaging with these spaces allows us to reconstruct collective memory and reclaim not only historic landscapes, but ways of seeing, making, and remembering. Cultural Landscapes in India makes the case for reclaiming iconic landscapes and rethinking conventional approaches to conservation that take into consideration performative landscape as heritage.
Calcium plays pivotal role in regulating the physiological as well as developmental processes in plants. Till now, several calcium sensors have been discovered, which regulate the diverse signaling pathways involved in plant growth and development. One of the major calcium sensors CBL (calcineurin B-like) is decoding the calcium signal during various environmental stresses in plants. Calcium mediated signal is transduced downstream by CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), which generally phosphorylate the target proteins such as transcription factors or transporters/channel leading to a response. Mutant based approach has provided valuable information in the functional analysis of individual members of CBL and CIPK gene family in Arabidopsis. Both CBL and CIPK gene families have previously been identified and characterized in Arabidopsis and rice. Identification and characterization of CBLs and CIPKs in other plant species such as Oryza sativa, Pisum sativum, Cicer arietinum, Zea mays, Populus euphratica, Vitis vinifera, Malus domestica, Gossypium hirsutum, Sorghum bicolor, Brassica napus, Vicia faba, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Triticum aestivum are still in juvenile stage. Overall, Global Comparative Analysis of CBL-CIPK Gene Families in Plants is a comprehensive study focused on the diverse role of CBL-CIPK module in different stress signaling and also to identify a newly emerging role of this calcium-signaling module in plant growth and development across different plant species. In addition, beside Arabidopsis, it will provide backbone of knowledge to perform a detail molecular investigation in crop plant species and could possibly enable in designing strategies to tame abiotic stress tolerance and development in important agronomical crop plants. This book will act as handy and informative source in this field for students as well as advanced researchers.
India has a rich tradition of meditative practices designed to study the phenomenon of consciousness. From the distant past to the present, India has evolved a unique psychological culture with grand unifying themes and universal modes of meditative practice. This book provides a detailed analysis of classical and modern Indian views on consciousness along with their related meditative methods. It offers a critical analysis of three distinct trends of Indian thought, viz., a dualistic mode of understanding and realizing consciousness in Hindu Sāṃkhya, an interactive mode in early Buddhist abhidhamma, and the evolutionary transformational mode in the teachings of the twentieth-century sage Sri Aurobindo. This book explores the unifying features in Indian first person practices with regard to consciousness and the importance of these applied psychological practices and their associated understanding of our conscious inner lives. The most striking feature of the work is that side by side theoretical exposition of consciousness, it includes a number of worksheets which explain how to use meditation to achieve relaxation as well as cognitive ‘maps’ of the different levels of conscious states and instruction and how one can traverse from one state to another. The final chapter explores Sri Aurobindo who introduced new and decisive Indian spiritual thought and practice to India in the form of Integral Yoga. This innovative book will be of interest to scholars studying Indian philosophy, Indian religion and the emerging field of contemplation studies.
Take the next step in implementing various common and not-so-common neural networks with Tensorflow 1.x About This Book Skill up and implement tricky neural networks using Google's TensorFlow 1.x An easy-to-follow guide that lets you explore reinforcement learning, GANs, autoencoders, multilayer perceptrons and more. Hands-on recipes to work with Tensorflow on desktop, mobile, and cloud environment Who This Book Is For This book is intended for data analysts, data scientists, machine learning practitioners and deep learning enthusiasts who want to perform deep learning tasks on a regular basis and are looking for a handy guide they can refer to. People who are slightly familiar with neural networks, and now want to gain expertise in working with different types of neural networks and datasets, will find this book quite useful. What You Will Learn Install TensorFlow and use it for CPU and GPU operations Implement DNNs and apply them to solve different AI-driven problems. Leverage different data sets such as MNIST, CIFAR-10, and Youtube8m with TensorFlow and learn how to access and use them in your code. Use TensorBoard to understand neural network architectures, optimize the learning process, and peek inside the neural network black box. Use different regression techniques for prediction and classification problems Build single and multilayer perceptrons in TensorFlow Implement CNN and RNN in TensorFlow, and use it to solve real-world use cases. Learn how restricted Boltzmann Machines can be used to recommend movies. Understand the implementation of Autoencoders and deep belief networks, and use them for emotion detection. Master the different reinforcement learning methods to implement game playing agents. GANs and their implementation using TensorFlow. In Detail Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved a lot of success in the field of computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. The entire world is filled with excitement about how deep networks are revolutionizing artificial intelligence. This exciting recipe-based guide will take you from the realm of DNN theory to implementing them practically to solve the real-life problems in artificial intelligence domain. In this book, you will learn how to efficiently use TensorFlow, Google's open source framework for deep learning. You will implement different deep learning networks such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Deep Q-learning Networks (DQNs), and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with easy to follow independent recipes. You will learn how to make Keras as backend with TensorFlow. With a problem-solution approach, you will understand how to implement different deep neural architectures to carry out complex tasks at work. You will learn the performance of different DNNs on some popularly used data sets such as MNIST, CIFAR-10, Youtube8m, and more. You will not only learn about the different mobile and embedded platforms supported by TensorFlow but also how to set up cloud platforms for deep learning applications. Get a sneak peek of TPU architecture and how they will affect DNN future. By using crisp, no-nonsense recipes, you will become an expert in implementing deep learning techniques in growing real-world applications and research areas such as reinforcement learning, GANs, autoencoders and more. Style and approach This book consists of hands-on recipes where you'll deal with real-world problems. You'll execute a series of tasks as you walk through data mining challenges using TensorFlow 1.x. Your one-stop solution for common and not-so-common pain points, this is a book that you must have on the shelf.
Craft ethical AI projects with privacy, fairness, and risk assessment features for scalable and distributed systems while maintaining explainability and sustainability Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Learn risk assessment for machine learning frameworks in a global landscape Discover patterns for next-generation AI ecosystems for successful product design Make explainable predictions for privacy and fairness-enabled ML training Book Description AI algorithms are ubiquitous and used for tasks, from recruiting to deciding who will get a loan. With such widespread use of AI in the decision-making process, it's necessary to build an explainable, responsible, transparent, and trustworthy AI-enabled system. With Platform and Model Design for Responsible AI, you'll be able to make existing black box models transparent. You'll be able to identify and eliminate bias in your models, deal with uncertainty arising from both data and model limitations, and provide a responsible AI solution. You'll start by designing ethical models for traditional and deep learning ML models, as well as deploying them in a sustainable production setup. After that, you'll learn how to set up data pipelines, validate datasets, and set up component microservices in a secure and private way in any cloud-agnostic framework. You'll then build a fair and private ML model with proper constraints, tune the hyperparameters, and evaluate the model metrics. By the end of this book, you'll know the best practices to comply with data privacy and ethics laws, in addition to the techniques needed for data anonymization. You'll be able to develop models with explainability, store them in feature stores, and handle uncertainty in model predictions. What you will learn Understand the threats and risks involved in ML models Discover varying levels of risk mitigation strategies and risk tiering tools Apply traditional and deep learning optimization techniques efficiently Build auditable and interpretable ML models and feature stores Understand the concept of uncertainty and explore model explainability tools Develop models for different clouds including AWS, Azure, and GCP Explore ML orchestration tools such as Kubeflow and Vertex AI Incorporate privacy and fairness in ML models from design to deployment Who this book is for This book is for experienced machine learning professionals looking to understand the risks and leakages of ML models and frameworks, and learn to develop and use reusable components to reduce effort and cost in setting up and maintaining the AI ecosystem.
Crustaceans are distinguished from myriapods and insects by many more traits. A striking difference is seen in leg structure. The morphological characteristics Taxonomy, Anatomy and Physiology of various crustaceans including vital systems are the major part of this book. Varieties of Crustaceans have its economic values in captures and culture practices so their basic nature, structures functioning details are needed. Those lines are touched in this book. Contents: Introduction Crustacea, Taxonomy of Crustacea, Body Plan and Appendages, Digestive System, Excretion and Osmoregulation, Musculature, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Nervous System, Sense Organs, Endocrine Gland and Hormones, Reproductive System, Economic Importance, Few Crustaceans.
South Asia today is among the most unstable regions in the world, riddled by both intra- and inter-state conflict. This book presents a comprehensive technical analysis of the trade–conflict relationship within the region, and explores how South Asia demonstrates underperformance of its potential for economic integration. Using the gravity model framework, the book highlights quantitative estimates of the cost of conflict in terms of loss of trade for South Asia. Other variables representative of political and economic regimes are also included to make the model comprehensive, and the book goes on to discuss how the analysis reveals the overriding significance of the India–Pakistan relationship in the regional landscape. It looks at how the results of the econometric exercise reveal the extent to which a common border, when disputed, becomes a barrier rather than a facilitator to trade and, additionally, the extent to which long standing and persistent conflict can debilitate trade relationships. The book is a useful contribution for students and scholars of South Asian studies and international political economy, and assists in formulating policy to correct the anti-home bias that is evident in trade patterns of the South Asian economies.
Dr. Handa explores issues surrounding the way identity is imagined and constructed by South Asian girls, women and South Asian community workers in Toronto. The author also examines ways in which young South Asian women are constructed and represented through discourses of race, nation, culture and community. Using feedback from her interviews, the author discusses South Asian women's struggle with the threat of the erosion of their authentic cultural practices. Handa's critical theoretical perspective illuminates how South Asian women struggle to live within the boundaries of cultural preservation at the same time that they embrace aspects of the communities in which they live. She explores whether they both desire and are excluded from Canadian cultural hegemony. She also examines the theoretical implications of exclusion and conversely, the problematic of cultural preservation.
This book presents a thorough and systematic approach of microbiology in a very clear,concise, simplified and easily understandable manner. The text is amply illustrated by largenumber of figures, flowcharts, tables and boxes. This will help not only in understanding theconcepts to clear the professional exams but will also teach the importance and application ofmicrobiology in clinical practice.• Focus on clinical and laboratory aspects of infectious diseases covering bacterial, tubercular,viral, parasitic and fungal infections.• Organization of the text into sections helps to recollect the facts easily.• Chapter outline in the beginning of each chapter helps to facilitate self-learning by thestudents.• Syndromic approach to common syndromes highlights the important causes and laboratorydiagnostic approach.• Flowcharts and line diagrams represent the diagnostic procedures and life cycles.• Questions given at the end of chapters for self-assessment of topics.• Multiple choice questions section-by-section at the end of the book for self-assessment ofthe topics studied.Online Resources at www.medenact.com• Complimentary access to full e-book.• Procedural animations.
This book highlights the genomic findings, observations, and analysis of DNA/RNA sequences and protein structure of the dreadful virus of this decade- COVID-19. The Corona group of viruses though known species, the strain that caused the Pandemic of 2019 is a completely new strain, belonging to the same corona family with a novel genetic make-up. This makes it a new pathogen which is causing the current outbreak leaving the global scientific community clueless of any therapeutic breakthrough. NCOV enjoys life threatening pathogenicity with mysterious genetic annotations. This book details and offers insights into its viral genetic arrangement, Virulence factors, probable mutations leading to the evolution of this new strain and more. It contains chapters on Virus evolutionary status and Genetic makeup leading to its pathogenicity which can be a new insight in understanding the nature of this clever microorganism and can pave way to the development of new drugs and Vaccines or a novel diagnostic approach for the early prognosis of the disease. A dedicated chapter on annotation of NCOV-19 virulence genes, translation of the genes to protein product, annotation of the antigenic sites on these proteins is also included. In all, this brief is a complete genomic annotation insight of NCOV-19 using AI, Data analytics and Bioinformatics analysis. In the current situation, this book is an extensive preliminary resource for Medical practitioners, Researchers, Academicians, Scientists, Biochemists, Bioinformaticians and other professionals interested in understanding the genetics of Novel Coronavirus 19, the best possible drug targets, ideal vaccine candidates and novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
Afghanistan is one of many South Asian countries appearing in daily headlines, as it attempts to rebuild its society, including its educational system, after decades of war. Sri Lanka, devastated by the tsunami of 2004, and parts of Pakistan and Northern India, coping with the aftereffects of a major earthquake, are also also struggling for teachers, classrooms, supplies, and a sense of normalcy for their students. This volume, part of the Schooling Around the World series, provides readers with a history and survey of education in eight of the region's countries. It examines the Primary, Secondary, and Postsecondary levels of education, identifying the types of education available (public, private, tutoring, etc), any race, gender or social class issues that impact education, and major reforms taking place. Readers will find discussions of curriculum and teaching methods most helpful, as well as a special day in the life feature, which gives a personal look at what it's like for students attending school in that country today.
Diverse Early Childhood Education Policies and Practices explores issues in early childhood education and teacher preparation in five Asian countries: India, Singapore, China, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Some observed classrooms in these countries reflect influences that are simultaneously indigenous and colonial, local and global. By highlighting the diverse and often hybrid classroom pedagogies at work in these 21st century Asian classrooms, the discussions in this book take into consideration the influence of globalization on local policies and practices, and the challenge educators face when they are expected to reconcile different and sometimes conflicting cultural and pedagogical world views. Through a research-driven analysis of key issues such as recent revisions to national early childhood education policies, perceptions on "play-based and child-centered" pedagogy, curriculum and learning materials, and an emphasis on the teaching of values, this book illuminates the diversity of the observed classrooms as well as current trends in early childhood education in parts of Asia. The cross-national perspective serves to expand and diversify the global discourse of early childhood education and teacher education.
Diverse Early Childhood Education Policies and Practices explores issues in early childhood education and teacher preparation in five Asian countries: India, Singapore, China, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Some observed classrooms in these countries reflect influences that are simultaneously indigenous and colonial, local and global. By highlighting the diverse and often hybrid classroom pedagogies at work in these 21st century Asian classrooms, the discussions in this book take into consideration the influence of globalization on local policies and practices, and the challenge educators face when they are expected to reconcile different and sometimes conflicting cultural and pedagogical world views. Through a research-driven analysis of key issues such as recent revisions to national early childhood education policies, perceptions on "play-based and child-centered" pedagogy, curriculum and learning materials, and an emphasis on the teaching of values, this book illuminates the diversity of the observed classrooms as well as current trends in early childhood education in parts of Asia. The cross-national perspective serves to expand and diversify the global discourse of early childhood education and teacher education.
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