Scholarly, insightful and, at the same time, written in an exceptionally lucid style, this book challenges certain stereotypes relating to Islam, Sufism, folk songs and inter community relations in the South Asian context. By consulting Persian, Urdu, Bengali and English sources, this book suggests that Sufism is more heterogeneous and complex than what is commonly taken to be.
This book provides an authoritative account of the first significant overseas diplomatic missions and forays made by Indian civil servants. It recounts the key events in the formative decades of Indian foreign policy and looks at the prominent figures who were at the centre of this decisive period of change. The book explores the history and evolution of the civil and foreign services in India during the last leg of British rule and the following era of post-independence Nehruvian politics. Rich in archival material, it looks at official files, correspondences and diaries documenting the terms served by the pioneers of Indian diplomacy, Girja Shankar Bajpai, K.P.S. Menon and Subimal Dutt, in Africa, China, the USSR and other countries and their relationship with the Indian political leadership. The book also analyses and pieces together the activities, strategies, worldviews and contributions of the first administrators and diplomats who shaped India’s approach to foreign policy and its relationship with other political powers. An essential read for researchers and academics, this book will be a useful resource for students of international relations, foreign policy, political science and modern Indian history, especially those interested in the history of Indian foreign affairs. It will also be of great use to general readers who are interested in the history of politics and diplomacy in India and South Asia. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Courageously Embracing the Unknown: As I step into the upcoming year, I resolve to face life's challenges, both its ups and downs, with unwavering courage and determination. In my pursuit of a successful career, I will approach each opportunity as a chance for growth, learning from setbacks and celebrating victories. I commit to setting clear goals, staying focused, and continuously evolving to achieve professional success. Navigating the uncertainties of life, I will embrace the journey, recognizing that challenges are stepping stones to resilience and strength. I'll cultivate a mindset of positivity, turning obstacles into opportunities and setbacks into comebacks. With an open heart and a tenacious spirit, I am prepared to welcome the unknown, confident that every experience will contribute to the person I am becoming. In the face of adversity, I choose to stand tall and resilient. I am ready to make the upcoming year a chapter of triumphs, growth, and the pursuit of a successful and fulfilling career.
In 1980s Bombay, a highly regarded voice teacher and his affluent sixteen-year-old student enter into a relationship that will have unexpected and lasting consequences in their lives, and the lives of their families. With exquisitely sensuous detail, quiet humor, and unsentimental poignancy, Amit Chaudhuri paints a luminous portrait of the spiritual and emotional force behind a revered Indian tradition; of two fundamentally different but intricately intertwined families; and of a society choosing between the old and the new.
A place of astonishing contrasts, India is home to some of the world’s most ancient architectures as well as some of its most modern. It was the focus of some of the most important works created by Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn, among other lesser-known masters, and it is regarded by many as one of the key sites of mid-twentieth century architectural design. As Peter Scriver and Amit Srivastava show in this book, however, India’s history of modern architecture began long before the nation’s independence as a modern state in 1947. Going back to the nineteenth century, Scriver and Srivastava look at the beginnings of modernism in colonial India and the ways that public works and patronage fostered new design practices that directly challenged the social order and values invested in the building traditions of the past. They then trace how India’s architecture embodies the dramatic shifts in Indian society and culture during the last century. Making sense of a broad range of sources, from private papers and photographic collections to the extensive records of the Indian Public Works Department, they provide the most rounded account of modern architecture in India that has yet been available.
The Primary FRCA is a marathon exam that requires candidates to concentrate on solving MCQs first and then prepare for the OSCE and SOE viva. The EDAIC Part 1 involves MCQs, and Part 2 uses viva to test candidates. All these exams demand a strong knowledge of basic sciences relevant to anaesthesia. The Fast Facts content aids quick revision in the lead up to the examinations and maximises the chances of exam success. Covering all the high-yield facts together with concept building, the content ensures that students benefit at all stages of their preparation, especially during the last few weeks before examinations. Past MCQs and core viva concepts have been presented in bullet points, tabular format and diagrams for easy assimilation. The Primary FRCA is shifting towards asking SBAs, and this book covers both the SBA and MTF formats of MCQs. It includes over 180 topics, and is subdivided into sections on Physiology, Pharmacology, Physics and Anatomy. The key ingredient to get through any exam is confidence. By facilitating timely revision of the entire curriculum, this book makes sure that candidates for both the Primary FRCA and for the EDAIC will enter the examination hall with a positive mindset and comprehensive knowledge of the basic sciences required by anaesthetists.
The Year of Possibilities" is a compilation of various inspiring Write-ups of compiler Amit Kumar Sahoo & all his co-authors . The book is a perfect blend of different perspectives, experiences, and insights shared by individuals from all walks of life. The book is a testament to the fact that no matter what challenges one faces, it is always possible to overcome them with determination, grit, and perseverance. The stories in the book range from personal struggles to professional challenges and showcase how each individual was able to transform their adversities into opportunities.
Introduction to Proteins provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art introduction to the structure, function, and motion of proteins for students, faculty, and researchers at all levels. The book covers proteins and enzymes across a wide range of contexts and applications, including medical disorders, drugs, toxins, chemical warfare, and animal behavior. Each chapter includes a Summary, Exercises, and References. New features in the thoroughly-updated second edition include: A brand-new chapter on enzymatic catalysis, describing enzyme biochemistry, classification, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanisms, and applications in medicine and other industries. These are accompanied by multiple animations of biochemical reactions and mechanisms, accessible via embedded QR codes (which can be viewed by smartphones) An in-depth discussion of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) A wider-scale description of biochemical and biophysical methods for studying proteins, including fully accessible internet-based resources, such as databases and algorithms Animations of protein dynamics and conformational changes, accessible via embedded QR codes Additional features Extensive discussion of the energetics of protein folding, stability and interactions A comprehensive view of membrane proteins, with emphasis on structure-function relationship Coverage of intrinsically unstructured proteins, providing a complete, realistic view of the proteome and its underlying functions Exploration of industrial applications of protein engineering and rational drug design Each chapter includes a Summary, Exercies, and References Approximately 300 color images Downloadable solutions manual available at www.crcpress.com For more information, including all presentations, tables, animations, and exercises, as well as a complete teaching course on proteins' structure and function, please visit the author's website. Praise for the first edition "This book captures, in a very accessible way, a growing body of literature on the structure, function and motion of proteins. This is a superb publication that would be very useful to undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and instructors involved in structural biology or biophysics courses or in research on protein structure-function relationships." --David Sheehan, ChemBioChem, 2011 "Introduction to Proteins is an excellent, state-of-the-art choice for students, faculty, or researchers needing a monograph on protein structure. This is an immensely informative, thoroughly researched, up-to-date text, with broad coverage and remarkable depth. Introduction to Proteins would provide an excellent basis for an upper-level or graduate course on protein structure, and a valuable addition to the libraries of professionals interested in this centrally important field." --Eric Martz, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2012
Delve into the intricacies of jurisprudence with 'Law Audience’s Digest,' a compelling collection of legal articles that demystify the complexities of the legal world. From landmark court cases to evolving legal trends, this anthology offers a thought-provoking journey for both legal enthusiasts and the curious minds seeking insight into the dynamic realm of law. Engage with expert perspectives, stay abreast of contemporary legal issues, and broaden your understanding of the ever-evolving legal landscape. 'Law Audience’s Digest' is your gateway to a comprehensive exploration of the legal domain, providing enlightenment and clarity in every page.
A senior citizen in advanced age, Amit Kumar Goswami is young at heart. His mind works in three different planes at the same time. He is inquisitive about the authentic details of anything he writes about. He is blessed with distinct imaginative power and his eyes do not miss out even the smallest details. His vivid descriptions make a reader mentally participate in the stories and he can easily identify himself as being present in the scene of the story. Every one of his stories is different from the other, as the author carefully picks up the subjects from the twists and turns of his personal life. He has the capacity of turning even the mundane experiences into heart-thumping adventures. Besides, he writes about people who inspire him. A reader remains glued to his tales till the last page and practically enjoys the journey with the author. His unpretentious, easygoing language establishes an endearing personal bond with the reader, like a one-to-one storytelling. This book presents a kaleidoscope of the tremendous adventure that is called life.
An excellent book for commerce students appearing in competitive, professional and other examinations. CONTENTS 1. Joint Stock Companies : Its Types, Share Capital, Issue, Forfeiture and Reissue of Shares, 2. Redemption of Preference Shares, 3. Issue of Debentures, 4. Redemption of Debentures, 5. Final Accounts of Companies, 6. Disposal of Profits (Including Dividend), 7. Managerial Remuneration, 8. Accounting For Amalgamation of Companies As Per A.S.-14, 9. Accounting For Reconstruction of A Company, 10. Holding and Subsidiary Companies : Preparation of Consolidated Balance Sheet, 11. Liquidation of Company (Voluntary Liquidation Only) SYLLABUS Unit I : Joint Stock Companies- its types and share capital, Issue, Forfeiture and Re-issue of shares, Redemption of preference shares, Issue and Redemption of Debenture. Unit II : Final Accounts : Including Computation of managerial Remune-ration and disposal of profit. Unit III : Accounting for Amalgamation of companies as per Accounting Standard-14, Accounting for Internal reconstruction. Unit IV : Consolidated Balance Sheet of Holding Companies with one Subsidiary only. Unit V : Liquidation of Company, Statement of Affairs and Deficiency/ Surplus, Liquid for final statement of A/c Receivers, Receipt and Payment A/c.
As a result of scientific advancements and changing demographics in the United States and around the world, people of all ethnic groups and nationalities are retaining their teeth longer. Todays oral health professionals must therefore be prepared to make educated and scientifically-reasoned choices addressing a wide range of oral diseases for patients of all ages, and for ambulatory as well as non-ambulatory patients across all demographic profiles. As the first text of its kind, Oral Health Epidemiology: Principles and Practice explores the full spectrum of epidemiological and translational clinical research including fundamental mechanisms of human disease, therapeutic intervention, clinical trials, and oral epidemiology. Topics that are unique to oral health, such as the frequent use of split-mouth design on oral research, crossover techniques and clustered nature of caries, periodontal and other dental disease data, are all thoroughly addressed. Key Features: Thoroughly explores clinicaltranslational research and the special needs of oral health study designs that are applicable across all specialties in dentistry. Serves as a basic guide to advanced techniques such as bioinformatics, genetics, molecular biology, and computer simulation, biostatistics that are now used regularly in oral health research. Prepares the reader to design studies, translate the findings to practice, and conduct logical critique of scientific literature.
Eco-toxicology, an offshoot of toxicology, is a multidisciplinary science that integrates toxicology and ecology by drawing knowledge and procedures from both fields. It analyses the effects of toxic chemicals or biological agents on living organisms at different levels of organization. Eco-toxicology classifies different contaminants, their characteristics, release and ecological fate, and predicts their effects so that timely action can be taken to prevent or minimize any detrimental effects. Environmental Toxicology starts with the basics of toxicology, briefly touching on the sources of toxic compounds, classification of toxicants, and factors affecting toxicity, and then elaborates on heavy metal toxicity. The individual chapters on various heavy metals and radioactive metals discuss the sources and routes of exposure, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and mechanisms of toxicity, toxicological effects, diagnosis, treatment, management, and ecological impact. The book covers the field in its greatest width and provides an insight into pesticide and radiation toxicity, and recent advances in eco-toxicology, with special focus on the removal of HMs and the latest bioremediation techniques. This book serves as a reference work for advanced students pursuing degrees in environmental toxicology and across various disciplines, such as biomedical and environmental sciences, toxicology, eco-toxicology, pharmacology, public health, etc. and all interested in learning the concepts of eco-toxicology. Features: A systematic overview of the key concepts of eco-toxicology, its relationship with other disciplines, and recent advances in the area Detailed classification of toxicants, types of toxicity, and mechanism of the action of toxicants An in-depth coverage of topics on the mechanism toxicity of HMs, in addition to exclusive sections on pesticide and radiation toxicity A fact file in each chapter, highlighting its key points Flow charts, tables, diagrams, and illustrations in easily understandable language
Fundamentals of Nanoscaled Field Effect Transistors gives comprehensive coverage of the fundamental physical principles and theory behind nanoscale transistors. The specific issues that arise for nanoscale MOSFETs, such as quantum mechanical tunneling and inversion layer quantization, are fully explored. The solutions to these issues, such as high-κ technology, strained-Si technology, alternate devices structures and graphene technology are also given. Some case studies regarding the above issues and solution are also given in the book.
This book traces the evolution and transformation of the Jharkhandi identity over the last half-century culminating in the formation of the Jharkhand state in November 2000. The book provides decade-wise detailed socio-economic data for Jharkhand and undivided Bihar, beginning with 1950, and correlates the performance of the Jharkhandi political formations in Lok Sabha elections with the development profile of Jharkhand (in relation to undivided Bihar). It would be immensely valuable to political analysts, political parties, economists, policy makers, advocates of smaller states in India, and the state governments of Jharkhand and present-day Bihar.
This comprehensive reference text discusses advance concepts and applications in the field of nanotechnology. The text presents a detailed discussion of key important concepts including nanomaterials and nanodevices, nano-bio interface, nanoscale memories, and semiconductor nanotechnology. It discusses applications of nanotechnology in the fields of aerospace engineering, cosmetic industry, pharmaceutical science, food industry, and the textile industry. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, nanotechnology, and pharmaceutical science. Discussing fundamental, advanced concepts and their applications in a single volume, this text will be useful as a reference text for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, nanotechnology, and pharmaceutical science. It comprehensively discusses important concepts such as nano-robotics, carbon-based nanomaterials, and nanoscale memories. The text discusses advanced concepts of nanotechnology and its applications in the fields of textile, pharmaceutical sciences, aerospace, and food industry. It will be an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, nanotechnology, and nanoscience.
This monograph presents a collection of results, observations, and examples related to dynamical systems described by linear and nonlinear ordinary differential and difference equations. In particular, dynamical systems that are susceptible to analysis by the Liapunov approach are considered. The naive observation that certain "diagonal-type" Liapunov functions are ubiquitous in the literature attracted the attention of the authors and led to some natural questions. Why does this happen so often? What are the spe cial virtues of these functions in this context? Do they occur so frequently merely because they belong to the simplest class of Liapunov functions and are thus more convenient, or are there any more specific reasons? This monograph constitutes the authors' synthesis of the work on this subject that has been jointly developed by them, among others, producing and compiling results, properties, and examples for many years, aiming to answer these questions and also to formalize some of the folklore or "cul ture" that has grown around diagonal stability and diagonal-type Liapunov functions. A natural answer to these questions would be that the use of diagonal type Liapunov functions is frequent because of their simplicity within the class of all possible Liapunov functions. This monograph shows that, although this obvious interpretation is often adequate, there are many in stances in which the Liapunov approach is best taken advantage of using diagonal-type Liapunov functions. In fact, they yield necessary and suffi cient stability conditions for some classes of nonlinear dynamical systems.
Amit Agarwal’s thesis reports a substantial contribution to the microscopic simulation of radiation chemical reactions. In his research Agarwal extends existing models to further understand scavenging, spin and relaxation effects. This research has advanced the development of both the Monte Carlo Random Flights and the Independent Reaction Times (IRT) simulation tools. Particular highlights are the extension of these tools to include both the spin-exchange interaction and spin relaxation, both of which are influential in radiolytic systems where many reactions are spin-controlled. In addition, the study has led to the discovery of a novel correlation of the scavenging rate with the recombination time in low permittivity solvents. This finding goes against existing assumptions underlying the theory of diffusion kinetics while still being accommodated in the IRT method which demonstrates the power of this unconventional approach. The work in this thesis can be applied to a wide number of fields including the nuclear industry, medicine, food treatment, polymer curing, the preparation of nano-colloids, power generation and waste disposal.
This state of affairs may be attributed inter-alia to thedecline of the laissez-faire philosophy of Government which had its heyday in the nineteenth and early twentieth century with its notion that the proper role of governmental administration is the maintenance of a State which seeks to guarantee the individual a maximum of freedom from coercive influence and a protection against the more obvious types of anti-social conduct. In its place is a new awareness of the responsibility of the State towards the economic and social welfare of the nation, and in order to discharge this responsibility, it became necessary to bring these myriad activities under the regulatory power of the Government.
Computational Intelligence: Principles, Techniques and Applications presents both theories and applications of computational intelligence in a clear, precise and highly comprehensive style. The textbook addresses the fundamental aspects of fuzzy sets and logic, neural networks, evolutionary computing and belief networks. The application areas include fuzzy databases, fuzzy control, image understanding, expert systems, object recognition, criminal investigation, telecommunication networks, and intelligent robots. The book contains many numerical examples and homework problems with sufficient hints so that the students can solve them on their own.
Spanning a writing career of over twenty years, acclaimed novelist and author of Calcutta: Two Years in the City, Amit Chaudhuri, is also one of the most gifted essayists and critics writing today, whose work has appeared in the pages of many of the most prestigious newspapers and journals in the world, including The London Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, Granta, the Guardian, and the Dublin Review. Collected here for the first time, Mere Writing is a selection of Chaudhuri’ s most enduring short non-fiction that showcases his sense of humour, his idiosyncratic capacity to transform the mundane, his political engagement, and his mastery of words. From playing ‘ Cowboys and Indians’ as a child in India to an outsider’ s perspective on the British class system to a plane that was hijacked by Pakistani men and taken to Afghanistan at the turn of the millennium to the works of V. S Naipaul and to the humble Indian savoury, the chanachur, these essays display Chaudhuri’ s ability to find meaning in every aspect of the physical and intellectual world and will consolidate his reputation as one of most original and elegant writers publishing in English today.
With all the material available in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and soft computing-texts, monographs, and journal articles-there remains a serious gap in the literature. Until now, there has been no comprehensive resource accessible to a broad audience yet containing a depth and breadth of information that enables the reader to fully understand and readily apply AI and soft computing concepts. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing fills this gap. It presents both the traditional and the modern aspects of AI and soft computing in a clear, insightful, and highly comprehensive style. It provides an in-depth analysis of mathematical models and algorithms and demonstrates their applications in real world problems. Beginning with the behavioral perspective of "human cognition," the text covers the tools and techniques required for its intelligent realization on machines. The author addresses the classical aspects-search, symbolic logic, planning, and machine learning-in detail and includes the latest research in these areas. He introduces the modern aspects of soft computing from first principles and discusses them in a manner that enables a beginner to grasp the subject. He also covers a number of other leading aspects of AI research, including nonmonotonic and spatio-temporal reasoning, knowledge acquisition, and much more. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: Behavioral and Cognitive Modeling of the Human Brain is unique for its diverse content, clear presentation, and overall completeness. It provides a practical, detailed introduction that will prove valuable to computer science practitioners and students as well as to researchers migrating to the subject from other disciplines.
This book discusses history of mental construction of the border between India and Bangladesh. It investigates how and when a border was constructed between the people, and discusses how the mental construction preceded the physical construction. It also examines the perils faced by those forced to leave their homes as a result of the partition of India in 1947. Globally throughout history, the absence of borders made the movement of people from one place to another easier. The construction of borders and sovereign de-limitation of territory restricted or even prevented seamless migration. The situation becomes more complex near borders that were previously open to the movement of people. One such border is between India and Bangladesh, where, in August 1947, suddenly people were told that the places they used to visit on a daily basis were now a part of a different sovereign country. This book argues that borders construct the identity of an individual or a group. Those who cross to the other side of border, for whatever reason, are identified and categorized by the state and the people. Sometimes these migrants face violence from the locals because they are considered a threat to the local working class. The book also explains how, after the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971, everyday encounter between people from India and Bangladesh have further embedded a feeling of us versus them. In 2015, India and Bangladesh agreed to implement the India–Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (LBA). This book assesses whether the implementation of this agreement will have impacts on border-related problems like mobility, migration, and tensions. It is a valuable resource for policymakers, journalists, researchers and students.
The Celestial Dancers: Manipuri Dance on Australian Stage charts the momentous journey of the popularization of Manipur’s Hindu dances in Australia. Tradition has it that the people of Manipur, a northeastern state of India, are descended from the celestial gandharvas, dance and music blessed among them as a God’s gift. The intricately symbolic Hindu dances of Manipur in their original religious forms were virtually unseen and unknown outside India until an Australian impresario, Louise Lightfoot, brought them to the stage in the 1950s. Her experimental changes through a pioneering collaboration with dancers Rajkumar Priyagopal Singh and Ibetombi Devi modernized Manipuri dance for presentation on a global stage. This partnership moved Manipur’s Hindu dances from the sphere of ritualistic temple practice to a formalized stage art abroad. Amit Sarwal chronicles how this movement, as in the case of other prominent Indian classical dances and dancers, enabled both Manipuri dance and dancers to gain recognition worldwide. This book is ideal for anyone with an interest in Hindu temple dance, Manipur dance, cross-cultural collaborations and the globalizing of Indian Classical Dance. The Celestial Dancers is a comprehensive study of how an exceptional Hindu dance form developed on the global stage.
The idea of infinity plays a crucial role in our understanding of the universe, with the infinite spacetime continuum perhaps the best-known example - but is spacetime really continuous? Throughout the history of science, many have felt that the continuum model is an unphysical idealization, and that spacetime should be thought of as 'quantized' at the smallest of scales. Combining novel conceptual analysis, a fresh historical perspective, and concrete physical examples, this unique book tells the story of the search for the fundamental unit of length in modern physics, from early classical electrodynamics to current approaches to quantum gravity. Novel philosophical theses, with direct implications for theoretical physics research, are presented and defended in an accessible format that avoids complex mathematics. Blending history, philosophy, and theoretical physics, this refreshing outlook on the nature of spacetime sheds light on one of the most thought-provoking topics in modern physics.
The core of EPI is a collection of over 300 problems with detailed solutions, including 100 figures, 250 tested programs, and 150 variants. The problems are representative of questions asked at the leading software companies. The book begins with a summary of the nontechnical aspects of interviewing, such as common mistakes, strategies for a great interview, perspectives from the other side of the table, tips on negotiating the best offer, and a guide to the best ways to use EPI. The technical core of EPI is a sequence of chapters on basic and advanced data structures, searching, sorting, broad algorithmic principles, concurrency, and system design. Each chapter consists of a brief review, followed by a broad and thought-provoking series of problems. We include a summary of data structure, algorithm, and problem solving patterns.
This new volume in the Global Security Watch series examines the contemporary foreign, military, and security policies of India as it moves towards becoming a formidable global power in the coming decades. India is poised to join the major nations of the world as one of the next superpowers in the multi-polar, 21st-century world. At the same time, it still faces significant domestic problems such as widespread poverty and public health issues, and faces considerable security threats posed by China and Pakistan. Author Amit Gupta, PhD, an esteemed scholar and expert on foreign policy and weapons proliferation in South Asia, argues that India's quest to attain a superpower status will depend on how it develops its relationships with the other leading nations. Another determining factor for India's success lies in its ability to create a more advantageous security environment in the immediate Indian Ocean region. Global Security Watch—India tackles complex topics such as future Indian foreign and security policy options and the corresponding implications for U.S. policy, how the India–China relationship affects relations among other Asian countries, and the capabilities of the Indian military-industrial complex.
Indian spices are famous across the globe and have attracted food lovers for ages. With the increasing awareness of health through foods, people are now more conscious about the health and nutraceutical benefits of spices. The past few years have witnessed pioneering research work in this area with various spices. This volume is a comprehensive volume that collects and collates the wisdom of the past and blends it with the technological progress of today. The book offers comprehensive coverage on the subject of Indian spices and their agrotechniques. It is a rich compilation of agrotechniques coupled with background information, research work, and scientific discussion on the basic and applied aspects on the subject. The first chapter in Spices: Agrotechniques for Quality Produce is introductory and provides an overview of spices that have important flavor compounds. It looks at the present status of world spice scenario on export and import, major markets, etc. The second chapter deals with classification of spices, condiments, and herbs. The third chapter is the major one that precisely describes agrotechniques and production technology of fifty individual spices comprised of the major spices. It covers three rhizomatous spices, six bulbous spices, eight tree spices (six aromatic and two acidulant), eleven seed spices, twelve leafy or herbal spices or aromatic herbs, four lesser-known spices, and three other spices with due consideration to quality and value-added benefits. This chapter also presents a general discussion of the systematic position, composition, uses, export-import scenario, medicinal values, etc., of these spices. The subsequent chapters deal with recent research approaches on spices around the world and explore the promises of organic spices and future research directions. This volume will be useful to all those who are interested in spices, including students, teachers, researchers, amateur readers, policymakers, as well as farming communities.
Power Electronics is a field which combines Power (electric power), Electronics and Control systems. Power engineering deals with the static and rotating power equipment for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power. Electronics deals with the study of solid state semiconductor power devices and circuits for Power conversion to meet the desired control objectives (to control the output voltage and output power). Power electronics may be defined as the subject of applications of solid state power semiconductor devices (Thyristors) for the control and conversion of electric power. Power electronics deals with the study and design of Thyristorised power controllers for a variety of applications like Heat control, Light/Illumination control, Motor control, AC/DC motor drives used in industries, High voltage power supplies, Vehicle propulsion systems, and High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission.
This book studies the hitherto unexplored history of the shawl and silk industries of the himalyan state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It focuses on the three processes – production, circulation, and consumption – of the textile industry of the region to highlight its socio-economic and political importance in 19th- and 20th-century Kashmir. Using the micro-history approach, it studies the sites of production – the home looms or the small karkhana – efficiency of labour, and innovations by weavers in their techniques to suit the demands of the market. It also locates the impact colonialism had on transforming the labour economy in the Kashmir textile industry. Further, it compares these karkhanas with the Scottish factories or home looms to illuminate many sites of difference and comparison between the working styles and technologies. Mapping a history as complex as the weave on the finest Kashmiri shawl, this book brings to life the interface between culture, commodity, and colonial networks. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of South Asian history, colonial and imperial history, cultural studies, and economic and labour history.
A study of science and technology practices that shows how even emergent aspects of research and development remain entangled with established hierarchies. In the last four decades, during which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a cutting-edge medical technology and a cultural icon, technoscientific imaginaries and practices have undergone a profound change across the globe. Shifting transnational geography of tecchnoscientific innovations is making commonly deployed Euro/West-centric divides such as west versus non-west or “innovating north” versus “non-innovating south” increasingly untenable—the world is indeed becoming flatter. Nevertheless, such dualist divides, which are intimately tied to other dualist categories that have been used to describe scientific knowledge and practice, continue to undergird analyses and imaginaries of transnational technoscience. Imperial Technoscience puts into broad relief the ambivalent and contradictory folding of Euro/west-centrism with emergent features of technoscience. It argues, Euro/West-centric historicism, and resulting over-determinations, not only hide the vibrant, albeit hierarchical, transnational histories of technoscience, but also tell us little about shifting geography of technoscientific innovations. The book utilizes a deconstructive-empirical approach to explore “entangled” histories of MRI across disciplines (physics, chemistry, medicine, etc.), institutions (university, hospitals, industry, etc.), and nations (United States, Britain, and India). Entangled histories of MRI, it shows, better explain emergence and consolidation of particular technoscientific trajectories and shifts in transnational geography of science and technology (e.g. centers and peripheries).
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