Gain an intuitive understanding of jitter and phase noise with this authoritative guide. Leading researchers provide expert insights on a wide range of topics, from general theory and the effects of jitter on circuits and systems, to key statistical properties and numerical techniques. Using the tools provided in this book, you will learn how and when jitter and phase noise occur, their relationship with one another, how they can degrade circuit performance, and how to mitigate their effects - all in the context of the most recent research in the field. Examine the impact of jitter in key application areas, including digital circuits and systems, data converters, wirelines, and wireless systems, and learn how to simulate it using the accompanying Matlab code. Supported by additional examples and exercises online, this is a one-stop guide for graduate students and practicing engineers interested in improving the performance of modern electronic circuits and systems.
Gain an intuitive understanding of jitter and phase noise with this authoritative guide. Leading researchers provide expert insights on a wide range of topics, from general theory and the effects of jitter on circuits and systems, to key statistical properties and numerical techniques. Using the tools provided in this book, you will learn how and when jitter and phase noise occur, their relationship with one another, how they can degrade circuit performance, and how to mitigate their effects - all in the context of the most recent research in the field. Examine the impact of jitter in key application areas, including digital circuits and systems, data converters, wirelines, and wireless systems, and learn how to simulate it using the accompanying Matlab code. Supported by additional examples and exercises online, this is a one-stop guide for graduate students and practicing engineers interested in improving the performance of modern electronic circuits and systems.
Amidst changing notions of religion and identity in the modern Middle East, this book uncovers the hidden story of Ahmad Moftizadeh, the nonviolent religious leader of Iran’s Kurds during the Iranian Revolution. The characters of Ayatollah Khomeini and a number of other prominent revolutionaries surface through never before heard first-hand accounts of that era’s events. The author further surveys the underlying causes of conflict and extremism today by placing this dramatic biography in the context of a rapidly-evolving region after the First World War. The author’s coverage of some of the twentieth century Middle East’s most defining events leads him to powerful policy arguments for a region in turmoil.
Biomimetic and bioinspired membranes are the most promising type of membrane for multiple usage scenarios, including commercial separation applications as well as water and wastewater treatment technologies. In recent years, aquaporin biomimetic membranes (ABMs) for water purification have raised considerable interest. These membranes display uniquely favorable properties and outstanding performances, such as diverse interactions, varied selective transport mechanisms, superior stability, high resistance to membrane fouling, and distinct adaptability. Biomimetic membranes would make a significant contribution to alleviate water stress, environmental threats, and energy consumption.
Today’s Iran is rarely out of the headlines. Labelled by George W Bush as a part of his ‘axis of evil’ and perceived as a real nuclear threat by some, Iran is increasingly seen as an enemy of the West. And yet for many Iran remains shrouded in mystery and incomprehensible to Western analysis. Modern Iran offers a comprehensive analysis and explanation of political, social and economic developments in Iran during the 20th century. Since it first published in 2003 Modern Iran has become a staple for students and lecturers wishing to gain a clear understand of the history of this strategically important Middle Eastern Country. The new edition will bring us up to dateand will include: an analysis of the successes and failures of the Khatami Presidency; an examination of the effect of 9/11; the rise of the Reform Movement and the efforts to promote Islamic Democracy; the resistance to democratisation among the hardline elites.
Pili in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Advances discusses the types of pili produced by the tuberculosis-causing bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC. The book examines the structure of pili shown under electron and atomic force microscopy and by using whole genome sequencing, outlines the importance of pili in mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also explores the role of pili in bacteria-host interactions and in drug development and delivery. Pili in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis opens with an overview of the structure, synthesis, and function of pili in bacteria. This includes taxonomy and the role of pili in diseases. The book also examines the preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for electronic and atomic microscopy and looks at the different life cycles and susceptibility patterns of MTBC. It does on to discuss the expression and function of pili using whole genome sequencing and PCR-based methods and delves into bacteria host interactions. Lastly, it explores the development of new drugs and its delivery by pili. • Covers the structure, synthesis, and function of pili produced by the tuberculosis-causing bacterium, MTB• Introduces seven types of pili in MTB• Explains the mechanism of bacteria–host attachment and importance of this phenomena in MTB pili and other bacteria• Emphasizes the use of advances techniques to study and investigate the TB-bacilli and its interaction with host cells
Nanofluid Boiling presents valuable insights into boiling heat transfer mechanisms, offering state-of-the-art techniques for overcoming obstacles against nanofluid applications. In addition, the book points out emerging industrial applications and guides researchers and engineers in their research and design efforts. In addition, recommendations on future research directions and the design of systems involving nanofluids are presented at the end of each chapter. The book's authors comprehensively cover mechanisms, parametric effects and enhancement techniques in the boiling of nanofluids, providing updated, detailed information about recent developments and findings. - Reveals insights into the findings and mechanisms of boiling heat transfer in nanofluids, guiding researchers and engineers in their research and design efforts - Focuses on parametric effects such as nanofluid properties (size, concentration, nanoparticle type), preparation methods on heat transfer and critical heat flux mechanisms, bubble dynamics, flow patterns, and pressure drop - Presents readers with scaling effects (from macro to microscale) relevant to nanofluid boiling
This book is designed to supplement standard texts and teaching material in the areas of differential equations in engineering such as in Electrical ,Mechanical and Biomedical engineering. Emphasis is placed on the Boundary Value Problems that are often met in these fields.This keeps the the spectrum of the book rather focussed .The book has basically emerged from the need in the authors lectures on “Advanced Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering” at Yeditepe University and it is aimed to assist the students in solving general and application specific problems in Science and Engineering at upper-undergraduate and graduate level.Majority of the problems given in this book are self-contained and have varying levels of difficulty to encourage the student. Problems that deal with MATLAB simulations are particularly intended to guide the student to understand the nature and demystify theoretical aspects of these problems. Relevant references are included at the end of each chapter. Here one will also find large number of software that supplements this book in the form of MATLAB script (.m files). The name of the files used for the solution of a problem are indicated at the end of each corresponding problem statement.There are also some exercises left to students as homework assignments in the book. An outstanding feature of the book is the large number and variety of the solved problems that are included in it. Some of these problems can be found relatively simple, while others are more challenging and used for research projects. All solutions to the problems and script files included in the book have been tested using recent MATLAB software.The features and the content of this book will be most useful to the students studying in Engineering fields, at different levels of their education (upper undergraduate-graduate).
Modern Iran since 1797 offers a comprehensive analysis of political, social and economic developments in Iran since the end of the eighteenth century. Spanning two centuries, the book provides historical context for Iran’s international relationships and its internal struggle to reconcile itself and its traditions with the modern world. The book presents an overview of this crucial period in Iran’s history, its emergence from the political turmoil of the eighteenth century through to its initial encounter with the industrial powers of Europe and its attempts to navigate the turbulent waters of European imperialism. It assesses the impact of European ideas on the triumph and tragedy of the Constitutional Revolution, which established the political template for the country going forward and against which all other political developments have been measured. This new edition has been updated to incorporate new scholarship and research to make a rounded assessment of recent developments and bring the text fully up to date. A substantive new prequel has also been added, covering the long nineteenth century from 1797 through to 1921, including a fuller and more detailed treatment both of the Constitutional Revolution and the events and ideology that underpinned it. Written in a clear, engaging style and highlighting Iran as a state and society grappling with the realities of the modern age, Modern Iran since 1797 remains the perfect guide for all those studying the history of modern Iran.
This book presents efficient metaheuristic algorithms for optimal design of structures. Many of these algorithms are developed by the author and his graduate students, consisting of Particle Swarm Optimization, Charged System Search, Magnetic Charged System Search, Field of Forces Optimization, Democratic Particle Swarm Optimization, Dolphin Echolocation Optimization, Colliding Bodies Optimization, Ray Optimization. These are presented together with algorithms which are developed by other authors and have been successfully applied to various optimization problems. These consist of Partical Swarm Optimization, Big Band Big Crunch algorithm, Cuckoo Search Optimization, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Chaos Embedded Metaheuristic Algorithm. Finally a multi-objective Optimization is presented to Solve large scale structural problems based on the Charged System Search algorithm, In the second edition seven new chapters are added consisting of Enhance colliding bodies optimization, Global sensitivity analysis, Tug of War Optimization, Water evaporation optimization, Vibrating System Optimization and Cyclical Parthenogenesis Optimization algorithm. In the third edition, five new chapters are included consisting of the recently developed algorithms. These are Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm, Set Theoretical Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm, Set Theoretical Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Thermal Exchange Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm, and Water Strider Optimization Algorithm and Its Enhancement. The concepts and algorithm presented in this book are not only applicable to optimization of skeletal structure, finite element models, but can equally be utilized for optimal design of other systems such as hydraulic and electrical networks.
This book presents a systematic introduction, practical meaning, and measurement of thermo-physical properties (i.e. viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity) associated with the Prandtl number. The method of slope linear regression through the data points is presented in this textbook as a methodology for a deeper and insightful scrutinization. The book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators, Teachers of Fluid Mechanics, Experts on Heat and Mass Transfer, Researchers on Boundary layer flows, Mechanical and Chemical Engineers, Physicists, and Postgraduate Students working on transport phenomena who need theoretical and empirical reviews on the impact of increasing the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity. Features: A systematic overview of the state-of-the-art in statistical methodology for understanding changes between dependent and independent variables. Pointers to some theoretical and empirical reviews on Prandtl number. Presents in-depth analysis of various self-similar flows, emphasizing stretching induced flows, nanofluid dynamics, suction, injection, free convection, mixed convection, and forced convection. Insightful study on thermal radiation, heat sour, heat sink, energy flux due to concentration gradient, mass flux due to temperature gradient, thermo-capillary convection flow, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, thermal stratification, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion of particles.
Under pressure from the World Bank, the International Monetary Funds and the World Trade Organization governments of both industrialized and less developed nations have undertaken extensive reforms and reorganization to streamline their public sectors. This volume, with chapters written by authorities from around the world, provides information on administrative reform in varied nations. Following an introduction, which sets a theoretical framework, the book contains sections devoted to Asia, the Near/Middle East, Africa, and a comparison of East/South Europe and Asia. Administrative reform has become a widespread challenge to national and sub-national governments around the globe. Under pressure from the World Bank, the International Monetary Funds and the World Trade Organization governments of both industrialized and less developed nations have undertaken extensive reforms and reorganization to streamline their public sectors. This volume, with chapters written by authorities from around the world, provides information on administrative reform in varied nations. Developing nations face acute problems on a daily basis, making administrative reform an essential function of public administration. With chapters devoted to experiences in such nations as Korea, India, Iran, Turkey, the Arab States, Nigeria, and South Africa, this volume sheds valuable light on administrative reform in developing countries and provides lessons for future policy actions.
The imminent need to mitigate the global warming potential (GWP) and the impact of the ozone depletion potential (ODP) demand seeking more efficient uses of energy, new energy sources, and new technologies. Heat transfer plays a vital role in efficient power production with minimum investment, installation, and maintenance costs. This book deals with issues related to efficiently utilizing available energy by integrating the technology of heat exchangers into power production units. Further, it provides detailed descriptions of heat transfer applications commonly used in modern everyday life and industrial contexts, supported by practical and worked-out examples presented to facilitate learning.
This book describes the importance of heat transfer in heat exchangers, and fluids properties play a vital role to increase heat transfer rate translating the size of the equipment and cuts in the capital and running cost in the long term. Nanofluids applications in heat exchangers will help to improve the thermophysical properties of the fluid and therefore heat transfer. And, this book explains the enhancing mechanisms of heat transfer by employing nanofluids in heat exchangers. A critical discussion will enable to estimate the pros and cons of such fluids in different types of heat exchangers. Prevailing working conditions for short- and long-term implementation of various types of nanofluids will be discussed and introduced to the readers. This book helps the researchers, scientist and academicians working in the domain to be able to get a comprehensive knowledge at one place regarding the preparation, properties, measurements, data reduction, characteristics and applications of nanofluids in heat exchangers.
Nuclear engineers advancing the energy transition are understanding more about the next generation of nuclear plants; however, it is still difficult to access all the critical types, concepts, and applications in one location. Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC): A New Nuclear Power Plant Perspective Producing Energy gives engineers and nuclear engineering researchers the comprehensive tools to get up to date on the latest technology supporting generation IV nuclear plant systems. After providing a brief history of this area, alternative technology is discussed such as electromagnetic pumps, heat pipes as control devices, Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles integration, and instrumentation helping nuclear plants to provide dispatchable electricity to the grid and heat to industry. Packed with examples of all the types, benefits, and challenges involved, Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC) delivers the go-to reference that engineers need to advance safe nuclear energy as a low-carbon option. - Describes theory and concepts on generation IV technology such as advanced reactor concepts (ARC) and electromagnetic pumps, and compares different types and sizes. - Sets out the energy transition with critical carbon-free technology that can supplement intermittent power sources such as wind and solar. - Explains alternative heat storage technology, including Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles. - Introduces advanced main instrumentation systems for in-core probes.
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