To assess whether an initiative to reduce gun violence that had been successful in Boston could be adapted for use elsewhere, researchers selected an East Los Angeles area for a similar intervention that was to include both law enforcement and social service components. Although the latter component was not widely available when the intervention began, researchers found that the intervention helped reduce violent and gang crime in the targeted districts and that crime also decreased in surrounding communities.
Policing Gun Violence makes the case that increasing the effectiveness of the police in gun-violence prevention is both possible and essential. It is essential because in many cities, gun violence is the most pressing crime problem, making cities less liveable and dragging down economic development. There is no good alternative to police authority for gaining control of criminal gangs and interrupting cycles of retaliation. Increasing police effectiveness is possible due to considerable advances in the understanding of what works (and what doesn't) in the strategic use of police resources. In particular, innovations such as focused deterrence, hot spots policing, procedural justice, and enhanced shooting investigations have been widely studied and offer real promise if implemented correctly. The challenges in this domain begin with the fact that low-income communities of color, which bear the brunt of gun violence, tend to be distrustful of the police. Residents of these communities often feel that they are overpoliced, due to heavy-handed tactics and all-too-common officer-involved shootings. But they also feel under-policed, as evidenced by slow response times, failure to intervene in tense situations, and low arrest rates for serious crime. A comprehensive strategy for policing gun violence requires a community focus and a commitment to reining in police misbehaviour. This book makes the case that, done correctly, policing gun violence is an urgent investment and a matter of social justice"--
Surname analysis is a potentially useful technique for identifying members of particular racial, ethnic, or language communities within a population. This paper reviews the existing state of the art for identifying persons of Hispanic or Asian origin, based on surnames distinctive of each group. The authors discuss the logic of surname analysis, describe several available surname dictionaries, and illustrate their applications in local redistricting. Results of the authors' ongoing validation studies suggest promising future directions for improving accuracy and broadening applications.
This report analyzes several samples of young males arrested for either armed robbery or residential burglary in three sites: Los Angeles County, California; Clark County (Las Vegas), Nevada; and King County (Seattle), Washington. Its aim is to determine the relative severity with which young adult offenders are sentenced in criminal courts, and the degree to which their juvenile records affect their sentencing. Contrary to the suggestions of several prior analyses, the authors found no evidence in any of the sites of consistent leniency toward young adult defendants, and they concluded that the severity of the defendant's prior record did not affect the disposition of the case.
The question of whether an automobile accident victim should be allowed to bring a claim for punitive damages for unfair settlement practices against another person's liability insurer Ü a so-called third-party, bad faith suit Ü has become an important policy concern. This book examines the compensation that automobile insurers paid to accident victims in California during a period, 1979 to 1988, when such punitive damages claims were permitted. This book looks at the effects of the adoption and subsequent rejection of the Royal Globe doctrine, which allowed third-party bad-faith suits, on compensation and costs of bodily injury claims. The authors find that the adoption of Royal Globe triggered sharp increases in both the average bodily compensation payment and the relative frequency of bodily injury claims in California relative to the other tort states. In contrast, the elimination of Royal Globe dramatically reversed these trends.
Although the aging of America's population represents a fundamental demographic shift with far-reaching implications, its pressures will be felt unevenly by the nation's localities. This report presents a straightforward procedure which state and local planning agencies can use to monitor the movement of elderly persons into and out of individual U.S. counties. The procedure uses readily available Social Security data to produce accurate estimates of elderly net migration rates. The report describes the procedure's method and rationale, documents the formal estimation model, explains how to apply the model, and furnishes an illustration to guide the user.
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