This book provides an introduction to positivist-pluralist theories of international relations (IR) which emerged during the early-and mid-1950’s along with Marxist political economic and non-Marxist economic theories of IR. Positivist and Political-Economic Theories of International Relations is an in-depth critical study of texts and literature which highlight IR’s methodological pluralism even after it gained maturity. It examines how pluralist political status quo and radical economic criticism coexist in discrete areas of the discipline. Insights are provided into key positivist liberal-pluralist theories, namely decision-making approaches, and theories of integration, regionalism, interdependence, and regime. It discusses the four political economic and critical theories of Marxism, dependency, world systems, and international political economy. The book, as an advanced supplementary reader, will be of great interest to researchers and students of international relations, history, law, and the multidisciplinary social scientific field of political economy.
This book focuses on Rabindranath Tagore as a social and political thinker revolving around Tagore’s ideas on the seeds of civil society, nation, identities, and communities in the Indic tradition. The author deconstructs Tagore’s concepts against the appropriate resurgent and triumphalist Western concepts in the updated Western social thought and theories. The book examines Tagore’s understanding of the nature of the civil social sphere in India and analyzes the relevance of his civil social concepts against the backdrop of colonialism in India. It also discusses his views on nation and nationalism in India and his insights into the problems and prospects of intercommunity, particularly Hindu-Muslim relations in India. Applying current social science and Western literature in an unprecedented manner to interpret Tagore, this book will be of great interest to scholars, teachers, and students of politics, nationalism, postcolonialism, history, comparative literature, sociology, religious studies, and South Asian studies.
Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences introduces and emphasizes the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of education and research from a materials science perspective. This approach is aimed to promote understanding of the physical, chemical, biological and engineering aspects of any materials science problem. Contents are prepared to maintain the strong background of fundamental engineering disciplines while integrating them with the disciplines of natural science. It presents key concepts and includes case studies on biomedical materials and renewable energy. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in materials science and other streams of engineering, this book Explores interdisciplinary research aspects in a coherent manner for materials science researchers Presents key concepts of engineering sciences as relevant for materials science in terms of fundamentals and applications Discusses engineering mechanics, biological and physical sciences Includes relevant case studies and examples
This book explores realist theories—also called power politics approaches, formulations of systems theories, and game theory in International Relations (IR). The first section of the book focuses on theories of Early Classical Realism—Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes, and two Asian exponents—Kautilya and Han Fei Tzu. It covers the rise and fall of different schools of imperial geopolitics including those developed during the Cold-War and postmodern periods. It also discusses theories proposed by three stalwarts of Neoclassical Realism— Niebuhr, Carr, and Morgenthau; the Neorealism of Waltz; Strategic Realism of Schelling; and Offensive Realism of Mearsheimer. The book also examines theoretic formulations of Kaplan, Modelski, Rosecrance, McClelland, Holsti, and Singer, as well as game theory and its relevance and application in international relations. It explores diverse variants of theories of power in international relations through a critical readings of texts and IR literature. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of political science, international relations, history and law.
This book discusses postpositivist theories foregrounding postpositivism against the reigning realist and positivist-pluralist orthodoxies. The book explicates seven theories, not as disparate endeavours, but as developments linked by a common thread that seeks to enunciate globalist emancipatory goals for the theoretical field and the world that these theories seek to change. It focuses on the following themes: feminism, environmentalism or green theory, the English school, critical theory, constructivism, postmodernism and postcolonialism. Additionally, a separate chapter on globalization shows that while mainstream (neo)realist international relations theories respond hostilely to globalization and liberal-pluralist theories react benignly to it, postpositivist theories positively welcome it. The book offers a competent meta-theoretical gridwork, showing on which side of the opposing disciplinary positions in the fourth debate each of the seven theories are located. It is a comprehensive guide to the postpositivist restructuring of the discipline of international relations. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of political science, international relations, history, humanities and literature.
This book explores the role of public action in eliminating deprivation and expanding human freedoms in India. The analysis is based on a broad and integrated view of development, which focuses on well-being and freedom rather than the standard indicators of economic growth. The authors placehuman agency at the centre of stage, and stress the complementary roles of different institutions (economic, social, and political) in enhancing effective freedoms.In comparative international perspective, the Indian economy has done reasonably well in the period following the economic reforms initiated in the early nineties. However, relatively high aggregate economic growth coexists with the persistence of endemic deprivation and deep social failures. JeanDreze and Amartya Sen relate this imbalance to the continued neglect, in the post-reform period, of public involvement in crucial fields such as basic education, health care, social security, environmental protection, gender equity, and civil rights, and also to the imposition of new burdens such asthe accelerated expansion of military expenditure. Further, the authors link these distortions of public priorities with deep-seated inequalities of social influence and political power. The book discusses the possibility of addressing these biases through more active democratic practice.
By the winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Economics, an essential and paradigm-altering framework for understanding economic development--for both rich and poor--in the twenty-first century. Freedom, Sen argues, is both the end and most efficient means of sustaining economic life and the key to securing the general welfare of the world's entire population. Releasing the idea of individual freedom from association with any particular historical, intellectual, political, or religious tradition, Sen clearly demonstrates its current applicability and possibilities. In the new global economy, where, despite unprecedented increases in overall opulence, the contemporary world denies elementary freedoms to vast numbers--perhaps even the majority of people--he concludes, it is still possible to practically and optimistically restain a sense of social accountability. Development as Freedom is essential reading.
A Nobel Laureate offers a dazzling new book about his native country India is a country with many distinct traditions, widely divergent customs, vastly different convictions, and a veritable feast of viewpoints. In The Argumentative Indian, Amartya Sen draws on a lifetime study of his country's history and culture to suggest the ways we must understand India today in the light of its rich, long argumentative tradition. The millenia-old texts and interpretations of Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Muslim, agnostic, and atheistic Indian thought demonstrate, Sen reminds us, ancient and well-respected rules for conducting debates and disputations, and for appreciating not only the richness of India's diversity but its need for toleration. Though Westerners have often perceived India as a place of endless spirituality and unreasoning mysticism, he underlines its long tradition of skepticism and reasoning, not to mention its secular contributions to mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, medicine, and political economy. Sen discusses many aspects of India's rich intellectual and political heritage, including philosophies of governance from Kautilya's and Ashoka's in the fourth and third centuries BCE to Akbar's in the 1590s; the history and continuing relevance of India's relations with China more than a millennium ago; its old and well-organized calendars; the films of Satyajit Ray and the debates between Gandhi and the visionary poet Tagore about India's past, present, and future. The success of India's democracy and defense of its secular politics depend, Sen argues, on understanding and using this rich argumentative tradition. It is also essential to removing the inequalities (whether of caste, gender, class, or community) that mar Indian life, to stabilizing the now precarious conditions of a nuclear-armed subcontinent, and to correcting what Sen calls the politics of deprivation. His invaluable book concludes with his meditations on pluralism, on dialogue and dialectics in the pursuit of social justice, and on the nature of the Indian identity.
Focuses on the concept of open source prototyping and product development and designing sensor networks and covers IoT base applications This book will serves as a single source of introductory material and reference for programming smart computing and Internet of Things (IoT) devices using Arduino with the use of Python It covers number of comprehensive DIY experiments through which the reader can design various intelligent systems
As UAV technology is rapidly evolving, a pervasive need for a thorough investigation of its full capabilities has come to the forefront. Internet of Drone Things: Architectures, Approaches, and Applications fulfils this need enabling its readers to easily find the answers they are seeking by providing a comprehensive overview of the topic.This book, in fact, includes fundamental information related to IoDT architecture design and features; reviews the state of the art in hardware and software platforms to deploy, connect, and control drones or swarms of drones; and covers the latest developments in innovative drone-facilitated applications and services that can significantly improve efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of various operations in modern society and a growing number of its industries. Finally, experimental modeling and simulations are accompanied by prototyping examples, which are set to become the benchmark of next-level automation in the field.Internet of Drone Things: Architectures, Approaches, and Applications is, therefore, an invaluable resource for engineering students, researchers, and professionals, as well as sector experts who work to develop new drone standards or to identify new drone technology use and commercialization areas at an international level. - Educates readers on the fundamental properties of an Internet of Drone Things (IoDT) ecosystem - Guides readers to effective network architecture design through experimental modeling and simulations - Provides in-depth research on the progress made in the domain of UAV networks, routing, sensing, and UAV operation management - Offers state-of-the-art IoDT platform-enabled application examples
Why India's problems won't be solved by rapid economic growth alone When India became independent in 1947 after two centuries of colonial rule, it immediately adopted a firmly democratic political system, with multiple parties, freedom of speech, and extensive political rights. The famines of the British era disappeared, and steady economic growth replaced the economic stagnation of the Raj. The growth of the Indian economy quickened further over the last three decades and became the second fastest among large economies. Despite a recent dip, it is still one of the highest in the world. Maintaining rapid as well as environmentally sustainable growth remains an important and achievable goal for India. In An Uncertain Glory, two of India's leading economists argue that the country's main problems lie in the lack of attention paid to the essential needs of the people, especially of the poor, and often of women. There have been major failures both to foster participatory growth and to make good use of the public resources generated by economic growth to enhance people's living conditions. There is also a continued inadequacy of social services such as schooling and medical care as well as of physical services such as safe water, electricity, drainage, transportation, and sanitation. In the long run, even the feasibility of high economic growth is threatened by the underdevelopment of social and physical infrastructure and the neglect of human capabilities, in contrast with the Asian approach of simultaneous pursuit of economic growth and human development, as pioneered by Japan, South Korea, and China. In a democratic system, which India has great reason to value, addressing these failures requires not only significant policy rethinking by the government, but also a clearer public understanding of the abysmal extent of social and economic deprivations in the country. The deep inequalities in Indian society tend to constrict public discussion, confining it largely to the lives and concerns of the relatively affluent. Drèze and Sen present a powerful analysis of these deprivations and inequalities as well as the possibility of change through democratic practice.
From Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, a long-awaited memoir about home, belonging, inequality, and identity, recounting a singular life devoted to betterment of humanity. The Nobel laureate Amartya Sen is one of a handful of people who may truly be called “a global intellectual” (Financial Times). A towering figure in the field of economics, Sen is perhaps best known for his work on poverty and famine, as inspired by events in his boyhood home of West Bengal, India. But Sen has, in fact, called many places “home,” including Dhaka, in modern Bangladesh; Kolkata, where he first studied economics; and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he engaged with the greatest minds of his generation. In Home in the World, these “homes” collectively form an unparalleled and profoundly truthful vision of twentieth- and twenty-first-century life. Here Sen, “one of the most distinguished minds of our time” (New York Review of Books), interweaves scenes from his remarkable life with candid philosophical reflections on economics, welfare, and social justice, demonstrating how his experiences—in Asia, Europe, and later America—vitally informed his work. In exquisite prose, Sen evokes his childhood travels on the rivers of Bengal, as well as the “quiet beauty” of Dhaka. The Mandalay of Orwell and Kipling is recast as a flourishing cultural center with pagodas, palaces, and bazaars, “always humming with intriguing activities.” With characteristic moral clarity and compassion, Sen reflects on the cataclysmic events that soon tore his world asunder, from the Bengal famine of 1943 to the struggle for Indian independence against colonial tyranny—and the outbreak of political violence that accompanied the end of British rule. Witnessing these lacerating tragedies only amplified Sen’s sense of social purpose. He went on to study famine and inequality, wholly reconstructing theories of social choice and development. In 1998, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions to welfare economics, which included a fuller understanding of poverty as the deprivation of human capability. Still Sen, a tireless champion of the dispossessed, remains an activist, working now as ever to empower vulnerable minorities and break down walls among warring ethnic groups. As much a book of penetrating ideas as of people and places, Home in the World is the ultimate “portrait of a citizen of the world” (Spectator), telling an extraordinary story of human empathy across distance and time, and above all, of being at home in the world.
This book analyses the role of public action in solving the problem of hunger in the modern world and is divided into four parts: Hunger in the modern world, Famines, Undernutrition and deprivation, and Hunger and public action.
The main focus of this book is on the causation of starvation in general and of famines in particular. The author develops the alternative method of analysis—the 'entitlement approach'—concentrating on ownership and exchange, not on food supply. The book also provides a general analysis of the characterization and measurement of poverty. Various approaches used in economics, sociology, and political theory are critically examined. The predominance of distributional issues, including distribution between different occupation groups, links up the problem of conceptualizing poverty with that of analyzing starvation.
This book focuses on India’s anti-colonial politics which Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) brought into the mainstream of nationalist thinking. It browses through the entire corpus of Tagore’s writings in the genres of poetry, fiction, and essays, to glean both used and hitherto unused/un-translated writings that illumine Tagore’s gender consciousness and (proto)feminist thought and empathy, presenting it in a wholly new light. It teases out Tagore’s original views on India’s industrial-capitalist development and his views on the roles of applied scientists and engineers in it to highlight his critique of the nature of science teaching in colonial India. The volume also delineates Tagore’s Upanişadic ecologism that creatively evoked anticolonialism and patriotism. Lucid and topical, the book will be indispensable for students and researchers in the fields of comparative literature, history, political science, international relations, and sociology at all levels, and anybody interested in literary criticism and cultural studies.
This book focuses on Rabindranath Tagore as a social and political thinker revolving around Tagore’s ideas on the seeds of civil society, nation, identities, and communities in the Indic tradition. The author deconstructs Tagore’s concepts against the appropriate resurgent and triumphalist Western concepts in the updated Western social thought and theories. The book examines Tagore’s understanding of the nature of the civil social sphere in India and analyzes the relevance of his civil social concepts against the backdrop of colonialism in India. It also discusses his views on nation and nationalism in India and his insights into the problems and prospects of intercommunity, particularly Hindu-Muslim relations in India. Applying current social science and Western literature in an unprecedented manner to interpret Tagore, this book will be of great interest to scholars, teachers, and students of politics, nationalism, postcolonialism, history, comparative literature, sociology, religious studies, and South Asian studies.
This book focuses on India’s anti-colonial politics which Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) brought into the mainstream of nationalist thinking. It browses through the entire corpus of Tagore’s writings in the genres of poetry, fiction, and essays, to glean both used and hitherto unused/un-translated writings that illumine Tagore’s gender consciousness and (proto)feminist thought and empathy, presenting it in a wholly new light. It teases out Tagore’s original views on India’s industrial-capitalist development and his views on the roles of applied scientists and engineers in it to highlight his critique of the nature of science teaching in colonial India. The volume also delineates Tagore’s Upanişadic ecologism that creatively evoked anticolonialism and patriotism. Lucid and topical, the book will be indispensable for students and researchers in the fields of comparative literature, history, political science, international relations, and sociology at all levels, and anybody interested in literary criticism and cultural studies.
Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences introduces and emphasizes the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of education and research from a materials science perspective. This approach is aimed to promote understanding of the physical, chemical, biological and engineering aspects of any materials science problem. Contents are prepared to maintain the strong background of fundamental engineering disciplines while integrating them with the disciplines of natural science. It presents key concepts and includes case studies on biomedical materials and renewable energy. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in materials science and other streams of engineering, this book Explores interdisciplinary research aspects in a coherent manner for materials science researchers Presents key concepts of engineering sciences as relevant for materials science in terms of fundamentals and applications Discusses engineering mechanics, biological and physical sciences Includes relevant case studies and examples
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