This book brings together emerging objectives and paradigms in the control of both AC and DC microgrids; further, it facilitates the integration of renewable-energy and distribution systems through localization of generation, storage and consumption. The control objectives in a microgrid are addressed through the hierarchical control structure. After providing a comprehensive survey on the state of the art in microgrid control, the book goes on to address the most recent control schemes for both AC and DC microgrids, which are based on the distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems. The cooperative control structure discussed distributes the co-ordination and optimization tasks across all distributed generators. This does away with the need for a central controller, and the control system will not collapse in response to the outage of a single unit. This avoids adverse effects on system flexibility and configurability, as well as the reliability concerns in connection with single points of failure that arise in traditional, centralized microgrid control schemes. Rigorous proofs develop each control methodology covered in the book, and simulation examples are provided to justify all of the proposed algorithms. Given its extensive yet self-contained content, the book offers a comprehensive source of information for graduate students, academic researchers, and practicing engineers working in the field of microgrid control and optimization.
THE ECONOMICS OF MICROGRIDS An incisive and practical exploration of the engineering economics of microgrids In The Economics of Microgrids, a pair of distinguished researchers delivers an expert discussion of the microeconomic perspectives on microgrids in the context of low-carbon, sustainable energy delivery. In the book, readers will explore an engineering economics framework on the investment decisions and capital expenditure analyses required for an assessment of microgrid projects. The authors also examine economic concepts and models for minimizing microgrid operation costs, including the cost of local generation resources and energy purchases from main grids to supply local loads. The book presents economic models for the expansion of microgrids under load and market price uncertainties, as well as discussions of the economics of resilience in microgrids for optimal operation during outages and power disturbances. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the engineering and economics of microgrids Comprehensive explorations of microgrid planning under uncertainty Practical discussions of microgrid expansion planning, operations management, and renewable energy integration Fulsome treatments of asset management and resilience economics in microgrids Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers studying power system design, The Economics of Microgrids will also benefit professionals working in the power system industry and government regulators and policymakers with an interest in microgrid technologies and infrastructure.
This monograph represents the outcome of research effort of the authors on scalable synchronization of large-scale multi-agent systems (MAS). Cooperative control of multi-agent systems has been growing in popularity and is highly interdisciplinary in recent years. The application of synchronization of MAS includes automobile systems, aerospace systems, multiple-satellite GPS, high-resolution satellite imagery, aircraft formations, highway traffic platooning, industrial process control with multiple processes, and more. Most of the proposed protocols in the literature for synchronization of MAS require some knowledge of the communication network such as bounds on the spectrum of the associated Laplacian matrix and the number of agents. These protocols suffer from scale fragility wherein stability properties are lost for large-scale networks or when the communication graph changes. In the past few years, the authors of this monograph have worked on developing scale-free protocol design for various cases of MAS problems. The key contribution of the monograph is to offer a scale-free design framework and provide scale-free protocols to achieve synchronization, delayed synchronization, and almost synchronization in the presence of input and communication delays, input saturation and external disturbances. The scale-free design framework solely is based on the knowledge of agent models and does not depend on information about the communication network such as the spectrum of the associated Laplacian matrix or size of the network. Drawing upon their extensive work in this area, the authors provide a thorough treatment of agents with higher-order dynamics, different classes of models for agents, and the underlying networks representing actions of the agents. The high technical level of their presentation and their rigorous mathematical approach make this monograph a timely and valuable resource that will fill a gap in the existing literature.
Modern Optimization Techniques for Smart Grids presents current research and methods for monitoring transmission systems and enhancing distribution system performance using optimization techniques considering the role of different single and multi-objective functions. The authors present in-depth information on integrated systems for smart transmission and distribution, including using smart meters such as phasor measurement units (PMUs), enhancing distribution system performance using the optimal placement of distributed generations (DGs) and/or capacitor banks, and optimal capacitor placement for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. The book will be a valuable reference for researchers, students, and engineers working in electrical power engineering and renewable energy systems. Predicts future development of hybrid power systems; Introduces enhanced optimization strategies; Includes MATLAB M-file codes.
This book brings together emerging objectives and paradigms in the control of both AC and DC microgrids; further, it facilitates the integration of renewable-energy and distribution systems through localization of generation, storage and consumption. The control objectives in a microgrid are addressed through the hierarchical control structure. After providing a comprehensive survey on the state of the art in microgrid control, the book goes on to address the most recent control schemes for both AC and DC microgrids, which are based on the distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems. The cooperative control structure discussed distributes the co-ordination and optimization tasks across all distributed generators. This does away with the need for a central controller, and the control system will not collapse in response to the outage of a single unit. This avoids adverse effects on system flexibility and configurability, as well as the reliability concerns in connection with single points of failure that arise in traditional, centralized microgrid control schemes. Rigorous proofs develop each control methodology covered in the book, and simulation examples are provided to justify all of the proposed algorithms. Given its extensive yet self-contained content, the book offers a comprehensive source of information for graduate students, academic researchers, and practicing engineers working in the field of microgrid control and optimization.
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